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Abstract
The growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) axis is the key regulator of longitudinal growth, promoting postnatal bone and muscle growth. The available data suggest that GH expression by tumour cells is associated with the aetiology and progression of various cancers such as endometrial, breast, liver, prostate, and colon cancer. Accordingly there has been increased interest in targeting GH-mediated signal transduction in a therapeutic setting. Because GH has endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine actions, therapeutic strategies will need to take into account systemic and local functions. Activation of related hormone receptors and crosstalk with other signalling pathways are also key considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo K Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 1023 Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, 1023 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zheng-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hichem C Mertani
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1052-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore; Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University Graduate School, Shenzhen, PR China.
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Genetic Variants in the Insulin-like Growth Factor Pathway and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14126. [PMID: 26381944 PMCID: PMC4585376 DOI: 10.1038/srep14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interrelationships between insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), hyperinsulinaemia, diabetes, and colorectal cancer (CRC) indicate involvement of IGFs in colorectal tumorigenesis. We investigated the CRC risk associated with 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9 genes related to the IGF pathway and an IGF1 19-CA repeat polymorphism. Variants were selected from literature and genotyped in toenail DNA from 3,768 subcohort members and 2,580 CRC cases from the Netherlands Cohort Study, which has a case-cohort design (n = 120,852). We used the follow-up period 1986–2002. Eighteen SNPs were unequivocally associated with selected endpoints in the literature and unfavorable alleles were aggregated into a genetic sum score. Cox regression showed that a higher genetic sum score significantly increased CRC risk at all subsites, except the rectum, in men (highest vs. lowest tertile: HR for CRC = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.65; P-trend = 0.002). Single SNPs (except the IGF1 SNP rs5742694) were not associated with risk. Models including the total number of IGF1 19-CA repeats showed CRC risk was halved at all subsites in women carrying <38 repeats but not >38 repeats (≤36 versus 38 repeats: HR for CRC = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.58; P-trend < 0.001). These findings support a role for variants in IGF-related genes in colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Gao CM, Ding JH, Wu JS, Cao HX, Li SP, Liu YT, Tang JH, Tajima K. Growth Hormone 1 T1663A Polymorphism, Recreational Physical Activity and BMI, and Breast Cancer Risk in Chinese Women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.13.5421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Simons CCJM, Schouten LJ, Godschalk R, van Engeland M, van den Brandt PA, van Schooten FJ, Weijenberg MP. Body size, physical activity, genetic variants in the insulin-like growth factor pathway and colorectal cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:971-81. [PMID: 26025909 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have been associated with growth, body size, physical activity and colorectal cancer (CRC). We hypothesized that variants in IGF-related genes increase the CRC susceptibility associated with a larger body size and a lack of physical activity. We assessed this in The Netherlands Cohort Study. Participants (n = 120852) completed a baseline questionnaire on diet and cancer. ~75% returned toenail clippings. Using a case-cohort approach and 16.3 years of follow-up, toenail DNA from 3768 subcohort members and 2580 CRC cases was genotyped. We aggregated unfavorable alleles (potentially increasing CRC risk) for 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 8 genes into a sum score. The sum score (in tertiles) and an IGF1 19-CA repeat polymorphism (19/19, 19/non-19 and non-19/non-19 repeats) in combination with body size (mostly in tertiles) and (non-)occupational physical activity (>12, 8-12 and <8 kJ/min in the job and >90, >60-90, >30-60 and ≤30 min/day) were analyzed by Cox regression. Increasingly higher hazard ratios (HRs) for CRC were observed for a larger adult body mass index, larger trouser size and tallness in the presence of more unfavorable alleles in men. HRs (95% confidence intervals) for joint effects were 1.55 (1.06-2.25), 1.78 (1.29-2.46) and 1.48 (1.01-2.17), respectively. In women, variant repeat alleles halved CRC risk irrespective of body size and physical activity. Almost no interactions tested significant. To conclude, a larger body size was a CRC risk factor in men in the presence of an accumulation of unfavorable alleles in IGF-related genes, but interactions were generally nonsignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C J M Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R Godschalk
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and
| | - M van Engeland
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F J van Schooten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Gao CM, Ding JH, Li SP, Liu YT, Cao HX, Wu JZ, Tang JH, Tajima K. Polymorphisms in XRCC1 Gene, Alcohol drinking, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Case-control Study in Jiangsu Province of China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:6613-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Gao CM, Ding JH, Li SP, Liu YT, Cao HX, Wu JZ, Tajima K. Polymorphisms in the Thymidylate Synthase Gene and Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:4087-91. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.4087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Wernli KJ, Newcomb PA, Wang Y, Makar KW, Shadman M, Chia VM, Burnett-Hartman A, Wurscher MA, Zheng Y, Mandelson MT. Body size, IGF and growth hormone polymorphisms, and colorectal adenomas and hyperplastic polyps. Growth Horm IGF Res 2010; 20:305-309. [PMID: 20580999 PMCID: PMC2918710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the risk of colorectal polyps in relation to body size factors and candidate polymorphisms in selected genes of insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) (rs5742612), IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) (rs2229765), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) (rs2854746) and growth hormone (GH1) (rs2665802). DESIGN Cases with colorectal adenomas (n=519), hyperplastic polyps (n=691), or both lesions (n=227), and controls (n=772), aged 20-74 years, were recruited from patients who underwent colonoscopy between December 2004 and September 2007 at a large integrated-health plan in Washington state. Subjects participated in a 45-minute telephone interview to ascertain body size and physical activity, and provided a buccal DNA sample for genetic analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable polytomous regression. RESULTS Compared to those of normal weight, higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with elevated risk of colorectal adenomas (OR=1.65, 95% CI 1.22-2.25 BMI>or=30 kg/m(2), p-trend=0.002) and both lesions (OR=2.15, 95% CI 1.43-3.22 BMI>or=30 kg/m(2), p-trend=0.003), but there was no relationship with hyperplastic polyps. Obesity at age 18 and a weight gain of >or=21 kg since age 18 were also significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenomas and both lesions, but not hyperplastic polyps. There was a reduced risk of colorectal adenomas (OR=0.63, 95% CI 0.42-0.94) and hyperplastic polyps (OR=0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9) associated with the homozygous variant genotype for GH1. Few meaningful results were evident for the other polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS There is an increased risk of colorectal adenomas and presence of both adenomas and hyperplastic polyps in relation to increasing body size. Some genetic variation in GH1 might contribute to a reduced risk of colorectal adenomas and hyperplastic polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Wernli
- Program in Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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