1
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Yu PT, Shu W, Mok SL, Hui PW, Chan LW, Kwok KY, Chan KYK, Lo TK, Chung BHY, Luk HM, Kan ASY. Prenatal presentation in two fetuses with features of Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome-An unexpected diagnosis of androgenetic chimera and its clinical implications. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1562-1567. [PMID: 35179302 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS, OMIM 130650) is an imprinting disorder that may present antenatally with a constellation of sonographic features namely polyhydramnios, macrosomia, macroglossia, omphalocele, placental mesenchymal dysplasia, cardiomegaly, nephromegaly, fetal hydrops, and other rare anomalies. Paternal uniparental disomy in chromosome 11p15 imprinting region accounts for 20% of all BWS, and 8% among those were due to genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy (GWpUPD). GWpUPD is a rare condition and usually results in prenatal lethality. The 31 liveborns reported in the literature demonstrate female predominance in surviving GWpUPD. Here, we reported two prenatal cases which initially presented with features suggestive of BWS, which subsequently were confirmed to have GWpUPD. Further trio SNP genotyping analysis using SNP-based chromosomal microarray revealed androgenetic biparental chimera as the underlying cause. Finally, we highlighted the importance of recognizing GWpUPD as a possible cause in a fetus presenting with BWS phenotype, as it carried a different disease prognosis, tumor predisposition, manifestations of other imprinting disorders, and possibility in unmasking autosomal recessive disorders from the paternal alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Tak Yu
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - Wendy Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Sau-Lan Mok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Pui-Wah Hui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Lin-Wai Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Yin Kwok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin Y K Chan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Laboratory, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz-Kin Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - Anita S Y Kan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,Prenatal Diagnostic Laboratory, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong
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2
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Lin YH, Wu PC, Tsai CY, Lin YH, Lo MY, Hsu SJ, Lin PH, Erdenechuluun J, Wu HP, Hsu CJ, Wu CC, Chen PL. Hearing Impairment with Monoallelic GJB2 Variants: A GJB2 Cause or Non-GJB2 Cause? J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:1279-1291. [PMID: 34325055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive variants in GJB2 are the most common genetic cause of sensorineural hearing impairment. However, in many patients, only one variant in the GJB2 coding region is identified using conventional sequencing strategy (eg, Sanger sequencing), resulting in nonconfirmative diagnosis. Conceivably, there might be other unidentified pathogenic variants in the noncoding region of GJB2 or other deafness-causing genes in these patients. To address this, a next-generation sequencing-based diagnostic panel targeting the entire GJB2 gene and the coding regions of 158 other known deafness-causing genes was designed and applied to 95 patients with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing impairment (including 81 Han Taiwanese and 14 Mongolian patients) in whom only a single GJB2 variant had been detected using conventional Sanger sequencing. The panel confirmed the genetic diagnosis in 24 patients (25.3%). Twenty-two of them had causative variants in several deafness-causing genes other than GJB2, including MYO15A, MYO7A, TECTA, POU4F3, KCNQ4, SLC26A4, OTOF, MT-RNR1, MITF, WFS1, and USH2A. The other two patients had causative variants in GJB2, including a Taiwanese patient with a mosaic maternal uniparental disomy c.235delC variant (approximately 69% mosaicism) and a Mongolian patient with compound heterozygous c.35dupG and c.35delG variants, which occurred at the same site. This study demonstrates the utility of next-generation sequencing in clarifying the genetic diagnosis of hearing-impaired patients with nonconfirmative GJB2 genotypes on conventional genetic examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Che Wu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institutes of Medical Genomic, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hung Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institutes of Medical Genomic, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Lo
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jui Hsu
- Graduate Institutes of Medical Genomic, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Jargalkhuu Erdenechuluun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; The EMJJ Otolaryngology Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Hung-Pin Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Jen Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institutes of Medical Genomic, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Masunaga Y, Kagami M, Kato F, Usui T, Yonemoto T, Mishima K, Fukami M, Aoto K, Saitsu H, Ogata T. Parthenogenetic mosaicism: generation via second polar body retention and unmasking of a likely causative PER2 variant for hypersomnia. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:73. [PMID: 33827678 PMCID: PMC8028705 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parthenogenetic mosaicism is an extremely rare condition identified only in five subjects to date. The previous studies indicate that this condition is mediated by parthenogenetic activation and is free from a specific phenotype ascribed to unmaking of a maternally inherited recessive variant in the parthenogenetic cell lineage. Results We examined a 28-year-old Japanese 46,XX female with Silver-Russell syndrome and idiopathic hypersomnia. The results revealed (1) predominance of maternally derived alleles for all the differentially methylated regions examined; (2) no disease-related copy-number variant; (3) two types of regions for all chromosomes, i.e., four BAF (B-allele frequency) band regions with single major microsatellite peaks of maternal origin and single minor microsatellite peaks of non-maternal (paternal) origin, and six BAF band regions with single major microsatellite peaks of maternal origin and two minor microsatellite peaks of maternal and non-maternal (paternal) origin; (4) an unmasked extremely rare PER2 variant (c.1403G>A:p.(Arg468Gln)) with high predicted pathogenicity; (5) mildly affected local structure with altered hydrogen bonds of the p.Arg468Gln-PER2 protein; and (6) nucleus-dominant subcellular distribution of the p.Arg468Gln-PER2 protein. Conclusions The above findings imply that the second polar body retention occurred around fertilization, resulting in the generation of the parthenogenetic cell lineage by endoreplication of a female pronucleus and the normal cell lineage by fusion of male and female pronuclei, and that the homozygous PER2 variant in the parthenogenetic cells is the likely causative factor for idiopathic hypersomnia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01062-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Masunaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Usui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takako Yonemoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Mishima
- Department of Psychiatry Section of Neuro and Locomoter Science, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Aoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan. .,Administration Department, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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4
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Christesen HT, Christensen LG, Löfgren ÅM, Brøndum-Nielsen K, Svensson J, Brusgaard K, Samuelsson S, Elfving M, Jonson T, Grønskov K, Rasmussen L, Backman T, Hansen LK, Larsen AR, Petersen H, Detlefsen S. Tissue variations of mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy and phenotype of multi-syndromal congenital hyperinsulinism. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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5
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Postema FAM, Bliek J, van Noesel CJM, van Zutven LJCM, Oosterwijk JC, Hopman SMJ, Merks JHM, Hennekam RC. Multiple tumors due to mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27715. [PMID: 30882989 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy is an infrequently described disorder in which affected individuals have signs and symptoms that may resemble Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. In addition, they can develop multiple benign and malignant tumors throughout life. Routine molecular diagnostics may not detect the (characteristic) low level of mosaicism, and the diagnosis is likely to be missed. Genetic counseling and a life-long alertness for the development of tumors is indicated. We describe the long diagnostic process of a patient who already had a tumor at birth and developed multiple tumors in childhood and adulthood. Furthermore, we offer clues to recognize the entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor A M Postema
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carel J M van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M J Hopman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Hernandez Mora JR, Tayama C, Sánchez-Delgado M, Monteagudo-Sánchez A, Hata K, Ogata T, Medrano J, Poo-Llanillo ME, Simón C, Moran S, Esteller M, Tenorio J, Lapunzina P, Kagami M, Monk D, Nakabayashi K. Characterization of parent-of-origin methylation using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array platform. Epigenomics 2018; 10:941-954. [PMID: 29962238 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to establish a catalog of probes corresponding to imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs) on the Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip. MATERIALS & METHODS Reciprocal uniparental diploidies with low normal biparental mosaic contribution, together with normal diploid controls, were subjected to EPIC BeadChip hybridization. The methylation profiles were assessed for imprinted differential methylation. Top candidates were validated using locus-specific PCR-based assays. RESULTS Seven hundred and eighty-nine CpG probes coincided with 50 known imprinted DMRs and 467 CpG probes corresponding to 124 novel imprinted DMR candidates were identified. Validation led to identification of several subtle DMRs within known imprinted domains as well as novel maternally methylated regions associated with PTCHD3 and JAKMIP1. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive list of bona fide-imprinted DMR probes will simplify and facilitate methylation profiling of individuals with imprinting disorders and is applicable to other diseases in which aberrant imprinting has been implicated, such as cancer and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Hernandez Mora
- Imprinting & Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiharu Tayama
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marta Sánchez-Delgado
- Imprinting & Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Monteagudo-Sánchez
- Imprinting & Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jose Medrano
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI- INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Simón
- Igenomix SL, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Obs/Gyn, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Obs/Gyn, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jair Tenorio
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting & Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic & Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Borgulová I, Soldatova I, Putzová M, Malíková M, Neupauerová J, Marková SP, Trková M, Seeman P. Genome-wide uniparental diploidy of all paternal chromosomes in an 11-year-old girl with deafness and without malignancy. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:803-810. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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White M, McGillivray G, White SM, Zacharin MR. First report of congenital adrenal cysts and pheochromocytoma in a patient with mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:3352-3355. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary White
- The Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes; The Royal Children's Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | - George McGillivray
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
| | - Sue M. White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Margaret R. Zacharin
- The Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes; The Royal Children's Hospital; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
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9
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Ohtsuka Y, Higashimoto K, Oka T, Yatsuki H, Jozaki K, Maeda T, Kawahara K, Hamasaki Y, Matsuo M, Nishioka K, Joh K, Mukai T, Soejima H. Identification of consensus motifs associated with mitotic recombination and clinical characteristics in patients with paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 11. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1406-19. [PMID: 26908620 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) is defined as the inheritance of both homologs of a given genomic region from only one parent. The majority of UPD includes an entire chromosome. However, the extent of UPD is sometimes limited to a subchromosomal region (segmental UPD). Mosaic paternal UPD (pUPD) of chromosome 11 is found in approximately 20% of patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and almost all pUPDs are segmental isodisomic pUPDs resulting from mitotic recombination at an early embryonic stage. A mechanism initiating a DNA double strand break (DSB) within 11p has been predicted to lead to segmental pUPD. However, no consensus motif has yet been found. Here, we analyzed 32 BWS patients with pUPD by SNP array and searched for consensus motifs. We identified four consensus motifs frequently appearing within breakpoint regions of segmental pUPD. These motifs were found in another nine BWS patients with pUPD. In addition, the seven motifs found in meiotic recombination hot spots could not be found within pUPD breakpoint regions. Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation, a marker of DSB initiation, could not be found either. These findings suggest that the mechanism(s) of mitotic recombination leading to segmental pUPD are different from that of meiotic recombination. Furthermore, we found seven patients with paternal uniparental diploidy (PUD) mosaicism. Comparison of clinical features between segmental pUPDs and PUDs showed that developmental disability and cardiac abnormalities were additional characteristic features of PUD mosaicism, along with high risk of tumor development. We also found that macroglossia was characteristic of segmental pUPD mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Ohtsuka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Higashimoto
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Takehiko Oka
- World Fusion Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-0013, Japan and
| | - Hitomi Yatsuki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Kosuke Jozaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Toshiyuki Maeda
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | | | - Yuhei Hamasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishioka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Keiichiro Joh
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Hidenobu Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
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10
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Ogata T, Kagami M. Kagami-Ogata syndrome: a clinically recognizable upd(14)pat and related disorder affecting the chromosome 14q32.2 imprinted region. J Hum Genet 2015; 61:87-94. [PMID: 26377239 PMCID: PMC4771937 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human chromosome 14q32.2 carries paternally expressed genes including DLK1 and RTL1, and maternally expressed genes including MEG3 and RTL1as, along with the germline-derived DLK1-MEG3 intergenic differentially methylated region (IG-DMR) and the postfertilization-derived MEG3-DMR. Consistent with this, paternal uniparental disomy 14 (upd(14)pat), and epimutations (hypermethylations) and microdeletions affecting the IG-DMR and/or the MEG3-DMR of maternal origin, result in a unique phenotype associated with characteristic face, a small bell-shaped thorax with coat-hanger appearance of the ribs, abdominal wall defects, placentomegaly and polyhydramnios. Recently, the name ‘Kagami–Ogata syndrome' (KOS) has been approved for this clinically recognizable disorder. Here, we review the current knowledge about KOS. Important findings include the following: (1) the facial ‘gestalt' and the increased coat-hanger angle constitute pathognomonic features from infancy through childhood/puberty; (2) the unmethylated IG-DMR and MEG3-DMR of maternal origin function as the imprinting control centers in the placenta and body respectively, with a hierarchical interaction regulated by the IG-DMR for the methylation pattern of the MEG3-DMR in the body; (3) RTL1 expression level becomes ~2.5 times increased in the absence of functional RTL1as-encoded microRNAs that act as a trans-acting repressor for RTL1; (4) excessive RTL1 expression and absent MEG expression constitute the primary underlying factor for the phenotypic development; and (5) upd(14)pat accounts for approximately two-thirds of KOS patients, and epimutations and microdeletions are identified with a similar frequency. Furthermore, we refer to diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Ohtsuka Y, Higashimoto K, Sasaki K, Jozaki K, Yoshinaga H, Okamoto N, Takama Y, Kubota A, Nakayama M, Yatsuki H, Nishioka K, Joh K, Mukai T, Yoshiura KI, Soejima H. Autosomal recessive cystinuria caused by genome-wide paternal uniparental isodisomy in a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Clin Genet 2014; 88:261-6. [PMID: 25171146 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) cases are caused by mosaic paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 (pUPD11). Although pUPD11 is usually limited to the short arm of chromosome 11, a small minority of BWS cases show genome-wide mosaic pUPD (GWpUPD). These patients show variable clinical features depending on mosaic ratio, imprinting status of other chromosomes, and paternally inherited recessive mutations. To date, there have been no reports of a mosaic GWpUPD patient with an autosomal recessive disease caused by a paternally inherited recessive mutation. Here, we describe a patient concurrently showing the clinical features of BWS and autosomal recessive cystinuria. Genetic analyses revealed that the patient has mosaic GWpUPD and an inherited paternal homozygous mutation in SLC7A9. This is the first report indicating that a paternally inherited recessive mutation can cause an autosomal recessive disease in cases of GWpUPD mosaicism. Investigation into recessive mutations and the dysregulation of imprinting domains is critical in understanding precise clinical conditions of patients with mosaic GWpUPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohtsuka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Higashimoto
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Sasaki
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - K Jozaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - H Yoshinaga
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - N Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Takama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Kubota
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Yatsuki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Nishioka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Joh
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - T Mukai
- Nishikyushu University, Saga, Japan
| | - K-i Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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12
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Kalish JM, Conlin LK, Bhatti TR, Dubbs HA, Harris MC, Izumi K, Mostoufi-Moab S, Mulchandani S, Saitta S, States LJ, Swarr DT, Wilkens AB, Zackai EH, Zelley K, Bartolomei MS, Nichols KE, Palladino AA, Spinner NB, Deardorff MA. Clinical features of three girls with mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental isodisomy. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1929-39. [PMID: 23804593 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe three subjects with mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental isodisomy (GWpUPD) each of whom presented initially with overgrowth, hemihyperplasia (HH), and hyperinsulinism (HI). Due to the severity of findings and the presence of additional features, SNP array testing was performed, which demonstrated mosaic GWpUPD. Comparing these individuals to 10 other live-born subjects reported in the literature, the predominant phenotype is that of pUPD11 and notable for a very high incidence of tumor development. Our subjects developed non-metastatic tumors of the adrenal gland, kidney, and/or liver. All three subjects had pancreatic hyperplasia resulting in HI. Notably, our subjects to date display minimal features of other diseases associated with paternal UPD loci. Both children who survived the neonatal period have displayed near-normal cognitive development, likely due to a favorable tissue distribution of the mosaicism. To understand the range of UPD mosaicism levels, we studied multiple tissues using SNP array analysis and detected levels of 5-95%, roughly correlating with the extent of tissue involvement. Given the rapidity of tumor growth and the difficulty distinguishing malignant and benign tumors in these GWpUPD subjects, we have utilized increased frequency of ultrasound (US) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening in the first years of life. Because of a later age of onset of additional tumors, continued tumor surveillance into adolescence may need to be considered in these rare patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Kalish
- The Division of Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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13
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Epigenetic and genetic alterations of the imprinting disorder Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and related disorders. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:402-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Kapur RP, Cole B, Zhang M, Lin J, Fligner CL. Placental mesenchymal dysplasia and fetal renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia: androgenetic-biparental mosaicism and pathogenesis of an autosomal recessive disorder. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2013; 16:191-200. [PMID: 23438674 DOI: 10.2350/12-12-1281-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic-biparental mosaicism (ABM) denotes an embryo in which a subset of cells contains a diploid chromosomal complement derived entirely from the father. Such embryos have a high incidence of placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) and paternal imprinting disorders because the androgenetic cells have pangenomic paternal uniparental disomy. Uniparental disomy also poses a theoretical risk for paternally transmitted autosomal recessive disorders, if both chromosomes of each autosomal pair are identical (isodisomy). We present the 1st example of a recessive disorder, renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia, in a pregnancy complicated by PMD and ABM. Androgenetic-biparental mosaicism was demonstrated in fetal DNA, extracted from multiple organs, by quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based methods that detected allelic imbalances at the differentially methylated SNRPN locus (chromosome 15); polymorphic short tandem repeat microsatellite markers located on chromosomes 4, 7, 8, 13, 18, and 21; and single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosomes 1 and 19. Laser capture microdissection was performed to isolate specific placental and renal cell populations and document selective enrichment of androgenetic cells in the stroma of PMD and the epithelium of renal cysts. Mutational analysis of coding sequences did not reveal any mutations in NPHP3, a ciliopathy gene implicated in some cases of renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia. Nonetheless, the fetal phenotype and laser capture data support the model of a paternally transmitted autosomal recessive disorder, which occurred because of ABM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj P Kapur
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
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15
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Johnson JP, Waterson J, Schwanke C, Schoof J. Genome-wide androgenetic mosaicism. Clin Genet 2013; 85:282-5. [PMID: 23509941 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with mosaic paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of apparently all chromosomes have recently been described. They show a 46,XX karyotype, but with a mixture of normal biparental cells and cells entirely of paternal isodisomic origin. We describe an infant who primarily showed signs of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), but also had other severe and eventually lethal medical problems, notably refractory hypoglycemia. We performed methylation studies for BWS, but incidentally for Angelman syndrome (AS) on leukocytes and in a skin FFPE sample. We also performed chromosome microarray [CNV and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array] on leukocytes. We found that the patient had hypomethylation consistent with both BWS and AS. Remarkably, this was due to mosaic paternal UPD for chromosomes 11 and 15, respectively. The SNP microarray showed mosaic paternal UPD for all chromosomes. Patients with unusual phenotypes for a typical imprinting disorder should be studied further with assays for imprinted loci on other chromosomes. Chromosomal SNP microarrays are useful in identifying patients with multiple UPDs, sometimes of the whole genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Johnson
- Medical Genetics, Shodair Children's Hospital, Helena, MT, USA
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16
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Fuke T, Mizuno S, Nagai T, Hasegawa T, Horikawa R, Miyoshi Y, Muroya K, Kondoh T, Numakura C, Sato S, Nakabayashi K, Tayama C, Hata K, Sano S, Matsubara K, Kagami M, Yamazawa K, Ogata T. Molecular and clinical studies in 138 Japanese patients with Silver-Russell syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60105. [PMID: 23533668 PMCID: PMC3606247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have revealed relative frequency and characteristic phenotype of two major causative factors for Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), i.e. epimutation of the H19-differentially methylated region (DMR) and uniparental maternal disomy 7 (upd(7)mat), as well as multilocus methylation abnormalities and positive correlation between methylation index and body and placental sizes in H19-DMR epimutation. Furthermore, rare genomic alterations have been found in a few of patients with idiopathic SRS. Here, we performed molecular and clinical findings in 138 Japanese SRS patients, and examined these matters. Methodology/Principal Findings We identified H19-DMR epimutation in cases 1–43 (group 1), upd(7)mat in cases 44–52 (group 2), and neither H19-DMR epimutation nor upd(7)mat in cases 53–138 (group 3). Multilocus analysis revealed hyper- or hypomethylated DMRs in 2.4% of examined DMRs in group 1; in particular, an extremely hypomethylated ARHI-DMR was identified in case 13. Oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization identified a ∼3.86 Mb deletion at chromosome 17q24 in case 73. Epigenotype-phenotype analysis revealed that group 1 had more reduced birth length and weight, more preserved birth occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), more frequent body asymmetry and brachydactyly, and less frequent speech delay than group 2. The degree of placental hypoplasia was similar between the two groups. In group 1, the methylation index for the H19-DMR was positively correlated with birth length and weight, present height and weight, and placental weight, but with neither birth nor present OFC. Conclusions/Significance The results are grossly consistent with the previously reported data, although the frequency of epimutations is lower in the Japanese SRS patients than in the Western European SRS patients. Furthermore, the results provide useful information regarding placental hypoplasia in SRS, clinical phenotypes of the hypomethylated ARHI-DMR, and underlying causative factors for idiopathic SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fuke
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiro Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Miyoshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Muroya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Kondoh
- Division of Developmental Disability, Misakaenosono Mutsumi Developmental, Medical, and Welfare Center, Isahaya, Japan
| | - Chikahiko Numakura
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Seiji Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Municipal Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tayama
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamazawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Inbar-Feigenberg M, Choufani S, Cytrynbaum C, Chen YA, Steele L, Shuman C, Ray PN, Weksberg R. Mosaicism for genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy with features of multiple imprinting disorders: diagnostic and management issues. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 161A:13-20. [PMID: 23239666 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mosaicism for genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) has been reported in only seven live born individuals to date. Clinical presentation includes manifestations of multiple paternal UPD syndromes with high variability, likely due to the variable levels of mosaicism in different somatic tissues. We report an eighth case in a female patient with mosaicism for genome-wide paternal UPD which highlights the complex clinical presentation. Our patient had features of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), Angelman syndrome, and congenital hyperinsulinism. The clinical findings included prematurity, organomegaly, hemihyperplasia, developmental delay, benign tumors, and cystic lesions. The diagnosis in our patient was established utilizing microarray-based genome-wide DNA methylation analysis performed on leukocyte DNA. Targeted multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis of chromosome regions 11p15 and 15q13 confirmed mosaicism for paternal UPD at these genomic regions. This case represents the first report of microarray-based genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in the diagnosis of genome-wide paternal UPD. The application of microarray-based genome-wide DNA methylation analysis on selected individuals with complex clinical presentations could be a valuable diagnostic tool to improve the detection rate of mosaic genome-wide paternal UPD. This approach, which screens many loci simultaneously, is more cost-effective and less labor-intensive than performing multiple targeted DNA methylation-based assays. Identification of individuals with mosaicism for genome-wide paternal UPD is an important goal as it confers a low recurrence risk for the family and identifies individuals who require surveillance due to increased tumor risk.
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18
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Genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy mosaicism in a woman with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and ovarian steroid cell tumour. Eur J Hum Genet 2012. [PMID: 23188046 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) of single chromosomes is a well-known molecular aberration in a group of congenital diseases commonly known as imprinting disorders (IDs). Whereas maternal and/or paternal UPD of chromosomes 6, 7, 11, 14 and 15 are associated with specific IDs (Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, Silver-Russell syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), upd(14)-syndromes, Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman Syndrome), the other autosomes are not. UPD of the whole genome is not consistent with life, in case of non-mosaic genome-wide paternal UPD (patUPD) it leads to hydatidiform mole. In contrast, mosaic genome-wide patUPD might be compatible with life. Here we present a 19-year-old woman with BWS features and initially diagnosed to be carrier of a mosaic patUPD of chromosome 11p15. However, the patient presented further clinical findings not typically associated with BWS, including nesidioblastosis, fibroadenoma, hamartoma of the liver, hypoglycaemia and ovarian steroid cell tumour. Additional molecular investigations revealed a mosaic genome-wide patUPD. So far, only nine cases with mosaic genome-wide patUPD and similar clinical findings have been reported, but these patients were nearly almost diagnosed in early childhood. Summarising the data from the literature and those from our patient, it can be concluded that the mosaic genome-wide patUPD (also known as androgenic/biparental mosaicism) might explain unusual BWS phenotypes. Thus, these findings emphasise the need for multilocus testing in IDs to efficiently detect cases with disturbances affecting more than one chromosome.
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19
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Hoffner L, Surti U. The genetics of gestational trophoblastic disease: a rare complication of pregnancy. Cancer Genet 2012; 205:63-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Kearney HM, Kearney JB, Conlin LK. Diagnostic Implications of Excessive Homozygosity Detected by SNP-Based Microarrays: Consanguinity, Uniparental Disomy, and Recessive Single-Gene Mutations. Clin Lab Med 2011; 31:595-613, ix. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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21
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The consequences of uniparental disomy and copy number neutral loss-of-heterozygosity during human development and cancer. Biol Cell 2011; 103:303-17. [PMID: 21651501 DOI: 10.1042/bc20110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UPD (uniparental disomy) describes the inheritance of a pair of chromosomes from only one parent. Mechanisms that lead to UPD include trisomy rescue, gamete complementation, monosomy rescue and somatic recombination. Most of these mechanisms can involve aberrant chromosomes, particularly isochromosomes and Robertsonian translocations. In the last decade, the number of UPD cases reported in the literature has increased exponentially. This is partly due to the advances in genomic technologies that have allowed for high-resolution SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) studies, which have complemented traditional methods relying on polymorphic microsatellite markers. In this review, we discuss aberrant cellular mechanisms leading to UPD and their impact on gene expression. Special emphasis is placed on the unmasking of mutant recessive alleles and the disruption of imprinted gene dosage, which give rise to specific and recurrent imprinting phenotypes. Finally, we discuss how copy number maps determined from SNP array datasets have helped identify not only deletions and duplications but also recurrent copy number neutral regions of loss-of-heterozygosity, which have been reported in many cancer types and that may constitute an important driving force in cancer. These tiny regions of UPD also alter imprinted gene dosage, which may have cumulative tumourgenic effects in addition to that of unmasking homozygous cancer-associated mutations.
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22
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Lin J, Cole BL, Qin X, Zhang M, Kapur RP. Occult androgenetic-biparental mosaicism and sporadic hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2011; 14:360-9. [PMID: 21585278 DOI: 10.2350/11-03-0999-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma (HMH) is increased in patients with placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD), which appears to be caused by androgenetic-biparental mosaicism (ABM). We hypothesized that occult ABM might underlie cases of HMH with no known history of PMD. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HMH specimens from 10 such patients and liver specimens from 6 non-HMH controls were identified retrospectively from the surgical pathology records of a pediatric hospital. The relative abundance of maternal and paternal alleles was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification of polymorphic short tandem repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms located on 15 different chromosomes. Androgenetic-biparental mosaicism was diagnosed in one patient based on global allelic imbalances at all informative loci. In that patient, the greatest imbalances were observed in stroma-rich portions of the hamartoma, with no significant imbalance in histologically normal liver or epithelium-rich portions of the hamartoma. A retrospective, unbiased review of the histology and clinical records from all 10 patients revealed no morphologic or clinical correlates to distinguish the affected patient, except that she had multiple cutaneous hemangiomas, which like HMH, appear to be more common in patients with PMD. Our findings suggest that other patients with apparently sporadic HMH, hemangioma, or other lesions seen more frequently with PMD may harbor occult ABM. Recognition of ABM may be important because its long-term consequences are unknown but may be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Nakabayashi K, Trujillo AM, Tayama C, Camprubi C, Yoshida W, Lapunzina P, Sanchez A, Soejima H, Aburatani H, Nagae G, Ogata T, Hata K, Monk D. Methylation screening of reciprocal genome-wide UPDs identifies novel human-specific imprinted genes. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3188-97. [PMID: 21593219 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transfer experiments undertaken in the mid-80's revealed that both maternal and paternal genomes are necessary for normal development. This is due to genomic imprinting, an epigenetic mechanism that results in parent-of-origin monoallelic expression of genes regulated by germline-derived allelic methylation. To date, ∼100 imprinted transcripts have been identified in mouse, with approximately two-thirds showing conservation in humans. It is currently unknown how many imprinted genes are present in humans, and to what extent these transcripts exhibit human-specific imprinted expression. This is mainly due to the fact that the majority of screens for imprinted genes have been undertaken in mouse, with subsequent analysis of the human orthologues. Utilizing extremely rare reciprocal genome-wide uniparental disomy samples presenting with Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotypes, we analyzed ∼0.1% of CpG dinculeotides present in the human genome for imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using the Illumina Infinium methylation27 BeadChip microarray. This approach identified 15 imprinted DMRs associated with characterized imprinted domains, and confirmed the maternal methylation of the RB1 DMR. In addition, we discovered two novel DMRs, first, one maternally methylated region overlapping the FAM50B promoter CpG island, which results in paternal expression of this retrotransposon. Secondly, we found a paternally methylated, bidirectional repressor located between maternally expressed ZNF597 and NAT15 genes. These three genes are biallelically expressed in mice due to lack of differential methylation, suggesting that these genes have become imprinted after the divergence of mouse and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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