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Donnelly SC, Varela-Mattatall GE, Hassan S, Sun Q, Gelman N, Thiessen JD, Thompson RT, Prato FS, Burton JP, Goldhawk DE. Bacterial association with metals enables in vivo monitoring of urogenital microbiota using magnetic resonance imaging. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1079. [PMID: 39227641 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria constitute a significant part of the biomass of the human microbiota, but their interactions are complex and difficult to replicate outside the host. Exploiting the superior resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine signal parameters of selected human isolates may allow tracking of their dispersion throughout the body. Here we investigate longitudinal and transverse MRI relaxation rates and found significant differences between several bacterial strains. Common commensal strains of lactobacilli display notably high MRI relaxation rates, partially explained by elevated cellular manganese content, while other species contain more iron than manganese. Lactobacillus crispatus show particularly high values, 4-fold greater than any other species; up to 60-fold greater signal than relevant tissue background; and a linear relationship between relaxation rate and fraction of live cells. Different bacterial strains have detectable, repeatable MRI relaxation rates that in the future may enable monitoring of their persistence in the human body for enhanced molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Donnelly
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Gabriel E Varela-Mattatall
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Qin Sun
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Neil Gelman
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Thiessen
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - R Terry Thompson
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
- Physics & Astronomy, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Frank S Prato
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
- Division of Urology and Surgery, Western University, London, Canada
- Centre for Human Microbiome Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Donna E Goldhawk
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada.
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada.
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada.
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2
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Guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims related to the immune system, the gastrointestinal tract and defence against pathogenic microorganisms. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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3
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to a Uroval® and urinary tract infection pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Ocean Spray Cranberry Products® and urinary tract infection in women - Scientific substantiation of a health claim related to Ocean Spray Cranberry Products® and urinary tract infection in women pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Henig
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Lakeville, MA 02349, USA.
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Sugaya K, Ogawa Y, Nishizawa O, de Groat WC. Decrease in intravesical saline volume during isovolumetric cystometry in the rat. Neurourol Urodyn 2000; 16:125-32. [PMID: 9042675 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6777(1997)16:2<125::aid-nau6>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine the change in intravesical saline volume during isovolumetric cystometry in the urethane anesthetized female rat. The ureters were transected bilaterally and their distal ends were ligated. To prevent leakage of intravesical fluid, the proximal urethra was ligated after inserting a urethral catheter into the bladder. In 13 rats in which the bladder was filled with different volumes of saline between 0.3 and 2.0 ml and maintained under isovolumetric conditions for 3 hours, intravesical volume decreased (4-79%) when initial intravesical saline volume was equal to or greater than 0.6 ml (n = 9). In 9 rats in which intravesical volume decreased, mean final volume was 0.68 +/- 0.09 ml. The percentage change in intravesical volume (y) significantly depended on initial volume (x) (y = -42x + 17, n = 13). In 7 rats in which the proximal urethra was ligated and the bladder was filled with different volumes of soybean oil between 0.25 and 2.0 ml, intravesical volume did not change. In 8 rats in which the bladder neck was ligated around a urethral catheter to block blood flow to the bladder and in which the bladder was filled with different volumes of saline (0.3-1.8 ml), intravesical volume decreased when initial volume was equal to or greater than 1.35 ml. These results demonstrate that intravesical saline is absorbed from the normal bladder wall when intravesical volume is greater than the volume (0.6 ml) necessary to evoke the micturition reflex in urethane anesthetized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sugaya
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Kuzminski
- Technical Research and Development, Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, MA 02349, USA
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Abstract
The recommendations for evaluation and management of pediatric patients with UTIs are summarized in Table 5. These recommendations were designed to minimize the risk of kidney damage in children with UTIs based on current perceptions of the pathogenesis of renal injury. The children at greatest risk for kidney damage are the infants and young children with febrile UTIs in whom effective treatment is delayed, those with gross VUR, and those with anatomic or neurogenic urinary tract obstruction. These recommendations likely will be modified as more is learned about the pathogenesis of renal injury associated with UTIs, as new therapeutic approaches are developed, and as imaging technology improves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hellerstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, USA
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Haraguchi GE, Zähringer U, Jann B, Jann K, Hull RA, Hull SI. Genetic characterization of the O4 polysaccharide gene cluster from Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog 1991; 10:351-61. [PMID: 1721674 DOI: 10.1016/0882-4010(91)90080-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli O4 serotype is among those commonly isolated from urinary tract infections. In order to study the genetics of the O-antigen, the O4 biosynthesis genes from a uropathogenic E. coli have previously been cloned into E. coli K-12. A subclone, GH58, has been identified which reacts with antisera against the O4 serotype. In contrast to the wild-type parental strain, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from this clone is devoid of rhamnose and does not cross-react with O18 antisera. The recombinant plasmid from GH58, pGH58, was used to transform the rfb deletion strain HU1190. The resultant strain agglutinates in O4 antisera, but produces unpolymerized LPS. Escherichia coli K-12 strains HB101 and RC712 containing pGH58 produce polymerized LPS, indicating that the genetic background of the host can influence the LPS encoded by recombinant molecules. A cosmid, pGH84, has been identified which encompasses the entire pGH58 gene sequences and includes an additional 34 kilobases of DNA. HU1190 containing this cosmid agglutinates in O4 antisera and produces a polymerized LPS. By constructing several deletion subclones of pGH84, we have localized the genes necessary for polymerized LPS to a 5.5 kb ClaI-BamHI fragment. P1 transductants that make polymerized and unpolymerized O4 LPS have also been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Haraguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most frequent cause of pyelonephritis. Its possible virulence factors include the ability to adhere and colonize the urinary tract, an important initiating factor in all urinary tract infections (UTIs). The importance of P fimbriae in this adhesion is stressed and the evidence for its importance in pyelonephritis is presented in epidemiologic studies of patients, as well as in animal studies. It appears that both host receptor density and the nonsecretor state is responsible for susceptibility to urinary tract infection. Vesicoureteral reflux can be responsible for ascending upper tract infection, but infection with P-fimbriated E coli may lead to ascending pyelonephritis without reflux because of the paralytic effect of lipid A on ureteral peristaltic activity. Renal ischemia leads to renal damage following infection by reperfusion damage due to the release of superoxide. Experimentally, this ischemic damage can be prevented by allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. The acute inflammatory response can produce renal damage because of the respiratory burst of phagocytosis, which while killing phagocytosed bacteria also damages renal tubules. An amelioration of the inflammatory response by treatment with superoxide dismutase or corticosteroids has been shown to modulate renal damage. Vaccination with P fimbriae has been shown experimentally to prevent the initiation of the disease. However, since vaccines are not clinically available, the clinical and animal studies on therapy of acute disease are stressed. Acute pyelonephritis during the first 3 years of life more often produced the renal damage that could lead to end-stage renal disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Roberts
- Department of Urology, Delta Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433
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Stover SL, Lloyd LK, Waites KB, Jackson AB. Urinary Tract Infection in Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(21)01647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dulawa J, Jann K, Thomsen M, Rambausek M, Ritz E. Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein interferes with bacterial adherence to human kidney cells. Eur J Clin Invest 1988; 18:87-91. [PMID: 3130265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1988.tb01171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Tamm Horsfall protein (THP) of 18 healthy subjects and 14 diabetics on adherence of Escherichia coli (06:K13) 2699 strain to human kidney cells (HUK) was studied. Adhesion of bacteria (without additions: 100 bacteria per cell) was reduced dose-dependently by THP, half maximal inhibition occurring with 250 micrograms THP ml-1. Maximal inhibition (-84% at 1000 micrograms ml-1) exceeded inhibition by alpha-methyl-mannoside (36% at 50 mM), was specific (not reproduced by other glycoproteins, e.g. ovalbumin, mucin or thyroglobulin) and reversible (abolished by washing THP off HUK cells). Anti-adherence property of THP was not abolished by neuraminidase treatment. No significant difference of anti-adherence activity of THP was found between controls and diabetics, despite altered carbohydrate composition of THP in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dulawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg, FRG
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Iványi B, Rumpelt HJ, Thoenes W. Acute human pyelonephritis: leukocytic infiltration of tubules and localization of bacteria. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. A, PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 1988; 414:29-37. [PMID: 3144801 DOI: 10.1007/bf00749735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The fine structural details of how leukocytes appear in the lumen of tubules and the localization of bacteria in the tubulo-interstitial space were studied by light and electronmicroscopy in renal cortical biopsy specimens from three patients with acute pyelonephritis. The cells of interstitial infiltrates infiltrated and sometimes disrupted the cortical collecting tubules preferentially, while inflammatory infiltration of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules occurred more rarely. Since the emigration of tubular wall-localized individual leukocytes into the lumen was not observed even in long series of thin sections, focal inflammatory disruption of the uriniferous ducts was considered to be the morphological basis of the intratubular accumulation of leukocytes. The structural simplicity of the collecting tubular cells is suggested to be the reason for their preferential involvement in the drainage of the interstitial suppuration, although a role for specific carbohydrate receptors cannot be excluded. The bacteria were usually found within the neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages of the interstitial infiltrates, and within and among the cells of leukocyte casts. Additionally, pure bacterial colonies were noticed in the lumen of a few collecting tubules. The problem of the adherence of the bacteria to the surface of the tubular cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Iványi
- Department of Pathology, University of Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
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Stewart L, Smith AL, Pellegrini CA, Motson RW, Way LW. Pigment gallstones form as a composite of bacterial microcolonies and pigment solids. Ann Surg 1987; 206:242-50. [PMID: 3632090 PMCID: PMC1493189 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-198709000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies have suggested that bacteria may contribute to pigment gallstone formation, the current experiments provide evidence that bacteria have a central role in this process. The studies included scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of gallstones, measurements of bacterial adherence to gallstones in vitro, and determination of glycocalyx elaboration by biliary bacteria. Gallstones from 85 patients were studied under SEM. Twenty-five (78%) of 32 pigment stones had evidence of bacterial microcolonies throughout the interior of the stones. Bacteria were absent from the interior of all 35 cholesterol stones studied. Composite stones (stones with separate pigment and cholesterol portions) showed evidence of bacteria within the pigment portions in 14 (78%) of 18 cases. Biliary bacteria adhered to the surface of pigment gallstones in vitro in 35 (90%) of 39 cases, compared with three (8%) of 39 cholesterol stones. Glycocalyx was elaborated by bacteria isolated from nine (82%) of 11 patients with either pigment or composite gallstones. One (33%) of three bacterial species from patients with cholesterol gallstone disease produced glycocalyx. These studies indicate that most pigment gallstones obtained from patients in Western cultures form as a composite of bacteria, bacterial glycocalyx, and pigment solids. Bacteria were found in the majority of black as well as brown pigment stones. These findings serve as the basis of a new theory of pigment stone formation in which bacteria and glycocalyx are postulated to be responsible for the precipitation and subsequent agglomeration of bilirubin pigment. These results also suggest that sepsis is more common in pigment gallstone disease because the stones can serve as a sanctuary for bacteria.
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