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Stafford JM, Wyatt MD, McInnes C. Inhibitors of the PLK1 polo-box domain: drug design strategies and therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:65-81. [PMID: 36524399 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2159942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is a key regulator of mitosis and its overexpression is frequently observed in a wide variety of human cancers, while often being associated with poor survival rates. Therefore, it is considered a potential and attractive target for cancer therapeutic development. The Polo like kinase family is characterized by the presence of a unique C terminal polobox domain (PBD) involved in regulating kinase activity and subcellular localization. Among the two functionally essential, druggable sites with distinct properties that PLK1 offers, targeting the PBD presents an alternative approach for therapeutic development. AREAS COVERED Significant progress has been made in progressing from the peptidic PBD inhibitors first identified, to peptidomimetic and recently drug-like small molecules. In this review, the rationale for targeting the PBD over the ATP binding site is discussed, along with recent progress, challenges, and outlook. EXPERT OPINION The PBD has emerged as a viable alternative target for the inhibition of PLK1, and progress has been made in using compounds to elucidate mechanistic aspects of activity regulation and in determining roles of the PBD. Studies have resulted in proof of concept of in vivo efficacy suggesting promise for PBD binders in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy M Stafford
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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2
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Nardou K, Nicolas M, Kuttler F, Cisarova K, Celik E, Quinodoz M, Riggi N, Michielin O, Rivolta C, Turcatti G, Moulin AP. Identification of New Vulnerabilities in Conjunctival Melanoma Using Image-Based High Content Drug Screening. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061575. [PMID: 35326726 PMCID: PMC8946509 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that numerous similarities exist between the genomic landscapes of both conjunctival and cutaneous melanoma. Since alterations of several components of the MAP kinases, PI3K/mTOR, and cell cycle pathways have been reported in conjunctival melanoma, we decided to assess the sensitivity of conjunctival melanoma to targeted inhibition mostly of kinase inhibitors. A high content drug screening assay based on automated fluorescence microscopy was performed in three conjunctival melanoma cell lines with different genomic backgrounds with 489 kinase inhibitors and 53 other inhibitors. IC50 and apoptosis induction were respectively assessed for 53 and 48 compounds. The genomic background influenced the response to MAK and PI3K/mTOR inhibition, more specifically cell lines with BRAF V600E mutations were more sensitive to BRAF/MEK inhibition, while CRMM2 bearing the NRASQ61L mutation was more sensitive to PI3k/mTOR inhibition. All cell lines demonstrated sensitivity to cell cycle inhibition, being more pronounced in CRMM2, especially with polo-like inhibitors. Our data also revealed new vulnerabilities to Hsp90 and Src inhibition. This study demonstrates that the genomic background partially influences the response to targeted therapy and uncovers a large panel of potential vulnerabilities in conjunctival melanoma that may expand available options for the management of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Nardou
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Michael Nicolas
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Fabien Kuttler
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Katarina Cisarova
- Medical Genetics Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Elifnaz Celik
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (E.C.); (M.Q.); (C.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (E.C.); (M.Q.); (C.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (E.C.); (M.Q.); (C.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Alexandre Pierre Moulin
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.N.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Kressin M, Fietz D, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Modelling the Functions of Polo-Like Kinases in Mice and Their Applications as Cancer Targets with a Special Focus on Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1176. [PMID: 34065956 PMCID: PMC8151477 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) belong to a five-membered family of highly conserved serine/threonine kinases (PLK1-5) that play differentiated and essential roles as key mitotic kinases and cell cycle regulators and with this in proliferation and cellular growth. Besides, evidence is accumulating for complex and vital non-mitotic functions of PLKs. Dysregulation of PLKs is widely associated with tumorigenesis and by this, PLKs have gained increasing significance as attractive targets in cancer with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. PLK1 has proved to have strong clinical relevance as it was found to be over-expressed in different cancer types and linked to poor patient prognosis. Targeting the diverse functions of PLKs (tumor suppressor, oncogenic) are currently at the center of numerous investigations in particular with the inhibition of PLK1 and PLK4, respectively in multiple cancer trials. Functions of PLKs and the effects of their inhibition have been extensively studied in cancer cell culture models but information is rare on how these drugs affect benign tissues and organs. As a step further towards clinical application as cancer targets, mouse models therefore play a central role. Modelling PLK function in animal models, e.g., by gene disruption or by treatment with small molecule PLK inhibitors offers promising possibilities to unveil the biological significance of PLKs in cancer maintenance and progression and give important information on PLKs' applicability as cancer targets. In this review we aim at summarizing the approaches of modelling PLK function in mice so far with a special glimpse on the significance of PLKs in ovarian cancer and of orthotopic cancer models used in this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kressin
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Identification of Small Molecule Enhancers of Immunotherapy for Melanoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5688. [PMID: 32231230 PMCID: PMC7105471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecule based targeted therapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma hold promise but responses are often not durable, and tumors frequently relapse. Response to adoptive cell transfer (ACT)-based immunotherapy in melanoma patients are durable but patients develop resistance primarily due to loss of antigen expression. The combination of small molecules that sustain T cell effector function with ACT could lead to long lasting responses. Here, we have developed a novel co-culture cell-based high throughput assay system to identify compounds that could potentially synergize or enhance ACT-based immunotherapy of melanoma. A BRAFV600E mutant melanoma cell line, SB-3123p which is resistant to Pmel-1-directed ACT due to low gp100 expression levels was used to develop a homogenous time resolve fluorescence (HTRF), screening assay. This high throughput screening assay quantitates IFNγ released upon recognition of the SB-3123p melanoma cells by Pmel-1 CD8+ T-cells. A focused collection of approximately 500 small molecules targeting a broad range of cellular mechanisms was screened, and four active compounds that increased melanoma antigen expression leading to enhanced IFNγ production were identified and their in vitro activity was validated. These four compounds may provide a basis for enhanced immune recognition and design of novel therapeutic approaches for patients with BRAF mutant melanoma resistant to ACT due to antigen downregulation.
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Khalfaoui A, Chini MG, Bouheroum M, Belaabed S, Lauro G, Terracciano S, Vaccaro MC, Bruno I, Benayache S, Mancini I, Bifulco G. Glucopyranosylbianthrones from the Algerian Asphodelus tenuifolius: Structural Insights and Biological Evaluation on Melanoma Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1786-1794. [PMID: 30063349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two new glucopyranosylbianthrones (1 and 2) were isolated from the aerial part of the plant Asphodelus tenuifolius, collected in Southwest Algeria. The 2D structures of 1 and 2 were defined by NMR analysis, HRESIMS data, and comparison with literature data. The comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism and NMR data led to characterization of the ( M) and ( P) atropisomeric forms of the glucopyranosylbianthrones, asphodelins (1) and (2), respectively. The in vitro activities of these two metabolites were evaluated in human melanoma A375 cells, and both the compounds inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 20.6 ± 0.8 and 23.2 ± 1.1 μM, respectively. Considering their biological profile, an inverse virtual screening approach was employed to identify and suggest putative anticancer interacting targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Khalfaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physicochemical and Biological Analysis , University Mentouri Constantine , Route Ain ElBey , 25000 , Constantine , Algeria
| | - Maria G Chini
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Mohamed Bouheroum
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physicochemical and Biological Analysis , University Mentouri Constantine , Route Ain ElBey , 25000 , Constantine , Algeria
| | - Soumia Belaabed
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physicochemical and Biological Analysis , University Mentouri Constantine , Route Ain ElBey , 25000 , Constantine , Algeria
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Stefania Terracciano
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Maria C Vaccaro
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Ines Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Samir Benayache
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physicochemical and Biological Analysis , University Mentouri Constantine , Route Ain ElBey , 25000 , Constantine , Algeria
| | - Ines Mancini
- Department of Physics , University of Trento , Via Sommarive 14 , I-38123 Povo-Trento , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
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Branca M, Orso S, Molinari RC, Xu H, Guerrier S, Zhang Y, Mili N. Is nonmetastatic cutaneous melanoma predictable through genomic biomarkers? Melanoma Res 2018; 28:21-29. [PMID: 29194095 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer whose treatment and prognosis are critically affected by the presence of metastasis. In this study, we address the following issue: which gene transcripts and what kind of interactions between them can allow to predict nonmetastatic from metastatic melanomas with a high level of accuracy? We carry out a meta-analysis on the first gene expression set of the Leeds melanoma cohort, as made available online on 11 May 2016 through the ArrayExpress platform with MicroArray Gene Expression number 4725. According to the authors, primary melanoma mRNA expression was measured in 204 tumours using an illumina DASL HT12 4 whole-genome array. The tumour transcripts were selected through a recently proposed predictive-based regression algorithm for gene-network selection. A set of 64 equivalent models, each including only two gene transcripts, were each sufficient to accurately classify primary tumours into metastatic and nonmetastatic melanomas. The sensitivity and specificity of the genomic-based models were, respectively, 4% (95% confidence interval: 0.11-21.95%) and 99% (95% confidence interval: 96.96-99.99%). The very high specificity coupled with a significantly large positive likelihood ratio leads to a conclusive increase in the likelihood of disease when these biomarkers are present in the primary tumour. In conjunction with other highly sensitive methods, this approach can aspire to be part of the future standard diagnosis methods for the screening of metastatic cutaneous melanoma. The small dimension of the selected transcripts models enables easy handling of large-scale genomic testing procedures. Moreover, some of the selected transcripts have an understandable link with what is known about cutaneous melanoma oncogenesis, opening a window on the molecular pathways underlying the metastatic process of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Branca
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Orso
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberto C Molinari
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Haotian Xu
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Guerrier
- Department of Statistics and Institute for CyberScience, Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Statistics and Institute for CyberScience, Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nabil Mili
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Kaczorowski M, Borowiec T, Donizy P, Pagacz K, Fendler W, Lipinski A, Halon A, Matkowski R. Polo-like kinase-1 immunoreactivity is associated with metastases in cutaneous melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:819-826. [PMID: 28626898 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK-1) is one of the key regulators of cell cycle progression. Increased expression of PLK-1 was observed in several tumor types. METHODS We immunohistochemically assessed PLK-1 expression in neoplastic and stromal compartments of 96 cutaneous melanomas, and analyzed associations between PLK-1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS PLK-1 expression in cancer cells was not associated with basic clinical (eg, age, gender and tumor location) or histopathological (eg, Breslow thickness, mitotic rate and ulceration) parameters. However, increased PLK-1 was more frequent in tumors with concurrent regional nodal metastases and positive sentinel lymph node biopsy status. All primary tumors associated with co-existing distant metastases exhibited high PLK-1 expression in melanoma cells. Conversely, PLK-1 expression in stromal cells was more frequent in tumors without nodal metastases. PLK-1 expression in both compartments was not associated with survival. CONCLUSION PLK-1 expression is associated with metastatic potential in cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kaczorowski
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Borowiec
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology Centre, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Donizy
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Pagacz
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Artur Lipinski
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Halon
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology Centre, Wroclaw, Poland
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Boespflug A, Caramel J, Dalle S, Thomas L. Treatment of NRAS-mutated advanced or metastatic melanoma: rationale, current trials and evidence to date. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:481-492. [PMID: 28717400 PMCID: PMC5502949 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017708160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease course of BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1)-mutant melanoma has been drastically improved by the arrival of targeted therapies. NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)-mutated melanoma represents 15–25% of all metastatic melanoma patients. It currently does not have an approved targeted therapy. Metastatic patients receive immune-based therapies as first-line treatments, then cytotoxic chemotherapy like carboplatin/paclitaxel (C/P), dacarbazine (DTIC) or temozolomide (TMZ) as a second-line treatment. We will review current preclinical and clinical developments in NRAS-mutated melanoma, and analyze ongoing clinical trials that are evaluating the benefit of different targeted and immune-based therapies, either tested as single agents or in combination, in NRAS-mutant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Caramel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon-1 University, INSERM1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | | | - Luc Thomas
- Service de Dermatologie, CH Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, Cedex, France
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9
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Pathria G, Garg B, Garg K, Wagner C, Wagner SN. Dual c-Jun N-terminal kinase-cyclin D1 and extracellular signal-related kinase-c-Jun disjunction in human melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1221-1231. [PMID: 27145925 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activity of both c-Jun and cyclin D1 is deemed critical for melanoma cell proliferation. This functionality is corroborated by frequently elevated expression and activity of these proteins in human melanomas. Correspondingly, alleviating c-Jun and cyclin D1 function is vital to the success of antimelanoma therapeutics. OBJECTIVES To understand the role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway in melanoma cell proliferation and survival. METHODS The effect of JNK inhibitors SP600125 and JNK-IN-8 on the proliferation and survival of genetically highly representative human melanoma cell lines was studied in assays of proliferation and apoptosis. Changes in c-Jun and cyclin D1 protein and mRNA levels in response to JNK and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition were investigated through immunoblotting and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The effects of JNK and MEK inhibitors on cell-cycle distribution were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS We demonstrate the requirement of JNK signalling in melanoma cell proliferation and survival. While JNK inhibition suppressed the expression and activity of c-Jun, it failed to suppress cyclin D1 levels. Consistently with its inability to downregulate cyclin D1, JNK inhibition failed to induce G1 arrest. In contrast, the blockade of MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling, although unable to suppress c-Jun activity and expression, paradoxically abated cyclin D1 levels and triggered G1 arrest. This previously unreported dual disconnect between JNK-cyclin D1 and ERK-c-Jun levels was confirmed by concomitant JNK and BRAF inhibition, which suppressed both c-Jun and cyclin D1 levels and exhibited a heightened antiproliferative response. CONCLUSIONS Dual disjunction between JNK-cyclin D1 and ERK-c-Jun signalling forms the basis for further investigation of combined JNK and MAPK signalling blockade as a more effective therapeutic approach in human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pathria
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Garg
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Garg
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Wagner
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S N Wagner
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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RanBP3 Regulates Melanoma Cell Proliferation via Selective Control of Nuclear Export. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:264-74. [PMID: 26763446 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport has been shown as a potential anticancer target in various malignancies. However, the role of the most characterized chromosome region maintenance 1 cofactor ran binding protein 3 (RanBP3) in cancer cell biology has never been investigated. Utilizing a loss-of-function experimental setting in a vast collection of genetically varied melanoma cell lines, we observed the requirement of RanBP3 in melanoma cell proliferation and survival. Mechanistically, we suggest the reinstatement of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-Smad2/3-p21(Cip1) tumor-suppressor axis as part of the RanBP3 silencing-associated antiproliferative program. Employing extensive nuclear export sequence analyses and immunofluorescence-based protein localization studies, we further present evidence suggesting the requirement of RanBP3 function for the nuclear exit of the weak nuclear export sequence-harboring extracellular signal-regulated kinase protein, although it is dispensable for general CRM1-mediated nuclear export of strong nuclear export sequence-harboring cargoes. Rendering mechanistic support to RanBP3 silencing-mediated apoptosis, consequent to extracellular signal-regulated kinase nuclear entrapment, we observed increased levels of cytoplasmically restricted nonphosphorylated/active proapoptotic Bcl-2-antagonist of cell death (BAD) protein. Last, we present evidence suggesting the frequently activated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in melanoma as a potential founding basis for a deregulated post-translational control of RanBP3 activity. Collectively, the presented data suggest RanBP3 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in human melanoma.
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11
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Garg B, Pathria G, Wagner C, Maurer M, Wagner SN. Signal Sequence Receptor 2 is required for survival of human melanoma cells as part of an unfolded protein response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mutagenesis 2016; 31:573-82. [PMID: 27180333 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapy approaches in melanoma targeting have met with the development of resistance and tumour recurrence with a more aggressive phenotype. In a quest for alternative therapy targets, we had previously identified Signal Sequence Receptor 2 (SSR2) as a gene with high expression in a subgroup of human primary melanomas. Now we show that SSR2 exerts a prosurvival functionality in human melanoma cells and that high expression levels of SSR2 are associated with an unfavourable disease outcome in primary melanoma patients. Consistent with SSR's role in translocation of proteins from the ribosome across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, our data supports induction of SSR2 as a part of the ER stress response. This response included SSR2 upregulation upon development of therapy resistance to BRAF inhibitors, as well as the dependency of cell survival of BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells on SSR2. Complementary gain and loss of function data showed the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) to ER stress as an inducer of SSR2 via transcriptional regulation through X-Box Binding Protein 1s (XBP1s) and support an ER stress-UPR-Transcription Factor XBP1s-SSR2 response axis in human melanocytic cells. Together with its dispensability for survival in normal human cells, these data propose SSR2 as a potential therapeutic target in (therapy-resistant) human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavuk Garg
- Division of Immunology Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Gaurav Pathria
- Division of Immunology Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria, Present address: Biochemical-Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Christine Wagner
- Division of Immunology Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Margarita Maurer
- Division of Immunology Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Stephan N Wagner
- Division of Immunology Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria,
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12
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Xia Y, Li Y, Westover KD, Sun J, Chen H, Zhang J, Fisher DE. Inhibition of Cell Proliferation in an NRAS Mutant Melanoma Cell Line by Combining Sorafenib and α-Mangostin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155217. [PMID: 27152946 PMCID: PMC4859503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin is a natural product commonly used in Asia for cosmetic and medicinal applications including topical treatment of acne and skin cancer. Towards finding new pharmacological strategies that overcome NRAS mutant melanoma, we performed a cell proliferation-based combination screen using a collection of well-characterized small molecule kinase inhibitors and α-Mangostin. We found that α-Mangostin significantly enhances Sorafenib pharmacological efficacy against an NRAS mutant melanoma cell line. The synergistic effects of α-Mangostin and Sorafenib were associated with enhanced inhibition of activated AKT and ERK, induced ER stress, and reduced autophagy, eventually leading to apoptosis. The structure of α-Mangostin resembles several inhibitors of the Retinoid X receptor (RXR). MITF expression, which is regulated by RXR, was modulated by α-Mangostin. Molecular docking revealed that α-Mangostin can be accommodated by the ligand binding pocket of RXR and may thereby compete with RXR-mediated control of MITF expression. In summary, these data demonstrate an unanticipated synergy between α-Mangostin and sorafenib, with mechanistic actions that convert a known safe natural product to a candidate combinatorial therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Building 13th ST, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ying Li
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Building 13th ST, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Front Kangfu ST, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kenneth D. Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Building 13th ST, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Building 13th ST, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David E. Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Building 13th ST, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Spoerri L, Brooks K, Chia K, Grossman G, Ellis JJ, Dahmer-Heath M, Škalamera D, Pavey S, Burmeister B, Gabrielli B. A novel ATM-dependent checkpoint defect distinct from loss of function mutation promotes genomic instability in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:329-39. [PMID: 26854966 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanomas have high levels of genomic instability that can contribute to poor disease prognosis. Here, we report a novel defect of the ATM-dependent cell cycle checkpoint in melanoma cell lines that promotes genomic instability. In defective cells, ATM signalling to CHK2 is intact, but the cells are unable to maintain the cell cycle arrest due to elevated PLK1 driving recovery from the arrest. Reducing PLK1 activity recovered the ATM-dependent checkpoint arrest, and over-expressing PLK1 was sufficient to overcome the checkpoint arrest and increase genomic instability. Loss of the ATM-dependent checkpoint did not affect sensitivity to ionizing radiation demonstrating that this defect is distinct from ATM loss of function mutations. The checkpoint defective melanoma cell lines over-express PLK1, and a significant proportion of melanomas have high levels of PLK1 over-expression suggesting this defect is a common feature of melanomas. The inability of ATM to impose a cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage increases genomic instability. This work also suggests that the ATM-dependent checkpoint arrest is likely to be defective in a higher proportion of cancers than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Spoerri
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Kelly Brooks
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - KeeMing Chia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gavriel Grossman
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Jonathan J Ellis
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Mareike Dahmer-Heath
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Dubravka Škalamera
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sandra Pavey
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Bryan Burmeister
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Vu HL, Aplin AE. Targeting mutant NRAS signaling pathways in melanoma. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:111-116. [PMID: 26987942 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a devastating form of skin cancer and its incidence is increasing faster than any other preventable cancer in the United States. The mutant NRAS subset of melanoma is more aggressive and associated with poorer outcomes compared to non-NRAS mutant melanoma. The aggressive nature and complex molecular signaling conferred by this transformation has evaded clinically effective treatment options. This review examines the major downstream effectors of NRAS relevant in melanoma and the associated advances made in targeted therapies that focus on these effector pathways. We outline the history of MEK inhibition in mutant NRAS melanoma and recent advances with newer MEK inhibitors. Since MEK inhibitors will likely be optimized when combined with other targeted therapies, we focus on recently identified targets that can be used in combination with MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Linh Vu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Overcoming MITF-conferred drug resistance through dual AURKA/MAPK targeting in human melanoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2135. [PMID: 26962685 PMCID: PMC4823922 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) is a frequently amplified lineage-specific oncogene in human melanoma, whose role in intrinsic drug resistance has not been systematically investigated. Utilizing chemical inhibitors for major signaling pathways/cellular processes, we witness MITF as an elicitor of intrinsic drug resistance. To search kinase(s) targets able to bypass MITF-conferred drug resistance, we employed a multi-kinase inhibitor-directed chemical proteomics-based differential affinity screen in human melanocytes carrying ectopic MITF overexpression. A subsequent methodical interrogation informed mitotic Ser/Thr kinase Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) as a crucial regulator of melanoma cell proliferation and migration, independent of the underlying molecular alterations, including TP53 functional status and MITF levels. Crucially, assessing the efficacy of investigational AURKA inhibitor MLN8237, we pre-emptively witness the procurement of a molecular program consistent with acquired drug resistance. This involved induction of multiple MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway components and their downstream proliferation effectors (Cyclin D1 and c-JUN) and apoptotic regulators (MITF and Bcl-2). A concomitant AURKA/BRAF and AURKA/MEK targeting overcame MAPK signaling activation-associated resistance signature in BRAF- and NRAS-mutated melanomas, respectively, and elicited heightened anti-proliferative activity and apoptotic cell death. These findings reveal a previously unreported MAPK signaling-mediated mechanism of immediate resistance to AURKA inhibitors. These findings could bear significant implications for the application and the success of anti-AURKA approaches that have already entered phase-II clinical trials for human melanoma.
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16
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Chang C, Niu Z, Gu N, Zhao W, Wang G, Jia Y, Li D, Xu C. Analysis of the ways and methods of signaling pathways in regulating cell cycle of NIH3T3 at transcriptional level. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:25. [PMID: 26511608 PMCID: PMC4625951 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the ways and methods of signaling pathways in regulating cell cycle progression of NIH3T3 at transcriptional level, we modeled cell cycle of NIH3T3 and found that G1 phase of NIH3T3 cell cycle was at 5-15 h after synchronization, S phase at 15-21 h, G2 phase at 21-22 h, M phase at 22-25 h. RESULTS Mouse Genome 430 2.0 microarray was used to detect the gene expression profiles of the model, and results showed remarkable changes in the expressions of 64 cell cycle genes and 960 genes associated with other physiological activity during the cell cycle of NIH3T3. For the next step, IPA software was used to analyze the physiological activities, cell cycle genes-associated signal transduction activities and their regulatory roles of these genes in cell cycle progression, and our results indicated that the reported genes were involved in 17 signaling pathways in the regulation of cell cycle progression. Newfound genes such as PKC, RAS, PP2A, NGR and PI3K etc. belong to the functional category of molecular mechanism of cancer, cyclins and cell cycle regulation HER-2 signaling in breast cancer signaling pathways. These newfound genes could promote DNA damage repairment and DNA replication progress, regulate the metabolism of protein, and maintain the cell cycle progression of NIH3T3 modulating the reported genes CCND1 and C-FOS. CONCLUSION All of the aforementioned signaling pathways interacted with the cell cycle network, indicating that NIH3T3 cell cycle was regulated by a number of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Construction East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Zhipeng Niu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Construction East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Ningning Gu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Construction East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Weiming Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Construction East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Gaiping Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Construction East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Yifeng Jia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Construction East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Deming Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Construction East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Construction East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
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17
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Posch C, Cholewa BD, Vujic I, Sanlorenzo M, Ma J, Kim ST, Kleffel S, Schatton T, Rappersberger K, Gutteridge R, Ahmad N, Ortiz/Urda S. Combined Inhibition of MEK and Plk1 Has Synergistic Antitumor Activity in NRAS Mutant Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2475-2483. [PMID: 26016894 PMCID: PMC4567913 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
About one-third of cancers harbor activating mutations in rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) oncogenes. In melanoma, aberrant neuroblastoma-RAS (NRAS) signaling fuels tumor progression in about 20% of patients. Current therapeutics for NRAS-driven malignancies barely affect overall survival. To date, pathway interference downstream of mutant NRAS seems to be the most promising approach. In this study, data revealed that mutant NRAS induced Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) expression, and pharmacologic inhibition of Plk1 stabilized the size of NRAS mutant melanoma xenografts. The combination of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) and Plk1 inhibitors resulted in a significant growth reduction of NRAS mutant melanoma cells in vitro, and regression of xenografted NRAS mutant melanoma in vivo. Independent cell cycle arrest and increased induction of apoptosis underlies the synergistic effect of this combination. Data further suggest that the p53 signaling pathway is of key importance to the observed therapeutic efficacy. This study provides in vitro, in vivo, and first mechanistic data that an MEK/Plk1 inhibitor combination might be a promising treatment approach for patients with NRAS-driven melanoma. As mutant NRAS signaling is similar across different malignancies, this inhibitor combination could also offer a previously unreported treatment modality for NRAS mutant tumors of other cell origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Posch
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, 94115 San Francisco – USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, 02115 Boston – USA
- The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Juchgasse 25, 1030 Vienna – Austria
| | - BD Cholewa
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Dermatology, 7418 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 – USA
| | - I Vujic
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, 94115 San Francisco – USA
- The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Juchgasse 25, 1030 Vienna – Austria
| | - M Sanlorenzo
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, 94115 San Francisco – USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin – Italy
| | - J Ma
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, 94115 San Francisco – USA
| | - ST Kim
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, 94115 San Francisco – USA
| | - S Kleffel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, 02115 Boston – USA
| | - T Schatton
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, 02115 Boston – USA
| | - K Rappersberger
- The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Juchgasse 25, 1030 Vienna – Austria
| | - R Gutteridge
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Dermatology, 7418 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 – USA
| | - N Ahmad
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Dermatology, 7418 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 – USA
| | - S Ortiz/Urda
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, 94115 San Francisco – USA
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18
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Vera J, Raatz Y, Wolkenhauer O, Kottek T, Bhattacharya A, Simon JC, Kunz M. Chk1 and Wee1 control genotoxic-stress induced G2-M arrest in melanoma cells. Cell Signal 2015; 27:951-60. [PMID: 25683911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present report, the role of ATR-Chk1-Wee1 and ATM-Chk2-p53-p21 pathways in stress-induced cell cycle control is analysed in melanoma cells. Treatment of p53 wild-type melanoma cells with the genotoxic agent doxorubicin induces G2-M arrest, inhibitory phosphorylation of cell cycle kinase Cdc2 (CDK1) and enhanced expression of p53/p21. Wee1 inhibition under doxorubicin pulse-treatment reduces G2-M arrest and induces apoptosis. Inhibition of upstream kinase Chk1 under doxorubicin treatment almost completely abolishes stress-induced G2-M arrest and induces enhanced apoptosis. Interestingly, Chk1 inhibition alone even further increases apoptosis. While Chk1 inhibition alone almost completely abolishes G0-G1 arrest, combined treatment with doxorubicin re-establishes G0-G1 arrest. Moreover, Chk1 inhibition alone induces only a slight p53/p21 induction, while a strong induction of both proteins is observed by the combination with doxorubicin. These findings are suggestive for a particular role of p53/p21 in G0-G1, and Chk1 in G0-G1 and G2-M arrest. In line with this, the p53-mutant SK-Mel-28 melanoma cells do not mount a significant G0-G1 arrest under combined doxorubicin and Chk1 inhibitor treatment but rather show extensive apoptosis. Moreover, knockdown of p21 dramatically reduces stress-induced G0-G1 arrest under doxorubicin and Chk1 inhibitor treatment accompanied by massive DNA damage and apoptosis induction. Treatment of melanoma cells with an inhibitor of Chk2 upstream kinase ATM and doxorubicin almost completely abolishes G0-G1 arrest. Taken together, both Chk1 and Wee1 are mediators of G2-M arrest, while p53, p21 and Chk1 are mediators of G0-G1 arrest in melanoma cells. Combined treatment with chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin and Chk1 inhibitors may help to overcome apoptosis resistance of p53-proficient melanoma cells. But treatment with Chk1 inhibitor alone may even be more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Raatz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Ulmenstrasse 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tina Kottek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Animesh Bhattacharya
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Spartà AM, Bressanin D, Chiarini F, Lonetti A, Cappellini A, Evangelisti C, Evangelisti C, Melchionda F, Pession A, Bertaina A, Locatelli F, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Therapeutic targeting of Polo-like kinase-1 and Aurora kinases in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:2237-47. [PMID: 24874015 PMCID: PMC4111679 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) and Aurora kinases (AKs) act as key cell cycle regulators in healthy human cells. In cancer, these protein kinases are often overexpressed and dysregulated, thus contributing to uncontrolled cell proliferation and growth. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a heterogeneous malignancy arising in the thymus from T-cell progenitors. Primary chemoresistant and relapsed T-ALL patients have yet a poor outcome, therefore novel therapies, targeting signaling pathways important for leukemic cell proliferation, are required. Here, we demonstrate the potential therapeutic effects of BI6727, MK-5108, and GSK1070916, three selective inhibitors of PLK1, AK-A, and AK-B/C, respectively, in a panel of T-ALL cell lines and primary cells from T-ALL patients. The drugs were both cytostatic and cytotoxic to T-ALL cells by inducing G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis. The drugs retained part of their pro-apoptotic activity in the presence of MS-5 bone marrow stromal cells. Moreover, we document for the first time that BI6727 perturbed both the PI3K/Akt/mTORC2 and the MEK/ERK/mTORC1 signaling pathways, and that a combination of BI6727 with specific inhibitors of the aforementioned pathways (MK-2206, CCI-779) displayed significantly synergistic cytotoxic effects. Taken together, our findings indicate that PLK1 and AK inhibitors display the potential for being employed in innovative therapeutic strategies for improving T-ALL patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Maria Spartà
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Bressanin
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; National Research Council; Bologna, Italy
- Muscoloskeletal Cell Biology Laboratory; IOR; Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Department of Human, Social, and Health Sciences; University of Cassino; Cassino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; National Research Council; Bologna, Italy
- Muscoloskeletal Cell Biology Laboratory; IOR; Bologna, Italy
| | - Fraia Melchionda
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit ‘Lalla Seragnoli’; S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital; University of Bologna; Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit ‘Lalla Seragnoli’; S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital; University of Bologna; Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesú; Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesú; Rome, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna, Italy
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20
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Jalili A, Mertz KD, Romanov J, Wagner C, Kalthoff F, Stuetz A, Pathria G, Gschaider M, Stingl G, Wagner SN. NVP-LDE225, a potent and selective SMOOTHENED antagonist reduces melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69064. [PMID: 23935925 PMCID: PMC3728309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers and its incidence is increasing worldwide. So far there are no curable therapies especially after metastasis. Due to frequent mutations in members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, this pathway is constitutively active in melanoma. It has been shown that the SONIC HEDGEHOG (SHH)-GLI and MAPK signaling pathway regulate cell growth in many tumors including melanoma and interact with each other in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival. Here we show that the SHH-GLI pathway is active in human melanoma cell lines as they express downstream target of this pathway GLI1. Expression of GLI1 was significantly higher in human primary melanoma tissues harboring BRAFV600E mutation than those with wild type BRAF. Pharmacologic inhibition of BRAFV600E in human melanoma cell lines resulted in decreased expression of GLI1 thus demonstrating interaction of SHH-GLI and MAPK pathways. Inhibition of SHH-GLI pathway by the novel small molecule inhibitor of smoothened NVP-LDE225 was followed by inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in human melanoma cell lines, interestingly with both BRAFV600E and BRAFWild Type status. NVP-LDE225 was potent in reducing cell proliferation and inducing tumor growth arrest in vitro and in vivo, respectively and these effects were superior to the natural compound cyclopamine. Finally, we conclude that inhibition of SHH-GLI signaling pathway in human melanoma by the specific smoothened inhibitor NVP-LDE225 could have potential therapeutic application in human melanoma even in the absence of BRAFV600E mutation and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jalili
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (AJ)
| | - Kirsten D. Mertz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (AJ)
| | - Julia Romanov
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Wagner
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Kalthoff
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Stuetz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaurav Pathria
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Gschaider
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stingl
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan N. Wagner
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Pathria G, Wagner C, Wagner SN. Inhibition of CRM1-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport: triggering human melanoma cell apoptosis by perturbing multiple cellular pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2780-90. [PMID: 22832492 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Development of multiple drug resistance mechanisms in melanomas necessitates the identification of new drug targets, which when inhibited could impact multiple cellular pathways, thus circumventing potential resistance. By performing complementary DNA microarray analysis, we identified four key components of the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery-CRM1, RAN (RAN-GTPase), RANGAP1, and RANBP1-to be overexpressed in human melanoma metastases. Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) inhibition induced a marked depletion of prosurvival/cytoplasmic extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase1 and elicited persistent Erk-signaling hyperactivation. Consistently, CRM1 inhibition inflicted extensive apoptosis in melanoma cells while sparing nontransformed melanocytes and primary lung fibroblasts. Apoptosis required both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and was associated with a nuclear entrapment and downregulation of the antiapoptotic CRM1 target protein, Survivin. Apoptosis was preceded by a G1 cell-cycle arrest, and even though CRM1 inhibition mediated marked p53 and p21 induction in wild-type p53 melanoma cells, the latter's silencing or inactivation failed to alleviate apoptosis. Notably, CRM1 inhibition induced cell line-specific, G1 to S progression-retarding changes in the expression of multiple cell-cycle regulatory proteins, thus potentially explaining p53 dispensability. We propose CRM1 as a potential therapeutic target in human melanoma, whose inhibition induces loss of prosurvival/cytoplasmic Erk1/2, mediates persistent Erk hyperactivation, and initiates a multitude of cell context-dependent molecular events to trigger G1 arrest followed by massive apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pathria
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Seo YJ, Kim BS, Chun SY, Park YK, Kang KS, Kwon TG. Apoptotic effects of genistein, biochanin-A and apigenin on LNCaP and PC-3 cells by p21 through transcriptional inhibition of polo-like kinase-1. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:1489-94. [PMID: 22065906 PMCID: PMC3207053 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.11.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural isoflavones and flavones are important dietary factors for prostate cancer prevention. We investigated the molecular mechanism of these compounds (genistein, biochanin-A and apigenin) in PC-3 (hormone-independent/p53 mutant type) and LNCaP (hormone-dependent/p53 wild type) prostate cancer cells. A cell growth rate and apoptotic activities were analyzed in different concentrations and exposure time to evaluate the antitumor activities of genistein, biochanin-A and apigenin. The real time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to investigate whether the molecular mechanism of these compounds are involving the p21 and PLK-1 pathway. Apoptosis of prostate cancer cells was associated with p21 up-regulation and PLK-1 suppression. Exposure of genistein, biochanin-A and apigenin on LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cells resulted in same pattern of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The inhibition effect for cell proliferation was slightly greater in LNCaP than PC-3 cells. In conclusion, flavonoids treatment induces up-regulation of p21 expression, and p21 inhibits transcription of PLK-1, which promotes apoptosis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Seo
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyu Park
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ku Seong Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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