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Morgan HJ, Rees E, Lanfredini S, Powell KA, Gore J, Gibbs A, Lovatt C, Davies GE, Olivero C, Shorning BY, Tornillo G, Tonks A, Darley R, Wang EC, Patel GK. CD200 ectodomain shedding into the tumor microenvironment leads to NK cell dysfunction and apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:150750. [PMID: 36074574 PMCID: PMC9621138 DOI: 10.1172/jci150750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The basis of immune evasion, a hallmark of cancer, can differ even when cancers arise from one cell type such as in the human skin keratinocyte carcinomas: basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Here we showed that the basal cell carcinoma tumor-initiating cell surface protein CD200, through ectodomain shedding, was responsible for the near absence of NK cells within the basal cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment. In situ, CD200 underwent ectodomain shedding by metalloproteinases MMP3 and MMP11, which released biologically active soluble CD200 into the basal cell carcinoma microenvironment. CD200 bound its cognate receptor on NK cells to suppress MAPK pathway signaling that in turn blocked indirect (IFN-γ release) and direct cell killing. In addition, reduced ERK phosphorylation relinquished negative regulation of PPARγ-regulated gene transcription and led to membrane accumulation of the Fas/FADD death receptor and its ligand, FasL, which resulted in activation-induced apoptosis. Blocking CD200 inhibition of MAPK or PPARγ signaling restored NK cell survival and tumor cell killing, with relevance to many cancer types. Our results thus uncover a paradigm for CD200 as a potentially novel and targetable NK cell-specific immune checkpoint, which is responsible for NK cell-associated poor outcomes in many cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw J Morgan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences
| | - Elise Rees
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences
| | | | - Kate A Powell
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences
| | - Jasmine Gore
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences
| | - Alex Gibbs
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences
| | - Charlotte Lovatt
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences
| | - Gemma E Davies
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences
| | - Carlotta Olivero
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences
| | - Boris Y Shorning
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, and
| | - Richard Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, and
| | - Eddie Cy Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Girish K Patel
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences
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Morgan HJ, Benketah A, Olivero C, Rees E, Ziaj S, Mukhtar A, Lanfredini S, Patel GK. Hair follicle differentiation‐specific keratin expression in human basal cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 45:417-425. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Morgan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute School of Biosciences Cardiff University Maindy Road Cardiff UK
| | - A. Benketah
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute School of Biosciences Cardiff University Maindy Road Cardiff UK
| | - C. Olivero
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute School of Biosciences Cardiff University Maindy Road Cardiff UK
| | - E. Rees
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute School of Biosciences Cardiff University Maindy Road Cardiff UK
| | - S. Ziaj
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute School of Biosciences Cardiff University Maindy Road Cardiff UK
| | - A. Mukhtar
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute School of Biosciences Cardiff University Maindy Road Cardiff UK
| | - S. Lanfredini
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute School of Biosciences Cardiff University Maindy Road Cardiff UK
| | - G. K. Patel
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute School of Biosciences Cardiff University Maindy Road Cardiff UK
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Morgan HJ, Benketah A, Olivero C, Rees E, Ziaj S, Mukhtar A, Lanfredini S, Patel GK. Human basal cell carcinoma: the induction of anagen hair follicle differentiation. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 45:309-317. [PMID: 31556145 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consistent with cancer stem cell driven pattern of growth, human basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) demonstrate differentiation along hair follicle (HF) lineages. AIM To define the pattern of differentiation and therapeutic targets that promote BCC differentiation and therefore BCC cancer stem cell exhaustion. METHODS An alkaline phosphatase substrate kit was used to determine dermal papilla cells within the BCC stroma. Autonomous HF cycle-dependent gene expression was identified by analysis of the human homologues of a murine gene set (total 2289 genes) that is differentially expressed in hair cycle phases. The findings were validated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence, as well as in vitro transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 stimulation of BCC cancer stem cell colonies. RESULTS As in the HF, keratin expression in the inner root sheath and matrix in BCC correlated with proliferative index and was tightly regulated, despite the absence of dermal papilla cells. Cross-species microarray analysis comparing human BCC and murine synchronous HF growth cycle datasets revealed 74% concordance with telogen differentiation compared with anagen (23%, P < 0.01) and catagen (49%; P < 0.01). Incomplete anagen differentiation within BCC was characterized by reduced expression of the anagen master regulator DLX3 (-5.5-fold), and increased expression of telogen-associated genes: AEBP1 (2.2-fold), DEFB8 (35.3-fold), MMP3 (106.0-fold) and MMP12 (12.9-fold). Restoration of dermal papilla signals by in vitro addition of TGF-β2 enhanced anagen differentiation. CONCLUSION Our findings show that BCC cells differentiate along HF lineages and may be susceptible to exogenous HF cycle modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Morgan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Benketah
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Olivero
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - E Rees
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Ziaj
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Mukhtar
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Lanfredini
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - G K Patel
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Shin SP, Goh AR, Kang HG, Kim SJ, Kim JK, Kim KT, Lee JH, Bae YS, Jung YS, Lee SJ. CD200 Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via β-Catenin-Mediated Nuclear Translocation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1583. [PMID: 31627350 PMCID: PMC6826410 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane glycoprotein CD200 binds to its receptor CD200R1 and induces tolerance, mainly in cells of the myeloid lineage; however, information regarding its role in solid tumors is limited. Here, we investigated whether CD200 expression, which is enriched mainly in high-grade head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), correlates with cancer progression, particularly the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The forced overexpression of CD200 in the HNSCC cell line, UMSCC84, not only increased the expression of EMT-related genes, but also enhanced invasiveness. The cleaved cytoplasmic domain of CD200 interacted with β-catenin in the cytosol, was translocated to the nucleus, and eventually enhanced EMT-related gene expression. CD200 increased the invasiveness of mouse tonsillar epithelium immortalized with E6, E7, and Ras (MEER), a model of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. siRNA inhibition of CD200 or extracellular domain of CD200R1 down-regulated the expression of EMT-related genes and decreased invasiveness. Consistently, compared to CD200-null MEER tumors, subcutaneous CD200-expressing MEER tumors showed significantly increased metastatic migration into draining lymph nodes. Our study demonstrates a novel and unique role of CD200 in inducing EMT, suggesting the potential therapeutic target for blocking solid cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Phil Shin
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - A-Ra Goh
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Gu Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Seok-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Jong-Kwang Kim
- Genome Analysis Team, Research Core Center, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Tae Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - John H Lee
- Adult Medical Affairs, NantKwest, 9020 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA 90232, USA.
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Yuh-Seog Jung
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
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Morgan H, Olivero C, Patel GK. Identification of Human Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma Cancer Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1879:435-450. [PMID: 29675782 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell model states that a subset of tumor cells, called "cancer stem cells," can initiate and propagate tumor growth through self-renewal, high proliferative capacity, and their ability to recreate tumor heterogeneity. In basal cell carcinoma (BCC), we have shown that tumor cells that express the cell surface protein CD200 fulfill the cancer stem cell hypothesis. CD200+ CD45- BCC cells represent 0.05-3.96% of all BCC cells and reside in small clusters at the tumor periphery. Using a novel, reproducible in vivo xenograft growth assay, we determined that tumor-initiating cell (TIC) frequencies are approximately 1 per 1.5 million unsorted BCC cells. The CD200+ CD45- BCC subpopulation recreated BCC tumor growth in vivo with typical histological architecture and expression of sonic hedgehog-regulated genes. Reproducible in vivo BCC growth was achieved with as few as 10,000 CD200+ CD45- cells, representing ~1500-fold enrichment. The methods used to identify and purify CD200+ CD45- BCC cells, as well as characterize gene expression, are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw Morgan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Carlotta Olivero
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Girish K Patel
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Leith JT, Davis PJ, Mousa SA, Hercbergs AA. In vitro effects of tetraiodothyroacetic acid combined with X-irradiation on basal cell carcinoma cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:367-373. [PMID: 28113001 PMCID: PMC5324738 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1269044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated radiosensitization in an untreated basal cell carcinoma (TE.354.T) cell line and post-pretreatment with tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) X 1 h at 37°C, 0.2 and 2.0 µM tetrac. Radioresistant TE.354.T cells were grown in modified medium containing fibroblast growth factor-2, stem cell factor-1 and a reduced calcium level. We also added reproductively inactivated (30 Gy) “feeder cells” to the medium. The in vitro doubling time was 34.1 h, and the colony forming efficiency was 5.09 percent. These results were therefore suitable for clonogenic radiation survival assessment. The 250 kVp X-ray survival curve of control TE.354.T cells showed linear-quadratic survival parameters of αX-ray = 0.201 Gy−1 and βX-ray = 0.125 Gy−2. Tetrac concentrations of either 0.2 or 2.0 µM produced αX-ray and βX-ray parameters of 2.010 and 0.282 Gy−1 and 2.050 and 0.837 Gy−2, respectively. The surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) for control cells was 0.581, while values for 0.2 and 2.0 µM tetrac were 0.281 and 0.024. The SF2 data show that tetrac concentrations of 0.2 and 2.0 µM sensitize otherwise radioresistant TE.354.T cells by factors of 2.1 and 24.0, respectively. Thus, radioresistant basal cell carcinoma cells may be radiosensitized pharmacologically by exposure to tetrac.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Leith
- a Rhode Island Nuclear Science Center , Narragansett , RI, USA
| | - Paul J Davis
- b Albany Medical College , Albany , NY , USA.,c Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Rensselaer , NY , USA
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- c Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Rensselaer , NY , USA
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