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Flores-Opazo M, Kopinke D, Helmbacher F, Fernández-Verdejo R, Tuñón-Suárez M, Lynch GS, Contreras O. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors in physiological adipogenesis and intermuscular adipose tissue remodeling. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101277. [PMID: 38788527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a common pathological feature in various metabolic and health conditions and can cause muscle atrophy, reduced function, inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular issues, and unhealthy aging. Although IMAT results from fat accumulation in muscle, the mechanisms underlying its onset, development, cellular components, and functions remain unclear. IMAT levels are influenced by several factors, such as changes in the tissue environment, muscle type and origin, extent and duration of trauma, and persistent activation of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). FAPs are a diverse and transcriptionally heterogeneous population of stromal cells essential for tissue maintenance, neuromuscular stability, and tissue regeneration. However, in cases of chronic inflammation and pathological conditions, FAPs expand and differentiate into adipocytes, resulting in the development of abnormal and ectopic IMAT. This review discusses the role of FAPs in adipogenesis and how they remodel IMAT. It highlights evidence supporting FAPs and FAP-derived adipocytes as constituents of IMAT, emphasizing their significance in adipose tissue maintenance and development, as well as their involvement in metabolic disorders, chronic pathologies and diseases. We also investigated the intricate molecular pathways and cell interactions governing FAP behavior, adipogenesis, and IMAT accumulation in chronic diseases and muscle deconditioning. Finally, we hypothesize that impaired cellular metabolic flexibility in dysfunctional muscles impacts FAPs, leading to IMAT. A deeper understanding of the biology of IMAT accumulation and the mechanisms regulating FAP behavior and fate are essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies for several debilitating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Kopinke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, FL, USA; Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Laboratorio de Fisiología Del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Chile.
| | - Mauro Tuñón-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Chile.
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
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2
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Uchino T, Uchida M, Ito R, Fujie S, Iemitsu K, Kojima C, Nakamura M, Shimizu K, Tanimura Y, Shinohara Y, Hashimoto T, Isaka T, Iemitsu M. Effects of different exercise intensities or durations on salivary IgA secretion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05467-6. [PMID: 38634902 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine changes in salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) secretion at different intensities or durations of acute exercise. METHODS Twelve healthy untrained young males were included in randomized crossover trials in Experiment 1 (cycling exercise for 30 min at a work rate equivalent to 35%, 55%, and 75% maximal oxygen uptake [ V ˙ O2max]) and Experiment 2 (cycling exercise at 55% V ˙ O2max intensity for 30, 60, and 90 min). Saliva samples were collected at baseline, immediately after, and 60 min after each exercise. RESULTS Experiment 1: The percentage change in the s-IgA secretion rate in the 75% V ˙ O2max trial was significantly lower than that in the 55% V ˙ O2max trial immediately after exercise (- 45.7%). The percentage change in the salivary concentration of cortisol, an s-IgA regulating factor, immediately after exercise significantly increased compared to that at baseline in the 75% V ˙ O2max trial (+ 107.6%). A significant negative correlation was observed between the percentage changes in saliva flow rate and salivary cortisol concentration (r = - 0.52, P < 0.01). Experiment 2: The percentage change in the s-IgA secretion rate in the 90-min trial was significantly lower than that in the 30-min trial immediately after exercise (-37.0%). However, the percentage change in salivary cortisol concentration remained the same. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a reduction in s-IgA secretion is induced by exercise intensity of greater than or equal to 75% V ˙ O2max for 30 min or exercise duration of greater than or equal to 90 min at 55% V ˙ O2max in healthy untrained young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Uchino
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Reita Ito
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kojima
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakamura
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Tanimura
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shinohara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadao Isaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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3
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Thomas E, Ficarra S, Nakamura M, Paoli A, Bellafiore M, Palma A, Bianco A. Effects of Different Long-Term Exercise Modalities on Tissue Stiffness. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:71. [PMID: 35657537 PMCID: PMC9166919 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStiffness is a fundamental property of living tissues, which may be modified by pathologies or traumatic events but also by nutritional, pharmacological and exercise interventions. This review aimed to understand if specific forms of exercise are able to determine specific forms of tissue stiffness adaptations. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify manuscripts addressing adaptations of tissue stiffness as a consequence of long-term exercise. Muscular, connective, peripheral nerve and arterial stiffness were considered for the purpose of this review. Resistance training, aerobic training, plyometric training and stretching were retrieved as exercise modalities responsible for tissue stiffness adaptations. Differences were observed related to each specific modality. When exercise was applied to pathological cohorts (i.e. tendinopathy or hypertension), stiffness changed towards a physiological condition. Exercise interventions are able to determine tissue stiffness adaptations. These should be considered for specific exercise prescriptions. Future studies should concentrate on identifying the effects of exercise on the stiffness of specific tissues in a broader spectrum of pathological populations, in which a tendency for increased stiffness is observed.
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4
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Yoshiko A, Maeda H, Takahashi H, Koike T, Tanaka N, Akima H. Importance of skeletal muscle lipid levels for muscle function and physical function in older individuals. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:649-658. [PMID: 35839289 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle contains lipids inside (intramyocellular lipids, IMCL) or outside (extramyocellular lipids, EMCL) its cells. The muscle lipid content increases with age; however, the characteristics of IMCL and EMCL in older individuals are not well known. We aimed to examine the characteristics of skeletal muscle lipids by investigating their relationship with muscle function and physical functions. Seven elderly men and 16 elderly women participated. The skeletal muscle lipid content, including IMCL and EMCL, was measured in the vastus lateralis by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Isometric knee extension with maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and time-to-task failure for knee extension with 50% MVC were measured as muscle functions. The participants performed six physical function tests: preferred gait speed, maximal gait speed, Timed Up and Go, chair sit-to-stand, handgrip strength, and stand from the floor. The time to knee extension task failure had a significant relationship with the IMCL (rs = -0.43, P < 0.05), but not with the EMCL content. Significant relationships were confirmed in the EMCL content with the sit-to-stand (rs = -0.48, P < 0.05) and stand-from-the-floor (rs = 0.53, P < 0.05) tests. These findings indicated that muscle lipids are associated with muscle and physical functional performances in older individuals. Novelty: No relationship was confirmed between IMCL and EMCL in older individuals. Muscle endurance performance had a relationship with IMCL, but not with EMCL. Relationships between EMCL and physical functional tests (e.g., sit-to-stand and stand from the floor) were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Yoshiko
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Maeda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Koike
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriko Tanaka
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akima
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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5
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Otsuka Y, Yamada Y, Maeda A, Izumo T, Rogi T, Shibata H, Fukuda M, Arimitsu T, Miyamoto N, Hashimoto T. Effects of resistance training intensity on muscle quantity/quality in middle-aged and older people: a randomized controlled trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:894-908. [PMID: 35187867 PMCID: PMC8977953 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sarcopenia diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of low muscle quantity or quality under the 2018 revised definition by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Imaging methods [i.e. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioelectrical impedance analysis are tools to evaluate muscle quantity or quality. The present study aimed to investigate whether and how low-intensity and moderate-intensity resistance training improved both muscle quantity and quality measured by MRI, DXA, and segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (S-BIS) in middle-aged and older people. METHODS A single-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Community-dwelling people aged 50-79 years were randomly allocated to no exercise (no-Ex), low-intensity exercise (low-Ex), and moderate-intensity exercise (moderate-Ex) groups. Participants in the exercise groups performed resistance training for 24 weeks, with loads of 40% and 60% of one repetition maximum in the low-Ex and moderate-Ex groups, respectively. Cross-sectional area (CSA), lean mass, and muscle electrical properties on S-BIS were used to determine the effects of training interventions on muscle quantity and quality of the lower limbs. RESULTS Fifty participants (no-Ex 17, age 63.5 ± 8.5 years, women 47.1%; low-Ex 16, age 63.6 ± 8.1 years, women 50.0%; moderate-Ex 17, age 63.5 ± 8.3 years, women 52.9%) completed the 24 week exercise intervention. For the primary outcome, significant intervention effects were found in thigh muscle CSA on MRI between the moderate-Ex and no-Ex groups (+6.8 cm2 , P < 0.01). Low-Ex for 24 weeks only increased quadriceps CSA (+2.3 cm2 , P < 0.05). The per cent change of thigh muscle CSA (+7.0%, P < 0.01) after 24 week moderate-Ex was higher than that of leg lean mass on DXA (+2.3%, P = 0.088). Moderate-Ex for 24 weeks also improved S-BIS electrical properties related to muscle quantity and quality, including the intracellular resistance index (+0.1 cm2 /Ω, P < 0.05), membrane capacitance (+0.7 nF, P < 0.05), and phase angle (+0.3 deg, P < 0.05); their changes were positively correlated with that of thigh muscle CSA (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Resistance exercise with moderate intensity improved muscle quantity and quality measured by MRI and S-BIS, whereas that with low intensity only increased muscle quantity in middle-aged and older people. The comparisons among the responses to exercise between the assessment methods indicate the greater value of MRI and S-BIS to measure changes of muscle quantity and quality than of lean mass measured by DXA for assessing the local effects of resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Otsuka
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Maeda
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan.,Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Izumo
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Rogi
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Takuma Arimitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan.,Faculty of Health Care, Undergraduate Department of Human Health, Hachinohe Gakuin University, Hachinohe, Japan
| | - Naokazu Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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21st Century Advances in Multimodality Imaging of Obesity for Care of the Cardiovascular Patient. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 14:482-494. [PMID: 32305476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although obesity is typically defined by body mass index criteria, this does not differentiate true body fatness, as this includes both body fat and muscle. Therefore, other fat depots may better define cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk imposed by obesity. Data from translational, epidemiological, and clinical studies over the past 3 decades have clearly demonstrated that accumulation of adiposity in the abdominal viscera and within tissue depots lacking physiological adipose tissue storage capacity (termed "ectopic fat") is strongly associated with the development of a clinical syndrome characterized by atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia/glucose intolerance/type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and abnormal cardiac remodeling and heart failure. This state-of-the-art paper discusses the impact of various body fat depots on cardiometabolic parameters and CVD risk. Specifically, it reviews novel and emerging imaging techniques to evaluate adiposity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and CVD.
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7
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Park J, Choi Y, Myoenzono K, Yoshikawa T, Tagawa K, Isobe T, Saotome K, Sankai Y, Shimojo N, Maeda S. Effects of aerobic exercise training on the arterial stiffness and intramyocellular or extramyocellular lipid in overweight and obese men. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:302-308. [PMID: 31392903 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1649686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipid (EMCL) of ectopic fat in muscles are associated with arterial stiffness in normal-weight individuals. Furthermore, aerobic exercise training-induced changes in IMCL or EMCL content are related to a decrease in arterial stiffness in elderly people. Though arterial stiffness is strongly related with obesity, but the effects of aerobic exercise training on IMCL or EMCL content, with a particular focus on arterial stiffness, in obese individuals remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of aerobic exercise training on IMCL or EMCL content and arterial stiffness in obese individuals. First, in a cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between arterial stiffness and IMCL or EMCL content in 24 overweight and obese men. Secondly, we investigated the effects of aerobic exercise intervention on arterial stiffness and IMCL or EMCL content in 21 overweight and obese men. In the cross-sectional study, EMCL content was positively correlated with baPWV and β-stiffness index, whereas IMCL content was negatively correlated with baPWV. In the intervention study, there were no significant changes in baPWV, β-stiffness index, and IMCL and EMCL contents after aerobic exercise training. However, exercise-induced change in baPWV and β-stiffness index were positively correlated with changes in EMCL content. Moreover, the group of improvements in baPWV was only correlated significantly with reduced EMCL content. These results suggest that IMCL and EMCL contents may affect arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Park
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Youngju Choi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kanae Myoenzono
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaname Tagawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Isobe
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kousaku Saotome
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sankai
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobutake Shimojo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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8
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Hasegawa N, Fujie S, Horii N, Uchida M, Toyama Y, Inoue K, Sanada K, Hamaoka T, Iemitsu M. Aging-induced elevation in circulating complement C1q level is associated with arterial stiffness. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110650. [PMID: 31279001 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are candidate blood biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no consensus has been reached on the relationships between aging-induced secretion of cytokines and CVD risk. Complement C1q (C1q) secretion increases with aging, and C1q induces proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore, the secretion of C1q with aging may be a risk factor of CVD and reflect arterial stiffening and blood pressures. This study aimed to clarify whether aging-induced increase in serum C1q, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels are associated with arterial stiffness. One hundred twenty-seven healthy subjects participated in this study. Serum C1q, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV; arterial stiffness index) in middle-aged and older subjects (≥40 years) were significantly increased as compared with those in young subjects (<40 years; P < 0.05). The serum C1q, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels positively correlated with cfPWV (P < 0.05). Furthermore, C1q level contributed independently to the cfPWV variation after adjustment for 11 confounders. Moreover, serum C1q level is associated with cfPWV regardless of sex, but these relationships with TNF-α or IL-6 differed between sex. Importantly, cfPWV gradually increased from the age of 30 years, with simultaneous increase in circulating C1q level. However, TNF-α and IL-6 levels increased after age 50 years, later than the increase in C1q. These results suggest that serum C1q level may reflect the elevation of arterial stiffness that occurs with advancing age and has a potential as a novel biomarker of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuta Toyama
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan.
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9
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Asghar R, Chondronikola M, Dillon EL, Durham WJ, Porter C, Wu Z, Camacho-Hughes M, Andersen CR, Spratt H, Volpi E, Sheffield-Moore M, Sidossis L, Wolfe RR, Abate N, Tuvdendorj DR. Quantification of muscle triglyceride synthesis rate requires an adjustment for total triglyceride content. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:2018-2024. [PMID: 30131344 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d082321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramyocellular triglyceride (imTG) in skeletal muscle plays a significant role in metabolic health, and an infusion of [13C16]palmitate can be used to quantitate the in vivo fractional synthesis rate (FSR) and absolute synthesis rate (ASR) of imTGs. However, the extramyocellular TG (emTG) pool, unless precisely excised, contaminates the imTG pool, diluting the imTG-bound tracer enrichment and leading to underestimation of FSR. Because of the difficulty of excising the emTGs precisely, it would be advantageous to be able to calculate the imTG synthesis rate without dissecting the emTGs from each sample. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the ASR of total TGs (tTGs), a combination of imTGs and emTGs, calculated as "FSR × tTG pool," reasonably represents the imTG synthesis. Muscle lipid parameters were measured in nine healthy women at 90 and 170 min after the start of [13C16]palmitate infusion. While the measurements of tTG content, enrichment, and FSR did not correlate (P > 0.05), those of the tTG ASR were significantly correlated (r = 0.947, P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that when imTGs and emTGs are pooled, the resulting underestimation of imTG FSR is balanced by the overestimation of the imTG content. We conclude that imTG metabolism is reflected by the measurement of the tTG ASR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Asghar
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Maria Chondronikola
- Departments of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX
| | - Edgar L Dillon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - William J Durham
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Craig Porter
- Departments of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX
| | | | - Maria Camacho-Hughes
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Clark R Andersen
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Heidi Spratt
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Elena Volpi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | | | - Labros Sidossis
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Nicola Abate
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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10
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HASEGAWA NATSUKI, FUJIE SHUMPEI, HORII NAOKI, MIYAMOTO-MIKAMI ERI, TSUJI KATSUNORI, UCHIDA MASATAKA, HAMAOKA TAKAFUMI, TABATA IZUMI, IEMITSU MOTOYUKI. Effects of Different Exercise Modes on Arterial Stiffness and Nitric Oxide Synthesis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:1177-1185. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Hasegawa N, Fujie S, Horii N, Uchida M, Kurihara T, Sanada K, Hamaoka T, Iemitsu M. Aerobic exercise training-induced changes in serum C1q/TNF-related protein levels are associated with reduced arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R94-R101. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00212.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells, and body fat loss by aerobic exercise training promotes adiponectin secretion. Recently, C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (CTRPs) have been identified as novel adipokines and are paralogs of adiponectin, but the association between exercise training-induced reduction of arterial stiffness and circulating CTRPs levels remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether the reduction of arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults is associated with the change in serum levels of CTRPs induced by exercise training. A total of 52 middle-aged and older participants were randomly divided into two groups: a training group ( n = 26) and a sedentary control group ( n = 26). Participants in the training group completed 8 wk of aerobic exercise training (60–70% peak oxygen uptake for 45 min, 3 days/wk). The reduction of percent whole body fat, abdominal visceral fat area, and carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV) was significantly greater in the training group than in the control group ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the increase in serum adiponectin, CTRP3, and CTRP5 from baseline to 8 wk was significantly higher in the training group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). Additionally, the training-induced change in cfPWV was negatively correlated with the training-induced change in serum adiponectin, CTRP3, and CTRP5 levels ( r = −0.51, r = −0.48, r = −0.42, respectively, P < 0.05), and increased plasma nitrite/nitrate level by exercise training was correlated only with adiponectin levels ( r = 0.41, P < 0.05). These results suggest that the exercise training-induced increase in serum CTRPs levels may be associated with the reduction of arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Hasegawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kurihara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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