1
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Olukoga C, Samiei A, Borschel G, Kowal R. Hyperkeratotic Pigmented Plaques with Blaschkoid Distribution in a Child: Answer. Am J Dermatopathol 2024; 46:183-184. [PMID: 38354386 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Samiei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gregory Borschel
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Rachel Kowal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; and
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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2
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Zhao A, Wang Y, Jia N, Lu F, Pan C, Wu F, Cao Q, Li X, Wang X, Wang S, He W, Zeng Q, Huang H, Han J, Li M. Mosaic GJB2 mutations in widespread porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus: Report of two patients. J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38292003 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus (PAON) is a rare adnexal hamartoma characterized by keratotic papules following Blaschko's lines, typically located on the unilateral distal extremities. Cutaneous somatic GJB2 mutations have been linked to the pathogenesis of PAON. However, the genetic mechanism underlying bilateral or extended forms, which are less documented, remains unknown. In this study, we presented two cases of PAON with widespread cutaneous lesions and scalp involvement, and demonstrated the presence of GJB2 mosaic mutations in both patients. We further investigated the mosaic frequency in different tissues to gain insights into the mutation events contributing to the phenotype of widespread PAON. Our findings suggest that early postzygotic mutation causing mosaic GJB2 mutations may contribute to the widespread phenotype of PAON, thereby enriching the disease spectrum and mutation profile of PAON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jia
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangqi Lu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaolan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shucui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haisheng Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwen Han
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Chang Y, Yang H, Huang H, Lee JY, Hsu C. A possible role for second‐hit postzygotic
GJB2
mutation in porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus. J Dermatol 2022; 50:556-560. [PMID: 36478599 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) is a rare type of epidermal nevus involving the eccrine acrosyringia. It typically presents as asymptomatic linear keratotic papules and plaques along the lines of Blaschko and predominantly affects the extremities. This disease has recently been linked to somatic mutations within the GJB2 locus. Only four GJB2 mutations have been previously documented for PEODDN, and the underlying genetic basis remains inconclusive. Herein, we report an 18-year-old female with a hyperkeratotic plaque on the dorsa of the proximal interphalangeal joint of her right ring finger, as well as multiple small hyperkeratotic papules linearly distributed on the lateral sides of her fingers occurring since birth. Histopathological results revealed prominent parakeratotic cornoid lamella-like tiers at the opening of the eccrine secretory ducts. Whole-exome sequencing of the affected skin tissue revealed a heterozygous germline mutation and a postzygotic somatic mutation in GJB2. In summary, this study presents a case of PEODDN with compound heterozygous mutations in GJB2, which broadens the genetic spectrum of this disease entity and implies a possible role for second-hit mutations in the pathogenesis of PEODDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Han Chang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Education Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Hsing‐San Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Julia Yu‐Yun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chao‐Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR) National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
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4
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Castle AMR, Ramien ML, Kanigsberg N, El Demellawy D, McGowan-Jordan J, Beaulieu Bergeron M, Armour CM. Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus associated with an 11 megabase 3p deletion. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:107-111. [PMID: 34929758 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) is a rare eccrine hamartoma; the etiology is incompletely understood. A patient presented with congenital, widespread PEODDN. Clinical assessment, histopathologic, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic investigations on affected cells were pursued. Histopathology confirmed PEODDN, and chromosomal microarray on affected tissues identified a mosaic 3p26.3p25.3 deletion in affected tissues. This 11Mb deletion encompasses 47 OMIM genes. We propose that this and other chromosomal deletions may be implicated in some cases of PEODDN, suggesting locus heterogeneity and underscoring the importance of incorporating cytogenetic and molecular investigations into the multidisciplinary care of individuals with suspected mosaic genetic skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M R Castle
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele L Ramien
- Division of Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nordau Kanigsberg
- Division of Dermatology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dina El Demellawy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean McGowan-Jordan
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Beaulieu Bergeron
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M Armour
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Prenatal Screening Ontario (PSO), Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Cohen-Barak E, Mwassi B, Zagairy F, Danial-Farran N, Khayat M, Tatour Y, Ziv M. Parental mosaic cutaneous-gonadal GJB2 mutation: From epidermal nevus to inherited ichthyosis-deafness syndrome. J Dermatol 2021; 49:379-382. [PMID: 34889473 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ichthyosis and deafness syndrome is a group of devastating genodermatoses caused by heterozygous mutations in GJB2, encoding the gap junction protein connexin 26. These syndromes are characterized by severe skin disease, hearing loss, recurrent infections, and cutaneous neoplasms. Cutaneous somatic mutations in the same gene are associated with porokeratotic eccrine ostial dermal duct nevus. Here we report a family in which a parent presented with localized epidermal nevus and his child suffered with hystrix-like ichthyosis with deafness. Histologic examination of the parent's cutaneous lesion revealed verrucous epidermal nevus without features of porokeratotic eccrine ostial dermal duct nevus. Genetic analysis identified the same pathogenic variant, GJB2 c.148G>A (p.D50N), in DNA extracted from the parent's cutaneous lesion and the child's leukocytes, but not in the parent's leukocytes. This study expands the phenotypic heterogeneity of GJB2 mosaic variants in addition to porokeratotic eccrine ostial dermal duct nevus, and emphasizes the importance of molecular diagnosis of mosaic skin diseases considering the risk of severe inherited diseases in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Cohen-Barak
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel.,Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bannan Mwassi
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel.,Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fadia Zagairy
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Morad Khayat
- The Genetic Institute, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Yasmin Tatour
- The Genetic Institute, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Michael Ziv
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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6
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Abstract
This article reviews the clinical findings of epidermal nevi and their associated syndromes and provides an update on their pathogenic genetic changes as well as targeted therapies detailed to date.
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7
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Gap Junction Channelopathies and Calmodulinopathies. Do Disease-Causing Calmodulin Mutants Affect Direct Cell-Cell Communication? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179169. [PMID: 34502077 PMCID: PMC8431743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cloning of connexins cDNA opened the way to the field of gap junction channelopathies. Thus far, at least 35 genetic diseases, resulting from mutations of 11 different connexin genes, are known to cause numerous structural and functional defects in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as in the heart, skin, eyes, teeth, ears, bone, hair, nails and lymphatic system. While all of these diseases are due to connexin mutations, minimal attention has been paid to the potential diseases of cell–cell communication caused by mutations of Cx-associated molecules. An important Cx accessory protein is calmodulin (CaM), which is the major regulator of gap junction channel gating and a molecule relevant to gap junction formation. Recently, diseases caused by CaM mutations (calmodulinopathies) have been identified, but thus far calmodulinopathy studies have not considered the potential effect of CaM mutations on gap junction function. The major goal of this review is to raise awareness on the likely role of CaM mutations in defects of gap junction mediated cell communication. Our studies have demonstrated that certain CaM mutants affect gap junction channel gating or expression, so it would not be surprising to learn that CaM mutations known to cause diseases also affect cell communication mediated by gap junction channels.
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8
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Alenezi AK, Al-Sabah H, Attia AF, Nanda A. Linear hyperkeratotic spiny plaques in a child. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:691-693. [PMID: 34224618 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed F Attia
- As'ad Al-Hamad Dermatology Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Arti Nanda
- As'ad Al-Hamad Dermatology Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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9
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Kwon BR, Kim R, Byun JY, Choi YW, Choi HY, Lee MY. A case of porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus misdiagnosed as wart. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:1092-1094. [PMID: 33768788 PMCID: PMC7981734 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus may be misdiagnosed as wart based on clinical appearance and morphology. An accurate diagnosis through skin biopsy is crucial, as is the inclusion of rare disorders such as porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Kwon
- Department of DermatologyEwha Womans University Seoul HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Rosa Kim
- Department of DermatologyEwha Womans University Seoul HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Ji Yeon Byun
- Department of DermatologyEwha Womans University Seoul HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - You Won Choi
- Department of DermatologyEwha Womans University Seoul HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Hae Young Choi
- Department of DermatologyEwha Womans University Seoul HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of DermatologyEwha Womans University Seoul HospitalSeoulKorea
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10
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Albuloushi A, Lovgren ML, Steel A, Yeoh Y, Waters A, Zamiri M, Martin PE. A heterozygous mutation in GJB2 (Cx26F142L) associated with deafness and recurrent skin rashes results in connexin assembly deficiencies. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:970-979. [PMID: 32866991 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in GJB2 encoding Connexin 26 (CX26) are associated with hearing loss and hyperproliferative skin disorders of differing severity including keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) and Vohwinkel syndrome. A 6-year-old Caucasian girl who presented with recurrent skin rashes and sensorineural hearing loss harboured a heterozygous point mutation in GJB2 (c.424T > C; p.F142L). To characterize the impact of CX26F142L on cellular events. Plasmids CX26WT, CX26F142L, CX26G12R (KID) or CX26D66H (Vohwinkel) were transfected into HeLa cells expressing Cx26 or Cx43 or into HaCaT cells, a model keratinocyte cell line. Confocal microscopy determined protein localization. MTT assays assessed cell viability in the presence or absence of carbenoxolone, a connexin-channel blocker. Co-immunoprecipitation/Western blot analysis determined Cx43:Cx26 interactions. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assessed changes in gene expression of ER stress markers. Dye uptake assays determined Connexin-channel functionality. F142L and G12R were restricted to perinuclear areas. Collapse of the microtubule network, rescued by co-treatment with paclitaxel, occurred. ER stress was not involved. Cell viability was reduced in cells expressing F142L and G12R but not D66H. Unlike G12R that forms "leaky" hemichannels, F142L had restricted permeability. Cell viability of F142L and G12R transfected cells was greater in HeLa cells expressing Cx43 than in native Cx-free HeLa cells. Co-immunoprecipitation suggested a possible interaction between Cx43 and the three mutations. Expression of CX26F142L and G12R results in microtubule collapse, rescued by interaction with Cx43. The GJB2 mutations interacted with Cx43 suggesting that unique Cx43:Cx26 channels are central to the diverse phenotype of CX26 skin-related channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Albuloushi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Lovgren
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, UK.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ainsley Steel
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yeelon Yeoh
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex Waters
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - Mozheh Zamiri
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Patricia E Martin
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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11
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Martínez-Glez V, Tenorio J, Nevado J, Gordo G, Rodríguez-Laguna L, Feito M, de Lucas R, Pérez-Jurado LA, Ruiz Pérez VL, Torrelo A, Spinner NB, Happle R, Biesecker LG, Lapunzina P. A six-attribute classification of genetic mosaicism. Genet Med 2020; 22:1743-1757. [PMID: 32661356 PMCID: PMC8581815 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosaicism denotes an individual who has at least two populations of cells with distinct genotypes that are derived from a single fertilized egg. Genetic variation among the cell lines can involve whole chromosomes, structural or copy number variants, small or single nucleotide variants, or epigenetic variants. The mutational events that underlie mosaic variants occur during mitotic cell divisions after fertilization and zygote formation. The initiating mutational event can occur in any types of cell at any time in development, leading to enormous variation in the distribution and phenotypic effect of mosaicism. A number of classification proposals have been put forward to classify genetic mosaicism into categories based on the location, pattern, and mechanisms of the disease. We here propose a new classification of genetic mosaicism that considers the affected tissue, the pattern and distribution of the mosaicism, the pathogenicity of the variant, the direction of the change (benign to pathogenic vs. pathogenic to benign), and the postzygotic mutational mechanism. The accurate and comprehensive categorization and subtyping of mosaicisms is important and has potential clinical utility to define the natural history of these disorders, tailor follow-up frequency and interventions, estimate recurrence risks, and guide therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Martínez-Glez
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jair Tenorio
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julián Nevado
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gema Gordo
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Rodríguez-Laguna
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Feito
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl de Lucas
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia Medical and Health Research Institute (SAHMRI) and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Víctor L Ruiz Pérez
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Torrelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy B Spinner
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicines at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rudolf Happle
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium.
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12
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Agrawal R, Karanovic S, Gee BC, Carr RA. A pruritic hyperkeratotic plaque on the foot of a 35-year-old woman. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:771-774. [PMID: 32320098 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Agrawal
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK
| | - S Karanovic
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK
| | - B C Gee
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK
| | - R A Carr
- Department of, Pathology, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK
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13
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Abstract
Genodermatoses are inherited disorders presenting with cutaneous manifestations with or without the involvement of other systems. The majority of these disorders, particularly in cases that present with a cutaneous patterning, may be explained in the context of genetic mosaicism. Despite the barriers to the genetic analysis of mosaic disorders, next-generation sequencing has led to a substantial progress in understanding their pathogenesis, which has significant implications for the clinical management and genetic counseling. Advances in paired and deep sequencing technologies in particular have made the study of mosaic disorders more feasible. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic mosaicism as well as mosaic cutaneous disorders and the techniques required to study them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Cheraghlou
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Young Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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14
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Bishnoi A, Thakur V, Madakshira MG, Vinay K. Ipsilateral linear genital plaque and plantar pits in a girl. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37:373-374. [PMID: 32196739 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Bishnoi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Thakur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Gopal Madakshira
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Keshavamurthy Vinay
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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15
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André NF, Canato M, Zanatta DA, Werner B, Carvalho VO. Hyperkeratotic papules following Blaschko lines in a 4-year-old boy. Pediatr Dermatol 2019; 36:e120-e121. [PMID: 31778565 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nara Frota André
- Pediatric Dermatology at Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Canato
- Pediatric Dermatology at Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Danielle Arake Zanatta
- Pediatric Dermatology at Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Betina Werner
- Medical Pathology at Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vânia Oliveira Carvalho
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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16
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Stylianaki EA, Karpouzis A, Tripsianis G, Veletza S. Assessment of Gap Junction Protein Beta-2 rs3751385 Gene Polymorphism in Psoriasis Vulgaris. J Clin Med Res 2019; 11:642-650. [PMID: 31523338 PMCID: PMC6731047 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gap junction protein beta 2 (GJB2) upregulation in psoriasis transcriptome analysis as well as connexin 26 (Cx26, encoded by GJB2) expression upregulation in psoriatic plaques has already been substantiated. GJB2 rs72474224 and rs3751385 have been correlated with psoriasis vulgaris incidence in Chinese populations. Here we study the effect of rs3751385 in patients suffering from psoriasis vulgaris in a Caucasian Greek population at the prefecture of Thrace in Northern Greece. Methods One hundred and seventy-three (111 males and 62 females) psoriatic patients (108 were of early-onset psoriasis) and 171 matched controls were included in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results A statistically significant lower frequency of C/T genotype in late-onset male psoriasis vulgaris (P = 0.029) as well as of T allele in female early-onset psoriasis vulgaris (P = 0.049) were ascertained. Conclusions On condition that all other genetic or environmental factors remain stable, the existence and possible interaction between GJB2 rs3751385 C and T alleles in male psoriatic patients may be considered as protective gene component against late-onset psoriasis appearance, while presence of the T allele in female might block the histogenetic mechanisms of early-onset psoriasis lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli-Anna Stylianaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anthony Karpouzis
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Gregory Tripsianis
- Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stavroula Veletza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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17
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Inner Ear Connexin Channels: Roles in Development and Maintenance of Cochlear Function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a033233. [PMID: 30181354 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Connexin 26 and connexin 30 are the prevailing isoforms in the epithelial and connective tissue gap junction systems of the developing and mature cochlea. The most frequently encountered variants of the genes that encode these connexins, which are transcriptionally coregulated, determine complete loss of protein function and are the predominant cause of prelingual hereditary deafness. Reducing connexin 26 expression by Cre/loxP recombination in the inner ear of adult mice results in a decreased endocochlear potential, increased hearing thresholds, and loss of >90% of outer hair cells, indicating that this connexin is essential for maintenance of cochlear function. In the developing cochlea, connexins are necessary for intercellular calcium signaling activity. Ribbon synapses and basolateral membrane currents fail to mature in inner hair cells of mice that are born with reduced connexin expression, even though hair cells do not express any connexin. In contrast, pannexin 1, an alternative mediator of intercellular signaling, is dispensable for hearing acquisition and auditory function.
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18
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Chowdhary B, Sharma A, Mahajan VK. Porokeratotic Eccrine Ostial and Dermal Duct Nevus and Porokeratotic Eccrine and Hair Follicle Nevus: Is Nomenclature "Porokeratotic Adnexal Ostial Nevus" More Appropriate? Indian Dermatol Online J 2019; 10:478-480. [PMID: 31334079 PMCID: PMC6615371 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_341_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Chowdhary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram K Mahajan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
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19
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Vahabi-Amlashi S, Tayyebi Meibodi N, Feli S, Taghavi F. Progressive late-onset porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct naevus. Australas J Dermatol 2019; 60:e333-e334. [PMID: 30989652 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Vahabi-Amlashi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naser Tayyebi Meibodi
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahab Feli
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Taghavi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Has C, Küsel J, Happle R, Steinke H, Technau-Hafsi K, Fischer J. Extending the phenotypic spectrum associated with mosaicism for GJB2 mutations. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:623-624. [PMID: 30816995 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Küsel
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Happle
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Steinke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Technau-Hafsi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Fischer
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Youssefian L, Vahidnezhad H, Saeidian AH, Mahmoudi H, Karamzadeh R, Kariminejad A, Huang J, Li L, Jannace TF, Fortina P, Zeinali S, White TW, Uitto J. A novel autosomal recessive GJB2-associated disorder: Ichthyosis follicularis, bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss, and punctate palmoplantar keratoderma. Hum Mutat 2018; 40:217-229. [PMID: 30431684 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ichthyosis follicularis, a distinct cutaneous entity reported in combination with atrichia, and photophobia has been associated with mutations in MBTPS2. We sought the genetic cause of a novel syndrome of ichthyosis follicularis, bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss and punctate palmoplantar keratoderma in two families. We performed whole exome sequencing on three patients from two families. The pathogenicity and consequences of mutations were studied in the Xenopus oocyte expression system and by molecular modeling analysis. Compound heterozygous mutations in the GJB2 gene were discovered: a pathogenic c.526A>G; p.Asn176Asp, and a common frameshift mutation, c.35delG; p.Gly12Valfs*2. The p.Asn176Asp missense mutation was demonstrated to significantly reduce the cell-cell gap junction channel activity and increase the nonjunctional hemichannel activity in the Xenopus oocyte expression system. Molecular modeling analyses of the mutant Cx26 protein revealed significant changes in the structural characteristics and electrostatic potential of the Cx26, either in hemichannel or gap junction conformation. Thus, association of a new syndrome of an autosomal recessive disorder of ichthyosis follicularis, bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss and punctate palmoplantar keratoderma with mutations in GJB2, expands the phenotypic spectrum of the GJB2-associated disorders. The findings attest to the complexity of the clinical consequences of different mutations in GJB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology PhD Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology PhD Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Karamzadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jianhe Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Thomas F Jannace
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas W White
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Petkiewicz S, Baltz J, Cornejo K, Deng A, Wiss K. Widespread presentation and spontaneous regression of porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus. JAAD Case Rep 2018; 4:972-975. [PMID: 30406170 PMCID: PMC6214893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Petkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
- Correspondence to: Stephanie Petkiewicz, MD, CM, PhD, FRCPC, Pathologist, The Ottawa Hospital, 4th Floor CCW, Room W4223, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6.
| | - Julia Baltz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Healthcare, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Kristine Cornejo
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Healthcare, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - April Deng
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Healthcare, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Karen Wiss
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Healthcare, Worcester, Massachusetts
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23
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Garcias-Ladaria J, Cuadrado Rosón M, Pascual-López M. Nevus epidérmicos y síndromes relacionados. Parte 2: Nevus derivados de estructuras anexiales. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2018; 109:687-698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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24
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Garcias-Ladaria J, Cuadrado Rosón M, Pascual-López M. Epidermal Nevi and Related Syndromes —Part 2: Nevi Derived from Adnexal Structures. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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Li Y, Wang Y, Lin Z. Linear Keratotic Lesions in a Young Woman. JAMA Dermatol 2018; 154:1078-1079. [PMID: 29800006 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
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26
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Abstract
Knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of many epidermal nevi and epidermal nevus syndrome has expanded rapidly in recent years. In this review and update on epidermal nevus syndrome, we will cover recent genetic discoveries involving epidermal nevi, including nevus sebaceus, keratinocytic epidermal nevus, nevus comedonicus, congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects syndrome, phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica, Becker's nevus, porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus, inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevi, and cutaneous-skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome. We will discuss how newly defined mutations relate to the biology reflected in the cutaneous patterns seen in these mosaic disorders and how new molecular data has informed our understanding of these diseases and shaped management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Asch
- Department of Dermatology, HealthPartners and Park Nicollet Medical Groups, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Sugarman
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, Santa Rosa, CA, USA.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Patra
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudheer Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Bhari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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28
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Agulló-Pérez AD, Resano-Abarzuza MÁ, Córdoba-Iturriagagoitia A, Yanguas-Bayona JI. Porokeratotic eccrine and hair follicle nevus: a report of two cases and review of the literature. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 92:121-125. [PMID: 29267468 PMCID: PMC5726699 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Porokeratotic eccrine and hair follicle nevus is a very rare non-hereditary
disorder of keratinization with eccrine and hair follicle involvement with only
9 cases described in the literature. In 2009 the term porokeratotic anexial
ostial nevus was proposed to comprehend porokeratotic eccrine and hair follicle
nevus and a related and more common process without follicular involvement:
porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus Recent findings suggest that
both entities may be produced by a mutation in GJB2 gene, which is associated to
KID syndrome. Herein we report 2 cases of porokeratotic eccrine and hair
follicle nevus and review the existing cases in the Spanish and English
literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Daniel Agulló-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital IMED Levante - Benidorm, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra - Pamplona, Spain
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29
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Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma arising from a serious widespread porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus: Case report and literature review. DERMATOL SIN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Zade J, Jfri A, Nabatian A, Alajaji A, Geller L, Khorasani H. Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus: a unique case treated with CO 2 laser. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:675-678. [PMID: 28469874 PMCID: PMC5412763 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) is a rare eccrine hamartoma, with treatment generally being unsatisfactory. The unique features of PEODDN presented include bilateral and facial lesions, and extensive body involvement. Management with CO2 laser was successful, and follow-up will be necessary to monitor for recurrent lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zade
- Department of Dermatology Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York City New York USA
| | - Abdulhadi Jfri
- Department of Dermatology Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York City New York USA
| | - Adam Nabatian
- Department of Dermatology Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York City New York USA
| | - Abdullah Alajaji
- Department of Dermatology Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York City New York USA
| | - Lauren Geller
- Department of Dermatology Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York City New York USA
| | - Hooman Khorasani
- Department of Dermatology Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York City New York USA
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31
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Srinivas M, Verselis VK, White TW. Human diseases associated with connexin mutations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:192-201. [PMID: 28457858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gap junctions and hemichannels comprised of connexins impact many cellular processes. Significant advances in our understanding of the functional role of these channels have been made by the identification of a host of genetic diseases caused by connexin mutations. Prominent features of connexin disorders are the inability of other connexins expressed in the same cell type to compensate for the mutated one, and the ability of connexin mutants to dominantly influence the activity of other wild-type connexins. Functional studies have begun to identify some of the underlying mechanisms whereby connexin channel mutation contributes to the disease state. Detailed mechanistic understanding of these functional differences will help to facilitate new pathophysiology driven therapies for the diverse array of connexin genetic disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miduturu Srinivas
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Vytas K Verselis
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Thomas W White
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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32
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Happle R. The Molecular Revolution in Cutaneous Biology: Era of Mosaicism. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:e73-e77. [PMID: 28411850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Happle
- Department of Dermatology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
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33
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Eskin-Schwartz M, Metzger Y, Peled A, Weissglas-Volkov D, Malchin N, Gat A, Vodo D, Mevorah B, Shomron N, Sprecher E, Sarig O. Somatic Mosaicism for a "Lethal" GJB2 Mutation Results in a Patterned Form of Spiny Hyperkeratosis without Eccrine Involvement. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:322-6. [PMID: 27087580 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spiny hyperkeratosis refers to a rare clinical phenotype characterized by nonfollicular keratotic projections and sometimes associated with other acquired and inherited conditions. We describe a case of congenital patterned spiny hyperkeratosis. METHODS To identify the cause of this disorder, we used a combination of whole exome sequencing, direct sequencing and TaqMan assay. RESULTS We found that the peculiar clinical features displayed by the patient are due to somatic mosaicism for a heterozygous mutation in the GJB2 gene. CONCLUSION Because histopathologic examination of two independent biopsies did not reveal porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN), previously reported to result from somatic mutations in GJB2, it appears that mutations in this gene can cause nevoid spiny hyperkeratosis in the context of PEODDN or as an isolated finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Eskin-Schwartz
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Metzger
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alon Peled
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daphna Weissglas-Volkov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalia Malchin
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrea Gat
- Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Vodo
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Baruch Mevorah
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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34
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Connexin channels in congenital skin disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 50:4-12. [PMID: 26775130 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions and hemichannels comprised of connexins influence epidermal proliferation and differentiation. Significant advances in our understanding of the functional role of connexins in the skin have been made by studying the diseases caused by connexin mutations. Eleven clinically defined cutaneous disorders with an overlapping spectrum of phenotypes are caused by mutations in five different connexin genes, highlighting that disease presentation must be deciphered with an understanding of how connexin functions are affected. Increasing evidence suggests that the skin diseases produced by connexin mutations result from dominant gains of function. In palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness, the connexin 26 mutations transdominantly alter the function of wild-type connexin 43 and create leaky heteromeric hemichannels. In keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, different connexin 26 mutations can either form dominant hemichannels with altered calcium regulation or increased calcium permeability, leading to clinical subtypes of this syndrome. It is only with detailed understanding of these subtle functional differences that we can hope to create successful pathophysiology driven therapies for the connexin skin disorders.
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35
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García IE, Bosen F, Mujica P, Pupo A, Flores-Muñoz C, Jara O, González C, Willecke K, Martínez AD. From Hyperactive Connexin26 Hemichannels to Impairments in Epidermal Calcium Gradient and Permeability Barrier in the Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:574-583. [PMID: 26777423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome is characterized by corneal, skin, and hearing abnormalities. KID has been linked to heterozygous dominant missense mutations in the GJB2 and GJB6 genes, encoding connexin26 and 30, respectively. In vitro evidence indicates that KID mutations lead to hyperactive (open) hemichannels, which in some cases is accompanied by abnormal function of gap junction channels. Transgenic mouse models expressing connexin26 KID mutations reproduce human phenotypes and present impaired epidermal calcium homeostasis and abnormal lipid composition of the stratum corneum affecting the water barrier. Here we have compiled relevant data regarding the KID syndrome and propose a mechanism for the epidermal aspects of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac E García
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felicitas Bosen
- LIMES (Life and Medical Sciences) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paula Mujica
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Amaury Pupo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carolina Flores-Muñoz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Oscar Jara
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Klaus Willecke
- LIMES (Life and Medical Sciences) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Agustín D Martínez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Noda K, Sugiura K, Kono M, Akiyama M. Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus with a somatic homozygous or monoallelic variant of connexin 26. J Dermatol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26215685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Noda
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Kono
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) is a rare nevoid condition characterized by asymptomatic grouped keratotic papules and plaques with a linear pattern on the extremities, having distinct porokeratotic histopathological features. The lesions usually present at birth or in childhood. We present here a case of late-onset PEODDN in a 23-year-old man who had lesions on the palm, forearm, arm and the chest along the lines of Blaschko, strictly localized to the left side of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abanti Saha
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipti Das
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Das
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Connexins and skin disease: insights into the role of beta connexins in skin homeostasis. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:645-58. [PMID: 25616557 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication triggered by connexin channels plays a central role in maintaining epidermal homeostasis. Here, we discuss the role of the beta connexin subgroup, where site-specific mutations in at least 4 of these proteins lead to distinctive non-inflammatory and inflammatory hyperproliferative epidermal disorders. Recent advances in the molecular pathways evoked and correlation with clinical outcome are discussed. The latest data provide increasing evidence that connexins in the epidermis are sensors to environmental stress and that targeting aberrant hemichannel activity holds significant therapeutic potential for inflammatory skin disorders.
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Abstract
The term epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS) has been used to describe the association of epidermal hamartomas and extracutaneous abnormalities. Although many continue to use the term "ENS," it is now understood that this is not one disease, but rather a heterogeneous group with distinct genetic profiles defined by a common cutaneous phenotype: the presence of epidermal and adnexal hamartomas that are associated with other organ system involvement. One commonality is that epidermal nevi often follow the lines of Blaschko and it appears the more widespread the cutaneous manifestations, the greater the risk for extracutaneous manifestations. The majority of the extracutaneous manifestations involve the brain, eye, and skeletal systems. The CNS involvement is wide ranging and involves both clinical manifestations such as intellectual disability and seizures, as well as structural anomalies. Several subsets of ENS with characteristic features have been delineated including the nevus sebaceus syndrome, Proteus syndrome, CHILD syndrome, Becker's nevus syndrome, nevus comedonicus syndrome, and phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica. Advances in molecular biology have revealed that the manifestations of ENS are due to genomic mosaicism. It is likely that the varied clinical manifestations of ENS are due in great part to the functional effects of specific genetic defects. Optimal management of the patient with ENS involves an interdisciplinary approach given the potential for multisystem involvement. Of note, epidermal nevi have been associated with both benign and malignant neoplasms, and thus ongoing clinical follow-up is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Asch
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Sugarman
- Departments of Dermatology and Community and Family Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Santa Rosa, CA, USA.
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Llamas-Velasco M, Hilty N, Kempf W. Porokeratotic adnexal ostial naevus: review on the entity and therapeutic approach. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:2032-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Llamas-Velasco
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Infanta Cristina; Parla Madrid Spain
- Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik; Zurich Switzerland
| | - N. Hilty
- Dermatology Practice Dermapoint; Vaduz Liechtenstein
| | - W. Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik; Zurich Switzerland
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Martin PE, Easton JA, Hodgins MB, Wright CS. Connexins: sensors of epidermal integrity that are therapeutic targets. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1304-14. [PMID: 24607543 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gap junction proteins (connexins) are differentially expressed throughout the multiple layers of the epidermis. A variety of skin conditions arise with aberrant connexin expression or function and suggest that maintaining the epidermal gap junction network has many important roles in preserving epidermal integrity and homeostasis. Mutations in a number of connexins lead to epidermal dysplasias giving rise to a range of dermatological disorders of differing severity. 'Gain of function' mutations reveal connexin-mediated roles in calcium signalling within the epidermis. Connexins are involved in epidermal innate immunity, inflammation control and in wound repair. The therapeutic potential of targeting connexins to improve wound healing responses is now clear. This review discusses the role of connexins in epidermal integrity, and examines the emerging evidence that connexins act as epidermal sensors to a variety of mechanical, temperature, pathogen-induced and chemical stimuli. Connexins thus act as an integral component of the skin's protective barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E Martin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Jennifer A Easton
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Malcolm B Hodgins
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Catherine S Wright
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
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Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2013; 2013:953840. [PMID: 24307955 PMCID: PMC3834619 DOI: 10.1155/2013/953840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PEODDN is a rare benign cutaneous disorder that clinically resembles comedo nevus but favors the palms and soles, where pilosebaceous follicles are absent. Widespread involvement along Blaschko's lines can also occur. It is a disorder of keratinization involving the intraepidermal eccrine duct (acrosyringium) and is characterized by eccrine hamartoma and cornoid lamellation in pathology. The patient is a 29-year-old man with an 8-year history of pruritic skin lesions on his right lateral ankle. In the pathologic examination, multiple small epidermal invagination with overlying parakeratotic cornoid lamellation, loss of granular layer, and few dyskeratotic cells at the base of epidermal invagination are revealed. After clinic-pathologic correlation, the diagnosis of porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) was made. Late-onset and rare clinical presentation as pruritic lesion are the characteristic features that make this patient an extraordinary presentation of PEODDN.
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43
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New findings in genodermatoses. Dermatol Clin 2013; 31:303-15. [PMID: 23557657 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New technologies are accelerating the pace at which genetic defects leading to inherited skin disease are elucidated. Translation of these genetic discoveries into new therapies for patients with inherited skin diseases has not been as rapid but the pace is now accelerating. This article summarizes recent findings in genetic skin diseases, the scope of advances being made, the role of new DNA analysis technologies in these discoveries, as well as highlighting some examples of how an understanding of the genetic cause of inherited skin diseases can lead to therapeutic interventions for patients.
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Dereure O. [The perennial problem of keratinisation disorders]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013; 140:240-1. [PMID: 23466163 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Dereure
- Département de dermatologie, unité Inserm U1058, université Montpellier I, hôpital Saint-Éloi, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Cell motility in models of wounded human skin is improved by Gap27 despite raised glucose, insulin and IGFBP-5. Exp Cell Res 2012; 319:390-401. [PMID: 23262023 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reducing Cx43 expression stimulates skin wound healing. This is mimicked in models when Cx43 function is blocked by the connexin mimetic peptide Gap27. IGF-I also stimulates wound healing with IGFBP-5 attenuating its actions. Further, the IGF-I to IGFBP-5 ratio is altered in diabetic skin, where wound closure is impaired. We investigated whether Gap27 remains effective in augmenting scrape-wound closure in human skin wound models simulating diabetes-induced changes, using culture conditions with raised glucose, insulin and IGFBP-5. Gap27 increased scrape-wound closure in normal glucose and insulin (NGI) and to a lesser extent in high glucose and insulin (HGI). IGF-I enhanced scrape-wound closure in keratinocytes whereas IGFBP-5 inhibited this response. Gap27 overcame the inhibitory effects of IGFBP-5 on IGF-I activity. Connexin-mediated communication (CMC) was reduced in HGI, despite raised Cx43, and Gap27 significantly decreased CMC in NGI and HGI. IGF-I and IGFBP-5 did not affect CMC. IGF-I increased keratinocyte proliferation in NGI, and Gap27 increased proliferation in NGI to a greater extent than in HGI. We conclude that IGF-I and Gap27 stimulate scrape-wound closure by independent mechanisms with Gap27 inhibiting Cx43 function. Gap27 can enhance wound closure in diabetic conditions, irrespective of the IGF-I:IGFBP-5 balance.
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