1
|
Yang HK, Kim HY, Kim JH, Hwang JM. Trochlear nerve agenesis in a patient with 18q22.2q23 deletion. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:4083-4085. [PMID: 38691274 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, 13620, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, 13620, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, 13620, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Min Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, 13620, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matsuo T, Hamasaki I, Kamatani Y, Kawaguchi T, Yamaguchi I, Matsuda F, Saito A, Nakazono K, Kamitsuji S. Genome-Wide Association Study with Three Control Cohorts of Japanese Patients with Esotropia and Exotropia of Comitant Strabismus and Idiopathic Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6986. [PMID: 39000095 PMCID: PMC11241339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Esotropia and exotropia in the entity of comitant strabismus are multifactorial diseases with both genetic and environmental backgrounds. Idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy, as the predominant entity of non-comitant (paralytic) strabismus, also has a genetic background, as evidenced by varying degrees of muscle hypoplasia. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted of 711 Japanese patients with esotropia (n= 253), exotropia (n = 356), and idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy (n = 102). The genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by Infinium Asian Screening Array. Three control cohorts from the Japanese population were used: two cohorts from BioBank Japan (BBJ) and the Nagahama Cohort. BBJ (180K) was genotyped by a different array, Illumina Infinium OmniExpressExome or HumanOmniExpress, while BBJ (ASA) and the Nagahama Cohort were genotyped by the same Asian array. After quality control of SNPs and individuals, common SNPs between the case cohort and the control cohort were chosen in the condition of genotyping by different arrays, while all SNPs genotyped by the same array were used for SNP imputation. The SNPs imputed with R-square values ≥ 0.3 were used to compare the case cohort of each entity or the combined entity with the control cohort. In comparison with BBJ (180K), the esotropia group and the exotropia group showed CDCA7 and HLA-F, respectively, as candidate genes at a significant level of p < 5 × 10-8, while the idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy group showed DAB1 as a candidate gene which is involved in neuronal migration. DAB1 was also detected as a candidate in comparison with BBJ (ASA) and the Nagahama Cohort at a weak level of significance of p < 1 × 10-6. In comparison with BBJ (180K), RARB (retinoic acid receptor-β) was detected as a candidate at a significant level of p < 5 × 10-8 in the combined group of esotropia, exotropia, and idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy. In conclusion, a series of GWASs with three different control cohorts would be an effective method with which to search for candidate genes for multifactorial diseases such as strabismus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Matsuo
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hamasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan (F.M.)
| | - Izumi Yamaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan (F.M.)
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan (F.M.)
| | - Akira Saito
- StaGen Co., Ltd., Tokyo 111-0051, Japan (S.K.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles: An Overview from Genetics to Management. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9111605. [DOI: 10.3390/children9111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) is a genetic disorder belonging to the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders and is characterized by nonprogressive restrictive ophthalmoplegia. It is phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous. At least seven causative genes and one locus are responsible for the five subtypes, named CFEOM-1 to CFEOM-5. This review summarizes the currently available molecular genetic findings and genotype–phenotype correlations, as well as the advances in the management of CFEOM. We propose that the classification of the disorder could be optimized to provide better guidance for clinical interventions. Finally, we discuss the future of genetic-diagnosis-directed studies to better understand such axon guidance disorders.
Collapse
|
4
|
Candidate Genes in Testing Strategies for Linkage Analysis and Bioinformatic Sorting of Whole Genome Sequencing Data in Three Small Japanese Families with Idiopathic Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158626. [PMID: 35955756 PMCID: PMC9369257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy is a major type of paralytic, non-comitant strabismus and presents vertical and cyclo-torsional deviation of one eye against the other eye, with a large vertical fusion range and abnormal head posture such as head tilt. Genetic background is considered to play a role in its development, as patients with idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy have varying degrees of muscle hypoplasia and, rarely, the complete absence of the muscle, that is, aplasia. In this study, whole genome sequencing was performed, and single nucleotide variations and short insertions/deletions (SNVs/InDels) were annotated in two patients each in three small families (six patients in total) with idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy, in addition to three normal individuals in one family. At first, linkage analysis was carried out in the three families and SNVs/InDels in chromosomal loci with negative LOD scores were excluded. Next, SNVs/InDels shared by the six patients, but not by the three normal individuals, were chosen. SNVs/InDels were further narrowed down by choosing low-frequency (<1%) or non-registered SNVs/InDels in four databases for the Japanese population, and then by choosing SNVs/InDels with functional influence, leading to one candidate gene, SSTR5-AS1 in chromosome 16. The six patients were heterozygous for 13-nucleotide deletion in SSTR5-AS1, except for one homozygous patient, while the three normal individuals were wild type. Targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing of PCR products confirmed the 13-nucleotide deletion in SSTR5-AS1. In the face of newly-registered SSTR5-AS1 13-nucleotide deletion at a higher frequency in a latest released database for the Japanese population, the skipping of low-frequency and non-registration sorting still resulted in only 13 candidate genes including SSTR5-AS1 as common variants. The skipping of linkage analysis also led to the same set of 13 candidate genes. Different testing strategies that consisted of linkage analysis and simple unintentional bioinformatics could reach candidate genes in three small families with idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Le Jeune C, Chebli F, Leon L, Anthoine E, Weber M, Péchereau A, Lebranchu P. Reliability and reproducibility of disc-foveal angle measurements by non-mydriatic fundus photography. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191007. [PMID: 29370195 PMCID: PMC5784919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abnormal torsion could be associated with cyclovertical strabismus, but torsion measurements are not reliable in children. To assess an objective fundus torsion evaluation in a paediatric population, we used Non-Mydriatic Fundus photography (NMFP) in healthy and cyclovertical strabismus patients to evaluate the disc-foveal angle over time and observers. Methods We used a retrospective set of NMFP including 24 A or V-pattern strabismus and 27 age-matched normal children (mean age 6.4 and 6.7 years respectively), taken during 2 distinct follow-up consultations (separated by 251 and 479 days respectively). Each disc-foveal angle measurement (from which the ocular torsion can be assessed) was performed by 5 different observers, using graphical software and based on reproducible fundus anatomical marks. Statistical analysis was performed with a multivariate ANOVA using group, time and observers as factors, in addition to intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) to assess measurement reproducibility. Results A significant difference of disc-foveal angle measures was observed between groups (p<0,001): 18.73° (SD = 6.42), -3,25° (SD = 5.51) and 6,89° (SD = 4,41) respectively for V-pattern, A- pattern and normal subjects. Neither observers (F = 0,2028 p = 0,9369) nor time between 1st and 2nd NMFP (F = 0,6312 p = 0,4271) seem to influence the measure of disc-foveal angle. The evaluation of disc-foveal angle was very reproducible between observers (ICC>0,97). Conclusion Abnormal amount of objective torsion could be associated with alphabet-pattern strabismus. Disc-foveal angle evaluation by NMFP in a children population appears as a non-invasive, reliable and reproducible method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Le Jeune
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Fayçal Chebli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Docteur Nekkache Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lorette Leon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Clinic of Ophthalmology (CNO), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Michel Weber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Péchereau
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Lebranchu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
- UMR 6004 CNRS, Image Perception and Interaction Team, Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Matsuo T. MGST2 and WNT2 are candidate genes for comitant strabismus susceptibility in Japanese patients. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3935. [PMID: 29062608 PMCID: PMC5649647 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Strabismus is a common condition with misalignment between two eyes that may lead to decrease of visual acuity, lack of binocularity, and diplopia. It is caused by heterogeneous environmental and genetic risk factors. Our previous research has identified new chromosomal susceptibility loci in 4q28.3 and 7q31.2 regions for comitant strabismus in Japanese families. We conducted a verification study by linkage analysis to narrow the chromosomal loci down to a single gene. METHODS From Japanese and U.S. databases, 24 rsSNPs and 233 rsSNPs were chosen from the 4q28.3 and 7q31.2 region, respectively, and were typed in 108 affected subjects and 96 unaffected subjects of 58 families with primary and non-syndromic comitant strabismus. Three major analytical methods were used: transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), TDT allowing for errors (TDTae), and linkage analysis under dominant and recessive inheritance. RESULTS The SNPs with significant P values in TDT and TDTae were located solely at the gene, microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (MGST2), on chromosome 4q28.3 locus. In contrast, significant SNPs were dispersed in a few genes, containing wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2 (WNT2), on chromosome 7q31.2 locus. The distribution of significant SNPs on the 7q31.2 locus showed that only the ST7 to WNT2 region in the same big haplotype block contained significant SNPs for all three methods of linkage analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that MGST2 and WNT2 are potential candidates for comitant strabismus in Japanese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama City, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pseudoamblyopia in Congenital Cyclotropia. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:1870290. [PMID: 28831303 PMCID: PMC5558671 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1870290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the effect of surgery on amblyopia and suppression associated with congenital cyclovertical strabismus. Methods The fixation pattern was investigated with microperimetry before and soon after surgery in ten consecutive children operated for congenital superior oblique palsy at the S. Martino Hospital, Belluno, Italy, between September 2014 and December 2015. Changes in visual performance in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and stereopsis between the day before and one week after surgery were also evaluated. No other amblyopia treatment has been administered during the time study. Results Surgical correction of the excyclodeviation in congenital SO palsy determined monocular and binocular sensory consequences: monocularly, in the cyclodeviated amblyopic eye, BCVA (0.46–0.03 LogMAR; p < 0.0001) and the fixation pattern improved, as demonstrated by microperimetry examination. Binocularly, stereopsis improved or emerged while suppression at the Worth four-dot test disappeared. Conclusions In the absence of further amblyopic factors such as coexisting constant vertical and/or horizontal deviation and anisometropia, the amblyopia encountered in congenital SO palsy may resolve soon after the surgical alignment. Therefore, it may be considered and defined “pseudoamblyopia.”
Collapse
|
8
|
Aoba K, Matsuo T, Hamasaki I, Hasebe K. Clinical factors underlying a single surgery or repetitive surgeries to treat superior oblique muscle palsy. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:166. [PMID: 25883889 PMCID: PMC4393405 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to know clinical factors underlying either a single surgery or repetitive surgeries, required to treat superior oblique muscle palsy. Retrospective review was made on 246 consecutive patients with idiopathic (n = 212) or acquired (n = 34) superior oblique muscle palsy who underwent surgeries in 8 years at one institution. Idiopathic palsy included congenital and decompensated palsies while acquired palsy included traumatic and ischemic palsies. Clinical factors, compared between groups with a single surgery (n = 203) and two or more surgeries (n = 43), were surgical methods, sex, age at surgery, horizontal, vertical, and cyclotorsional deviations, and stereopsis at near fixation. Inferior oblique muscle recession on paretic side was chosen in about 60% of the single-surgery and repetitive-surgery group as an initial surgery, followed by inferior rectus muscle recession on non-paretic side. The age at surgery was significantly older, vertical and cyclotorsional deviations were significantly larger in the repetitive-surgery group, compared with the single-surgery group (P = 0.01, P < 0.001, P = 0.02, Mann–Whitney U-test, respectively). The 95% confidence interval of vertical deviations was 15–17 prism diopters in the single-surgery group and 23–28 prism diopters in the repetitive surgery group. Significant differences in vertical deviations were replicated also in subgroups of patients with either idiopathic or acquired palsy. In conclusions, the 95% confidence interval of vertical deviations, determined by alternate prism and cover test, would be used as a common benchmark for predicting either a single surgery or repetitive surgeries, required to treat idiopathic and acquired superior oblique muscle palsy, in the process of obtaining the informed consent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Aoba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hamasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Hasebe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan ; Present address: Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School-Affiliated Kawasaki Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews and updates basic concepts, diagnosis and treatment of cyclotorsion. RECENT FINDINGS Cyclodeviation in congenital superior oblique palsy (SOP) seems to correlate with the extent of superior oblique muscle hypoplasia. Genetic polymorphisms such as PHOX2B polymorphism, considered to be risk factors for congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles, may play a role in SOP and consequently in cyclotorsion. Two components of the ocular tilt reaction, ocular torsion and tilt of subjective visual vertical, seem to share similar sites of impairment in the brainstem. Harada-Ito surgery continues to be the procedure of choice in patients with isolated cyclodeviation, evidencing better outcome if less than 10° of preoperative excyclotorsion and preoperative fusion exist. Ocular torsion is not infrequent in patients with intermittent exotropia, especially in the most exo-deviated eye, emphasizing a possible role in pathogenesis. A new device for the assessment of dynamic torsion during ocular counter roll response using after-image has been described. Similarly, a new method to measure objective ocular torsion using retinal arcade tilt as a reference has been proposed. Finally, torsional data transformation such as the sum of angles of excyclodeviation, rather than using the angle of excyclodeviation of the paretic eye, is becoming increasingly popular among studies on torsion. SUMMARY Exciting developments on ocular torsion have been described recently, and new ways to access and interpret ocular torsion have been devised as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Lemos
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|