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Davydova A, Kurochkina Y, Goncharova V, Vorobyeva M, Korolev M. The Interleukine-17 Cytokine Family: Role in Development and Progression of Spondyloarthritis, Current and Potential Therapeutic Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1328. [PMID: 37238999 PMCID: PMC10216275 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases with a predilection for the spinal and sacroiliac joints, which include axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, arthritis associated with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. The prevalence of SpA in the population varies from 0.5 to 2%, most commonly affecting young people. Spondyloarthritis pathogenesis is related to the hyperproduction of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-17A, IL-23, etc.). IL-17A plays a key role in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (inflammation maintenance, syndesmophites formation and radiographic progression, enthesites and anterior uveitis development, etc.). Targeted anti-IL17 therapies have established themselves as the most efficient therapies in SpA treatment. The present review summarizes literature data on the role of the IL-17 family in the pathogenesis of SpA and analyzes existing therapeutic strategies for IL-17 suppression with monoclonal antibodies and Janus kinase inhibitors. We also consider alternative targeted strategies, such as the use of other small-molecule inhibitors, therapeutic nucleic acids, or affibodies. We discuss advantages and pitfalls of these approaches and the future prospects of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Davydova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Yuliya Kurochkina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Veronika Goncharova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariya Vorobyeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Maksim Korolev
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
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Jin N, Chen R, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Chen J. Transcutaneous amorphous preparation co-delivering curcumin and modified aptamer as a synergistic approach for the amelioration of psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 180:106314. [PMID: 36326540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to achieve the targeting function of Aptamer 21-2 (Apt) by modifying glycyrrhizic acid (GA) to obtain Apt-GA and by delivering it through mesoporous silica in μm-size (μmS). Moreover, it is planned to induce synergistic effects of the novel amorphous preparation of Apt-GA with curcumin (Cur) in the treatment of psoriasis. UV/vis spectrophotometric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to demonstrate the linkage of Apt and GA. The replacement of GA with Apt-GA in GA-Cur-μmS did not make a difference in the amorphous state, but showed superior fluorescence of Cur in the inflamed dermis similar to psoriatic induced by imiquimod. Consequently, compared to GA-Cur-μmS and Apt, Apt-GA-Cur-μmS exhibited less pronounced psoriatic characteristics in vivo, including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, histological image, immunohistochemistry and immuno-fluorescence labeling neutrophils. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a similar phenomenon that less IL-17A was observed after treatment with Apt-GA-Cur-μmS than with GA-Cur-μmS or Apt. Our finding suggests that this novel Apt delivery system achieved the Apt targeting function in the dermis by taking advantage of GA and μmS, and exhibited synergistic anti-psoriatic effect by co-delivering curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology (Putian University), Fujian, China.
| | - Ruotong Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Yuling Li
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Baomei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology (Putian University), Fujian, China
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Macleod T, Ward J, Alase AA, Bridgewood C, Wittmann M, Stonehouse NJ. Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Facilitates Intracellular Uptake of RNA Aptamer Apt 21-2 Without Inducing an Inflammatory or Interferon Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:857. [PMID: 31068939 PMCID: PMC6491520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA aptamers are synthetic single stranded RNA oligonucleotides that function analogously to antibodies. Recently, they have shown promise for use in treating inflammatory skin disease as, unlike antibody-based biologics, they are able to enter the skin following topical administration. However, it is important to understand the inflammatory milieu into which aptamers are delivered, as numerous immune-modulating mediators will be present at abnormal levels. LL-37 is an important immune-modifying protein upregulated in several inflammatory skin conditions, including psoriasis, rosacea and eczema. This inflammatory antimicrobial peptide is known to complex nucleic acids and induce both inflammatory and interferon responses from keratinocytes. Given the attractive notion of using RNA aptamers in topical medication and the prevalence of LL-37 in these inflammatory skin conditions, we examined the effect of LL-37 on the efficacy and safety of the anti-IL-17A RNA aptamer, Apt 21-2. LL-37 was demonstrated to complex with the RNA aptamer by electrophoretic mobility shift and filter binding assays. In contrast to free Apt 21-2, LL-37-complexed Apt 21-2 was observed to efficiently enter both keratinocytes and fibroblasts by confocal microscopy. Despite internalization of LL-37-complexed aptamers, measurement of inflammatory mediators and interferon stimulated genes showed LL-37-complexed Apt 21-2 remained immunologically inert in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells including infiltrating dendritic cells and monocytes. The findings of this study suggest RNA aptamers delivered into an inflammatory milieu rich in LL-37 may become complexed and subsequently internalized by surrounding cells in the skin. Whilst the results of this study indicate delivery of RNA aptamers into tissue rich in LL-37 should not cause an unwarranted inflammatory of interferon response, these results have significant implications for the efficacy of aptamers with regards to extracellular vs. intracellular targets that should be taken into consideration when developing treatment strategies utilizing RNA aptamers in inflamed tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Macleod
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Ward
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Adewonuola A Alase
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Bridgewood
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Stonehouse
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Lenn JD, Neil J, Donahue C, Demock K, Tibbetts CV, Cote-Sierra J, Smith SH, Rubenstein D, Therrien JP, Pendergrast PS, Killough J, Brown MB, Williams AC. RNA Aptamer Delivery through Intact Human Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:282-290. [PMID: 28942363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is generally recognized that only relatively small molecular weight (typically < ∼ 500 Da) drugs can effectively permeate through intact stratum corneum. Here, we challenge this orthodoxy using a 62-nucleotide (molecular weight = 20,395 Da) RNA-based aptamer, highly specific to the human IL-23 cytokine, with picomolar activity. Results demonstrate penetration of the aptamer into freshly excised human skin using two different fluorescent labels. A dual hybridization assay quantified aptamer from the epidermis and dermis, giving levels far exceeding the cellular half maximal inhibitory concentration values (>100,000-fold), and aptamer integrity was confirmed using an oligonucleotide precipitation assay. A T helper 17 response was stimulated in freshly excised human skin resulting in significantly upregulated IL-17f, and IL-22; topical application of the IL-23 aptamer decreased both IL-17f and IL-22 by approximately 45% but did not result in significant changes to IL-23 mRNA levels, confirming that the aptamer did not globally suppress mRNA levels. This study demonstrates that very-large-molecular-weight RNA aptamers can permeate across the intact human skin barrier to therapeutically relevant levels into both the epidermis and dermis and that the skin-penetrating aptamer retains its biologically active conformational structure capable of binding to endogenous IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Lenn
- MedPharm, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Jessica Neil
- MedPharm, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christine Donahue
- GlaxoSmithKline, R&D Platform Technology & Science, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kellie Demock
- GlaxoSmithKline, R&D Platform Technology & Science, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Susan H Smith
- GlaxoSmithKline, Center For Skin Biology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Rubenstein
- GlaxoSmithKline, Center For Skin Biology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Vorobyeva M, Timoshenko V, Vorobjev P, Venyaminova A. Aptamers Against Immunologic Targets: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Prospects. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015; 26:52-65. [PMID: 26643948 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2015.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of in vitro selection of nucleic acid aptamers emerged 25 years ago, and since then tremendous progress has been achieved in the development of different aptamers and their applications for various bioanalytical and therapeutic purposes. Among other protein targets of aptamers, immune system proteins are of particular interest both as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. The present review summarizes up-to-date articles concerning the selection and design of DNA and RNA aptamers against immunologic targets such as antibodies, cytokines, and T-cell and B-cell receptors. We also discuss the prospects of employing aptamers as recognizing modules of diagnostic aptasensors, potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer, and specific tools for functional studies of immune system proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Vorobyeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine , Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina Timoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine , Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel Vorobjev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine , Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alya Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine , Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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The Subcellular Localisation of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 Protein in Cervical Cancer Cells and Its Perturbation by RNA Aptamers. Viruses 2015; 7:3443-61. [PMID: 26131956 PMCID: PMC4517109 DOI: 10.3390/v7072780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract, affecting both men and women. High-risk oncogenic types are responsible for almost 90% of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers including cervical cancer. Some of the HPV "early" genes, particularly E6 and E7, are known to act as oncogenes that promote tumour growth and malignant transformation. Most notably, HPV-16 E7 interacts with the tumour suppressor protein pRb, promoting its degradation, leading to cell cycle dysregulation in infected cells. We have previously shown that an RNA aptamer (termed A2) selectively binds to HPV16 E7 and is able to induce apoptosis in HPV16-transformed cervical carcinoma cell lines (SiHa) through reduction of E7 levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of the A2 aptamer on E7 localisation in order to define its effects on E7 activity. We demonstrate for the first time that E7 localised to the plasma membrane. In addition, we show that A2 enhanced E7 localisation in the ER and that the A2-mediated reduction of E7 was not associated with proteasomal degradation. These data suggest that A2 perturbs normal E7 trafficking through promoting E7 ER retention.
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Forrest S, Lear Z, Herod MR, Ryan M, Rowlands DJ, Stonehouse NJ. Inhibition of the foot-and-mouth disease virus subgenomic replicon by RNA aptamers. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2649-2657. [PMID: 25096816 PMCID: PMC4233629 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.067751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously documented the inhibitory activity of RNA aptamers to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (3D(pol)). Here we report their modification and use with a subgenomic replicon incorporating GFP (pGFP-PAC replicon), allowing replication to be monitored and quantified in real-time. GFP expression in transfected BHK-21 cells reached a maximum at approximately 8 h post-transfection, at which time change in morphology of the cells was consistent with a virus-induced cytopathic effect. However, transfection of replicon-bearing cells with a 3D(pol) aptamer RNA resulted in inhibition of GFP expression and maintenance of normal cell morphology, whereas a control aptamer RNA had little effect. The inhibition was correlated with a reduction in 3D(pol) (detected by immunoblotting) and shown to be dose dependent. The 3D(pol) aptamers appeared to be more effective than 2'-C-methylcytidine (2'CMC). Aptamers to components of the replication complex are therefore useful molecular tools for studying viral replication and also have potential as diagnostic molecules in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Forrest
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Zoe Lear
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Morgan R. Herod
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Martin Ryan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex (BSRC), School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David J. Rowlands
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicola J. Stonehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Belyaeva TA, Nicol C, Cesur O, Travé G, Blair GE, Stonehouse NJ. An RNA Aptamer Targets the PDZ-Binding Motif of the HPV16 E6 Oncoprotein. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1553-69. [PMID: 25062098 PMCID: PMC4190555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is a high-risk DNA tumour virus which is the primary causative agent of cervical cancer. Cell transformation arises from deregulated expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes. E6 has been shown to bind a number of cellular proteins, including p53 and proteins containing a PDZ domain. This study reports the first RNA aptamers to E6. These have been employed as molecular tools to further investigate E6-p53 and E6-PDZ interactions. This study is focussed on two aptamers (termed F2 and F4) which induced apoptosis in cells derived from an HPV16-transformed cervical carcinoma. The molecules were able to inhibit the interaction between E6 and PDZ1 from Magi1, with F2 being the most effective inhibitor. Neither of the aptamers inhibited E6-p53 interaction or p53 degradation. This study shows the specificity of this approach and highlights the potential benefits of the E6 aptamers as potential therapeutic or diagnostic agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A Belyaeva
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Clare Nicol
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Ozlem Cesur
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Gilles Travé
- UMR 7242 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch 67412, France.
| | - George Eric Blair
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Nicola J Stonehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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