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Ren L, Konger RL. Evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ suppresses squamous carcinogenesis through anti-inflammatory signaling and regulation of the immune response. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1589-1601. [PMID: 31111568 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A variety of evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonists may represent a potential pharmacologic target in the prevention or treatment of skin cancer. In particular, recent reports suggest that PPARγ activation may exert at least some of its anti-neoplastic effects through the suppression of tumor promoting chronic inflammation as well as by strengthening antitumor immune responses. This activity is thought to occur through a distinct mode of ligand interaction with PPARγ that causes transrepression of transcription factors that are involved in inflammatory and immunomodulatory signaling. However, current thiazolidinedione (TZD)-type PPARγ agonists have significant safety concerns that limit their usefulness as a preventive or therapeutic option. Due to the relatively large ligand binding pocket of PPARγ, a diverse group of ligands can be seen to interact with distinct modes of binding to PPARγ, leading to the phenomenon of partial agonist activity and selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγM). This has led to the development of ligands that are tailored to deliver desired pharmacologic activity, but lack some of the negative side effects associated with full agonists, such as the currently utilized TZD-type PPARγ agonists. In addition, there is evidence that a number of phytochemicals that are currently being touted as antineoplastic nutraceuticals also possess PPARγ activity that may partially explain their pharmacologic activity. We propose that one or more of these partial agonists, SPPARγMs, or putative phytochemical PPARγ ligands could presumably be used as a starting point to design more efficacious anti-neoplastic PPARγ ligands that lack adverse pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Raymond L Konger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Fernández-Torras A, Duran-Frigola M, Aloy P. Encircling the regions of the pharmacogenomic landscape that determine drug response. Genome Med 2019; 11:17. [PMID: 30914058 PMCID: PMC6436215 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of large-scale drug sensitivity screens and genome-wide experiments is changing the field of pharmacogenomics, revealing molecular determinants of drug response without the need for previous knowledge about drug action. In particular, transcriptional signatures of drug sensitivity may guide drug repositioning, prioritize drug combinations, and point to new therapeutic biomarkers. However, the inherent complexity of transcriptional signatures, with thousands of differentially expressed genes, makes them hard to interpret, thus giving poor mechanistic insights and hampering translation to clinics. METHODS To simplify drug signatures, we have developed a network-based methodology to identify functionally coherent gene modules. Our strategy starts with the calculation of drug-gene correlations and is followed by a pathway-oriented filtering and a network-diffusion analysis across the interactome. RESULTS We apply our approach to 189 drugs tested in 671 cancer cell lines and observe a connection between gene expression levels of the modules and mechanisms of action of the drugs. Further, we characterize multiple aspects of the modules, including their functional categories, tissue-specificity, and prevalence in clinics. Finally, we prove the predictive capability of the modules and demonstrate how they can be used as gene sets in conventional enrichment analyses. CONCLUSIONS Network biology strategies like module detection are able to digest the outcome of large-scale pharmacogenomic initiatives, thereby contributing to their interpretability and improving the characterization of the drugs screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Fernández-Torras
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Duran-Frigola
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Patrick Aloy
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Hart C, Vogelhuber M, Hafner C, Landthaler M, Berneburg M, Haferkamp S, Herr W, Reichle A. Biomodulatory metronomic therapy in stage IV melanoma is well-tolerated and may induce prolonged progression-free survival, a phase I trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:e119-e121. [PMID: 26417987 PMCID: PMC5108438 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Vogelhuber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Landthaler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Haferkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Reichle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Jung KY, Samadani R, Chauhan J, Nevels K, Yap JL, Zhang J, Worlikar S, Lanning ME, Chen L, Ensey M, Shukla S, Salmo R, Heinzl G, Gordon C, Dukes T, MacKerell AD, Shapiro P, Fletcher S. Structural modifications of (Z)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione that improve selectivity for inhibiting the proliferation of melanoma cells containing active ERK signaling. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3706-32. [PMID: 23624850 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40199e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We herein report on the pharmacophore determination of the ERK docking domain inhibitor (Z)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione, which has led to the discovery of compounds with greater selectivities for inhibiting the proliferation of melanoma cells containing active ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Young Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Paulitschke V, Gruber S, Hofstätter E, Haudek-Prinz V, Klepeisz P, Schicher N, Jonak C, Petzelbauer P, Pehamberger H, Gerner C, Kunstfeld R. Proteome analysis identified the PPARγ ligand 15d-PGJ2 as a novel drug inhibiting melanoma progression and interfering with tumor-stroma interaction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46103. [PMID: 23049949 PMCID: PMC3458105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been originally thought to be restricted to lipid metabolism or glucose homeostasis. Recently, evidence is growing that PPARγ ligands have inhibitory effects on tumor growth. To shed light on the potential therapeutic effects on melanoma we tested a panel of PPAR agonists on their ability to block tumor proliferation in vitro. Whereas ciglitazone, troglitazone and WY14643 showed moderate effects on proliferation, 15d-PGJ2 displayed profound anti-tumor activity on four different melanoma cell lines tested. Additionally, 15d-PGJ2 inhibited proliferation of tumor-associated fibroblasts and tube formation of endothelial cells. 15d-PGJ2 induced the tumor suppressor gene p21, a G2/M arrest and inhibited tumor cell migration. Shot gun proteome analysis in addition to 2D-gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation of A375 melanoma cells suggested that 15d-PGJ2 might exert its effects via modification and/or downregulation of Hsp-90 (heat shock protein 90) and several chaperones. Applying the recently established CPL/MUW database with a panel of defined classification signatures, we demonstrated a regulation of proteins involved in metastasis, transport or protein synthesis including paxillin, angio-associated migratory cell protein or matrix metalloproteinase-2 as confirmed by zymography. Our data revealed for the first time a profound effect of the single compound 15d-PGJ2 on melanoma cells in addition to the tumor-associated microenvironment suggesting synergistic therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Paulitschke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silke Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Philipp Klepeisz
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Schicher
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Pehamberger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rainer Kunstfeld
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Guasch L, Sala E, Valls C, Mulero M, Pujadas G, Garcia-Vallvé S. Development of docking-based 3D-QSAR models for PPARgamma full agonists. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 36:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Youssef R, Hegazy RA, Fawzy MM, Abdel Halim DM, Nabil N, Sayed SS, Shaker OG. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, a possible culprit in mycosis fungoides: an immunohistochemical study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:1522-32. [PMID: 22112149 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It still remains debatable whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is pro- or antineoplastic, and its exact role in mycosis fungoides (MF) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This prospective comparative study aimed to investigate the expression of PPARγ in MF and compare it with psoriatics and controls in a trial to deduce its possible role in MF. Also, we tried to clarify the relation between PPARγ and Bcl-2 in MF. METHODS Twenty MF patients, 20 psoriatic patients and 20 controls were included. All participants underwent a skin biopsy, and immunohistochemical staining for both PPARγ and Bcl-2 were performed. Western blot analysis was performed for detection of both PPARγ and Bcl-2. RESULTS The mean area per cent of PPARγ measured in the MF patients (57.1217±9.502417) was significantly higher (P<0.001) when compared with that of both the psoriatics (2.989±1.723) and controls (35.9357±8.1789). The mean area per cent of Bcl-2 in MF patients (9.3763±6.6328) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of both the psoriatics (2.35±1.35) and the controls (0.73105±0.5302)]. Our results were confirmed using the western blot analysis. We detected a highly significant positive correlation between the PPARγ and Bcl-2 mean area per cents in all patients. In our MF patients, both parameters were also positively correlated with the age of the patient, duration and stage of MF (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggest a possible role for PPARγ in the pathogenesis of MF possibly through several mechanisms, one of which might be conferring upon the lymphoma cells, a survival advantage at least partially through up regulating Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Youssef
- Department of Dermatology, Kasr AlAini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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