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Tang J, Li Y, Hu X, Hua W, Xu H, Li L, Xu F. Enhancing Tranexamic Acid Penetration through AQP-3 Protein Triggering via ZIF-8 Encapsulation for Melasma and Rosacea Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304189. [PMID: 38539056 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The systemic use of tranexamic acid (TA) as an oral drug can bring adverse reactions, while intradermal injection leads to pain and a risk of infection. Moreover, it is difficult for highly hydrophilic TA to penetrate the skin barrier that contains lots of hydrophobic lipid compounds, which poses enormous restrictions on its topical application. Current transdermal TA delivery strategies are suffering from low drug load rates, plus their synthesis complexity, time-consumption, etc. adding to the difficulty of TA topical application in clinical therapeutics. To increase the penetration of TA, a novel approach using TA-loaded ZIF-8 (TA@ZIF-8) is developed. The encapsulation efficiency of TA@ZIF-8 reaches ≈25% through physical adsorption and chemical bonding of TA indicates by theoretical simulation and the improved TA penetration is elevated through activating the aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) protein. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate the preponderance of TA@ZIF-8 for penetration ability and the advantages in intracellular uptake, minor cytotoxicity, and inhibition of melanogenesis and inflammatory factors. Moreover, clinical trials demonstrate the safety and efficacy of TA@ZIF-8 in the treatment of melasma and rosacea. This work presents a potential topical application of TA, free from the safety concerns associated with systemic drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haoning Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fujian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610225, China
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2
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Liu Z, Wang X, Ma Y, Lin Y, Wang G. Artificial intelligence in psoriasis: Where we are and where we are going. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1884-1899. [PMID: 37740587 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that involves the development of programs designed to replicate human cognitive processes and the analysis of complex data. In dermatology, which is predominantly a visual-based diagnostic field, AI has become increasingly important in improving professional processes, particularly in the diagnosis of psoriasis. In this review, we summarized current AI applications in psoriasis: (i) diagnosis, including identification, classification, lesion segmentation, lesion severity and area scoring; (ii) treatment, including prediction treatment efficiency and prediction candidate drugs; (iii) management, including e-health and preventive medicine. Key challenges and future aspects of AI in psoriasis were also discussed, in hope of providing potential directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Economics, Finance and Healthcare Administration, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yao Ma
- Student Brigade of Basic Medicine School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiting Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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3
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Palmisano G, Di Stefani A, Cappilli S, Chiricozzi A, Peris K. Eruptive lentiginosis in resolving plaque psoriasis during treatment with risankizumab. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13483. [PMID: 37881038 PMCID: PMC10518751 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Palmisano
- UOC di DermatologiaDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Addominali ed Endrocrino MetabolicheFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli – IRCCSRomeItaly
- DermatologiaUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Alessandro Di Stefani
- UOC di DermatologiaDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Addominali ed Endrocrino MetabolicheFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli – IRCCSRomeItaly
- DermatologiaUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Simone Cappilli
- UOC di DermatologiaDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Addominali ed Endrocrino MetabolicheFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli – IRCCSRomeItaly
- DermatologiaUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Andrea Chiricozzi
- UOC di DermatologiaDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Addominali ed Endrocrino MetabolicheFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli – IRCCSRomeItaly
- DermatologiaUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Ketty Peris
- UOC di DermatologiaDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Addominali ed Endrocrino MetabolicheFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli – IRCCSRomeItaly
- DermatologiaUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
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4
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Yao YZ, Liao ZK, Jiang S, Dong BQ, Luo LF, Miao F, Lei TC. Uncoupling melanogenesis from proliferation in epidermal melanocytes responding to stimulation with psoriasis-related proinflammatory cytokines. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 108:98-108. [PMID: 36577564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have addressed the impact of the psoriasis-related proinflammatory cytokines on the proliferation and melanogenesis of melanocytes (MCs) in lesional psoriatic skin. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of TNFα, IL17A, and IL8 on the proliferation and melanin synthesis of MCs. METHODS Skin specimens were biopsied from patients with psoriasis vulgaris at the active stage, or from the tail skin of Dct-LacZ mice with imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. Cultured keratinocytes (KCs), MCs, and human skin explants were used in this study. The numbers of MCs were measured via β-galactosidase staining, EdU incorporation and HMB45 immunohistochemical staining. The expression of human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) in KCs was silenced by siRNA, the conditioned medium (CM) from siRNA-transfected KCs was used to treat MCs, then followed by αMSH stimulation. The melanogenesis-related genes were examined by using qRT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS The increased number of MCs and decreased melanin content were highly relevant to the enhanced expression of IL8 and BD3 both in human psoriatic skin and in IMQ-treated mouse tail skin. IL8 expression in KCs and CXCR2 expression in MCs was significantly increased by IL17A and TNFα, the αMSH-induced upregulations of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase in MCs were abrogated by the CM from hBD3-unsilenced KCs, but not from hBD3-silenced KCs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the roles of IL8-CXCR2 activation in promoting MC proliferation and of BD3 upregulation in reducing melanogenesis. These findings have been implicated in the underlying mechanism that active psoriasis prefers hypopigmentation despite chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhu Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Kai Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing-Qi Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long-Fei Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tie-Chi Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Parietti M, Burzi L, Ribero S, Gallo G, Repetto F, Dapavo P. "Persistent eruptive lentiginosis in a psoriatic patient after four-year effective treatment with ustekinumab". Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15468. [PMID: 35315185 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Parietti
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic
| | - Lorenza Burzi
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic
| | - Simone Ribero
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic
| | - Federica Repetto
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic
| | - Paolo Dapavo
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic
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6
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Gil F, Andrade I, Aranha J. Hyperpigmentation as a rare side effect of adalimumab. Int J Dermatol 2020; 60:e105-e106. [PMID: 33107034 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gil
- Dermatology Department, Hospital de Santarém EPE, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Isabel Andrade
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Hospital de Santarém EPE, Santarém, Portugal
| | - João Aranha
- Dermatology Department, Hospital de Santarém EPE, Santarém, Portugal
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Di Costanzo L, Scala E, Caiazzo G, Lembo S, Marino R, Megna M, Patrì A, Di Caprio R, Balato A. Possible role of BMP-4 in the hyper-pigmentation of psoriatic plaques after anti-TNF-α treatment. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4120-4124. [PMID: 31611943 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis over-expresses several inflammatory mediators, which impacts the activity of melanocytes. Tyrosinase (Tyr) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) are the primary regulators of melanogenesis. Furthermore, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) modulate various pathobiologic processes including inflammation, melanogenesis and melanomagenesis. To determine the association between psoriasis and melanogenesis, psoriatic lesional skin was screened through gene expression, immunohistochemistry, immunogold staining and melanin content assays. The present study detected a decreased expression of Tyr, MITF and BMP-4 in psoriatic lesional skin compared with healthy skin. Tyr, BMP-4 and melanin content were also evaluated in the psoriatic lesional skin of patients receiving adalimumab therapy, before and after 16 weeks of treatment. TNF-α blockade modulated the Tyr, BMP-4 and melanin content of the patient skin lesions, which supported the hypothesis that hyper-pigmentation may occur in areas of psoriatic plaque after biological treatment. The present study confirmed the influence of the psoriatic pro-inflammatory network on melanogenesis, exerting an inhibitory effect mediated by TNF-α. Furthermore, the results regarding BMP-4 in the present study add another important element to the mechanism of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Di Costanzo
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Rilievo Nazionale 'G. Rummo', Benevento I-82100, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scala
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Serena Lembo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana' University of Salerno, Salerno I-84041, Italy
| | - Rita Marino
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples I-80122, Italy
| | - Matteo Megna
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Angela Patrì
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Caprio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Anna Balato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
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8
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Weng JR, Huang TH, Lin ZC, Alalaiwe A, Fang JY. Cutaneous delivery of [1-(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-methanol, an indole-3-carbinol derivative, mitigates psoriasiform lesion by blocking MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1 activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109398. [PMID: 31493747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
[1-(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-methanol (CIM) has been used as a bioactive agent for inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB blocking. The present work was undertaken to investigate the potential of CIM against psoriasis using imiquimod (IMQ)-stimulated psoriasis-like mouse and in vitro HaCaT keratinocytes as the models. We demonstrated that topical CIM treatment reduced IMQ-activated scaling, erythema, and barrier dysfunction. This compound also restrained the recruitment of neutrophils. The cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in psoriasiform skin, can be attenuated to normal baseline by CIM. Topically applied CIM can be easily delivered into skin based on the affinity with stratum corneum (SC) ceramides. IMQ intervention increased the permeability by 3-fold as compared to healthy skin. CIM ameliorated psoriatic lesion without incurring overt signs of irritation. Both TNF-α and IMQ were employed as the stimulators to activate HaCaT for reciprocal elucidation of the mechanism of action. CIM inhibited the overexpression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-24 in HaCaT. CIM exerted anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the phosphorylation of NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) through MAPK pathways. Our results indicate that CIM has potential as the antipsoriatic molecule. The detailed signaling pathways still need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwane; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwang
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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9
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Singh S, Beniwal R. Methotrexate-induced eruptive lentiginosis in resolving psoriasis: a phenomenon possibly dependent on cytokine modulation. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 44:e212-e213. [PMID: 30900774 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - R Beniwal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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10
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Chorachoo J, Lambert S, Furnholm T, Roberts L, Reingold L, Auepemkiate S, Voravuthikunchai SP, Johnston A. The small molecule rhodomyrtone suppresses TNF-α and IL-17A-induced keratinocyte inflammatory responses: A potential new therapeutic for psoriasis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205340. [PMID: 30321197 PMCID: PMC6188632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common skin disease pathogenically driven by TNF and IL-17A-induced epidermal hyperproliferation and inflammatory responses. The ongoing need for new therapeutic agents for psoriasis has highlighted medicinal plants as sources of phytochemicals useful for treating psoriatic disease. Rhodomyrtone, a bioactive phytochemical from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, has well-established anti-proliferative activities. This study assessed the potential of rhodomyrtone for curtailing TNF/IL-17A-driven inflammation. Stimulating human skin organ cultures with TNF+IL-17A to model the skin inflammation in psoriasis, we found that rhodomyrtone significantly decreased inflammatory gene expression and the expression and secretion of inflammatory proteins, assessed by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISA assays respectively. RNA-seq analysis of monolayer primary keratinocytes treated with IL-17A/TNF showed that rhodomyrtone inhibited 724/1587 transcripts >2-fold altered by IL-17A/TNF (p<0.01), a number of which were confirmed at the mRNA and protein level. Suggesting that rhodomyrtone acts by modulating MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways, rhodomyrtone inhibited TNF-induced ERK, JNK, p38, and NF-κBp65 phosphorylation. Finally, assessing the in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of rhodomyrtone, we examined its effects on imiquimod-induced skin inflammation in mice, finding rhodomyrtone reversed imiquimod-induced skin hyperplasia and epidermal thickening (p< 0.001). Taken together, these results suggest that rhodomyrtone may be useful in preventing or slowing the progression of inflammatory skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julalak Chorachoo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sylviane Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan United States of America
| | - Teal Furnholm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan United States of America
| | - Liza Roberts
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan United States of America
| | - Laura Reingold
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan United States of America
| | - Sauvarat Auepemkiate
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang P. Voravuthikunchai
- Department of Microbiology and Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Andrew Johnston
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Rongioletti F, Mugheddu C, Murgia S. Repigmentation and new growth of hairs after anti-interleukin-17 therapy with secukinumab for psoriasis. JAAD Case Rep 2018; 4:486-488. [PMID: 29984292 PMCID: PMC6031562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Rongioletti
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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12
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Lin Y, See L, Huang Y, Chi C, Hui R. Comparison of indirubin concentrations in indigo naturalis ointment for psoriasis treatment: a randomized, double‐blind, dosage‐controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2017; 178:124-131. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.‐K. Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - L.‐C. See
- Department of Public Health and Biostatistics Core Laboratory Molecular Medicine Research Center Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy and Immunology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taiwan
| | - Y.‐H. Huang
- Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - C.‐C. Chi
- Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - R.C.‐Y. Hui
- Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
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