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Natarajan M, Habib SL, Reddick RL, Delma CR, Manickam K, Prihoda TJ, Werner SL, Mohan S. Endothelial cell-specific overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in Ins2Akita mice exacerbates diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:23-32. [PMID: 30424931 PMCID: PMC6344355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that global deficiency of eNOS in diabetic mice exacerbated renal lesions and that overexpression of eNOS may protect against tissue injury. Our study revealed for the first time overexpression of eNOS leads to disease progression rather than protection. Transgenic mice selectively expressing eNOS in endothelial cells (eNOSTg) were cross bred with Ins2Akita type-1 (AK) diabetic mice to generate eNOS overexpressing eNOSTg/AK mice. Wild type, eNOSTg, AK and eNOSTg/AK mice were assessed for kidney function and blood glucose levels. Remarkably, overexpressing eNOSTg mice showed evidence of unpredicted glomerular injury with segmental mesangiolysis and occasional microaneurysms. Notably, in eNOSTg/AK mice overexpression of eNOS led to increased glomerular/endothelial injury that was associated with increased superoxide levels and renal dysfunction. Results indicate for the first time that overexpressing eNOS in endothelial cells cannot ameliorate diabetic lesions, but paradoxically leads to progression of nephropathy likely due to eNOS uncoupling and superoxide upsurge. This novel finding has a significant impact on current therapeutic strategies to improve endothelial function and prevent progression of diabetic renal disease. Further, the eNOSTg/AK model developed in this study has significant translational potentials for elucidating the underlying mechanism implicated in the deflected function of eNOS in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Natarajan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Samy L Habib
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System and Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert L Reddick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Caroline R Delma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Krishnan Manickam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J Prihoda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sherry L Werner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sumathy Mohan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Attalla DM, Ahmed LA, Zaki HF, Khattab MM. Paradoxical effects of atorvastatin in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Role of oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:542-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Lim JH, Kim HW, Kim MY, Kim TW, Kim EN, Kim Y, Chung S, Kim YS, Choi BS, Kim YS, Chang YS, Kim HW, Park CW. Cinacalcet-mediated activation of the CaMKKβ-LKB1-AMPK pathway attenuates diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice by modulation of apoptosis and autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:270. [PMID: 29449563 PMCID: PMC5833853 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are harmoniously regulated biological processes for maintaining tissue homeostasis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a metabolic sensor to coordinate cellular survival and function in various organs, including the kidney. We investigated the renoprotective effects of cinacalcet in high-glucose treated human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs), murine podocytes and C57BLKS/J-db/db mice. In cultured HGECs and podocytes, cinacalcet decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis and increased autophagy that were attributed to the increment of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinaseβ (CaMKKβ)-Liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMPK and their downstream signals including the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increases in superoxide dismutases and B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2/BCL-2-associated X protein expression. Interestingly, intracellular chelator BAPTA-AM reversed cinacalcet-induced CaMKKβ elevation and LKB1 phosphorylation. Cinacalcet reduced albuminuria without influencing either blood glucose or Ca2+ concentration and ameliorated diabetes-induced renal damage, which were related to the increased expression of calcium-sensing receptor and the phosphorylation of CaMKKβ-LKB1. Subsequent activation of AMPK was followed by the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and phospho-Ser1177eNOS-nitric oxide, resulting in a decrease in apoptosis and oxidative stress as well as an increase in autophagy. Our results suggest that cinacalcet increases intracellular Ca2+ followed by an activation of CaMKKβ-LKB1-AMPK signaling in GECs and podocytes in the kidney, which provides a novel therapeutic means for type 2 diabetic nephropathy by modulation of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hee Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Nim Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yaeni Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Sik Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. .,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Puca AA, Spinetti G, Vono R, Vecchione C, Madeddu P. The genetics of exceptional longevity identifies new druggable targets for vascular protection and repair. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:169-174. [PMID: 27818232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis is a relatively new medical strategy in the field of cardiovascular diseases. The underpinning concept is that angiogenic growth factors or proangiogenic cells could be exploited therapeutically in cardiovascular patients to enhance native revascularization responses to an ischemic insult, thereby accelerating tissue healing. The initial enthusiasm generated by preclinical studies has been tempered by the modest success of clinical trials assessing therapeutic angiogenesis. Similarly, proangiogenic cell therapy has so far not maintained the original promises. Intriguingly, the current trend is to consider regeneration as a prerogative of the youngest organism. Consequentially, the embryonic and foetal models are attracting much attention for clinical translation into corrective modalities in the adulthood. Scientists seem to undervalue the lesson from Mother Nature, e.g. all humans are born young but very few achieve the goal of an exceptional healthy longevity. Either natural experimentation is driven by a supreme intelligence or stochastic phenomena, one has to accept the evidence that healthy longevity is the fruit of an evolutionary process lasting million years. It is therefore extremely likely that results of this natural experimentation are more reliable and translatable than the intensive, but very short human investigation on mechanisms governing repair and regeneration. With this preamble in mind, here we propose to shift the focus from the very beginning to the very end of human life and thus capture the secret of prolonged health span to improve well-being in the adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale A Puca
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy; University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmine Vecchione
- University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Krishnan M, Janardhanan P, Roman L, Reddick RL, Natarajan M, van Haperen R, Habib SL, de Crom R, Mohan S. Enhancing eNOS activity with simultaneous inhibition of IKKβ restores vascular function in Ins2(Akita+/-) type-1 diabetic mice. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1092-104. [PMID: 26214584 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of nitric oxide (NO) versus superoxide generation has a major role in the initiation and progression of endothelial dysfunction. Under conditions of high glucose, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) functions as a chief source of superoxide rather than NO. In order to improve NO bioavailability within the vessel wall in type-1 diabetes, we investigated treatment strategies that improve eNOS phosphorylation and NO-dependent vasorelaxation. We evaluated methods to increase the eNOS activity by (1) feeding Ins2(Akita) spontaneously diabetic (type-1) mice with l-arginine in the presence of sepiapterin, a precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin; (2) preventing eNOS/NO deregulation by the inclusion of inhibitor kappa B kinase beta (IKKβ) inhibitor, salsalate, in the diet regimen in combination with l-arginine and sepiapterin; and (3) independently increasing eNOS expression to improve eNOS activity and associated NO production through generating Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice that overexpress human eNOS predominantly in vascular endothelial cells. Our results clearly demonstrated that diet supplementation with l-arginine, sepiapterin along with salsalate improved phosphorylation of eNOS and enhanced vasorelaxation of thoracic/abdominal aorta in type-1 diabetic mice. More interestingly, despite the overexpression of eNOS, the in-house generated transgenic eNOS-GFP (TgeNOS-GFP)-Ins2(Akita) cross mice showed an unanticipated effect of reduced eNOS phosphorylation and enhanced superoxide production. Our results demonstrate that enhancement of endogenous eNOS activity by nutritional modulation is more beneficial than increasing the endogenous expression of eNOS by gene therapy modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Preethi Janardhanan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Linda Roman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert L Reddick
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mohan Natarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rien van Haperen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samy L Habib
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rini de Crom
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sumathy Mohan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Redox Signaling in Diabetic Nephropathy: Hypertrophy versus Death Choices in Mesangial Cells and Podocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:604208. [PMID: 26491232 PMCID: PMC4600552 DOI: 10.1155/2015/604208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review emphasizes the role of oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy, acting as trigger, modulator, and linker within the complex network of pathologic events. It highlights key molecular pathways and new hypothesis in diabetic nephropathy, related to the interferences of metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory stresses. Main topics this review is addressing are biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy, the sources of reactive oxygen species (mitochondria, NADPH-oxidases, hyperglycemia, and inflammation), and the redox-sensitive signaling networks (protein kinases, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulators). Molecular switches deciding on the renal cells fate in diabetic nephropathy are presented, such as hypertrophy versus death choices in mesangial cells and podocytes. Finally, the antioxidant response of renal cells in diabetic nephropathy is tackled, with emphasis on targeted therapy. An integrative approach is needed for identifying key molecular networks which control cellular responses triggered by the array of stressors in diabetic nephropathy. This will foster the discovery of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis, and will guide the discovery of new therapeutic approaches for personalized medicine in diabetic nephropathy.
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Molodzova ID, Medvedev DS, Polyakova VO, Linkova NS, Gurko GI. Influence of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation on nitric oxide synthesis with aging of vessel endothelium in vitro. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057015020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kozlov KL, Soldatov VM, Paltseva EM, Sedov EV, Polyakova VO, Linkova NS. Endothelial signaling molecules in the development of age-associated diseases. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057015020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ma ZJ, Chen R, Ren HZ, Guo X, Chen JG, Chen LM. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 4b/a polymorphism and the risk of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2014; 2:50-62. [PMID: 25606389 PMCID: PMC4287804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have accessed the association between eNOS-4b/a polymorphism and the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) among type 2 diabetic subjects. However, the results are conflicting and inconclusive. The aim of current meta-analysis was to more precisely estimate the relationship. Pubmed, Embase, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Wanfang Database were searched for articles published up to May 26th, 2013 that addressed eNOS-4b/a polymorphism and the risk of DN among type 2 diabetic subjects. 18 studies were included in this meta-analysis. eNOS-4b/a polymorphisms were associated with an overall significantly increased risk of DN (allele model: OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.14-1.82; additive model: OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.14-3.62; dominant model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.07-1.68; recessive model: OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.12-3.61). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant association between the eNOS-4b/a polymorphism and DN in Asian population, especially in Chinese population, but not in non Asian populations. Our meta-analysis supported an association between the 4b/a polymorphism of eNOS gene and increased risk of DN in type 2 diabetes among Asians, especially in Chinese population.
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Key Words
- 4b/a
- ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme
- CI, confidence interval
- CNKI, China National Knowledge Infrastructure
- DN, diabetic nephropathy
- Diabetic nephropathy
- ESRD, end-stage renal disease
- FEM, fixed-effects model
- HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
- MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- Meta-analysis
- OR, odds ratio
- Polymorphism
- REM, random-effects model
- eNOS
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li-ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Tessari P. Nitric oxide in the normal kidney and in patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Nephrol 2014; 28:257-68. [PMID: 25216787 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas with biological and regulatory properties, produced from arginine by the way of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), and with a very short half-life (few seconds). A "coupled" NOS activity leads to NO generation, whereas its uncoupling produces the reactive oxygen species peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Uncoupling is usually due to inflammation, oxidative stress, decreased cofactor availability, or excessive NO production. Competitive inhibitors of NO production are post-translationally methylated arginine residues in proteins, which are constantly released into the circulation. NO availability is altered in many clinical conditions associated with vascular dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus. The kidney plays an important role in body NO homeostasis. This article provides an overview of current literature, on NO production/availability, with a focus on diabetic nephropathy. In diabetes, NO availability is usually decreased (with exception of the early, hyper filtration phase of nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes), and it could constitute a factor of the generalized vasculopathy present in diabetic nephropathy. NO generation in Type 2 diabetes with nephropathy is inversely associated with the dimethyl-arginine concentrations, which are therefore important modulators of NO synthesis independently from the classic stimulatory pathways (such as the insulin effect). A disturbed NO metabolism is present in diabetes associated with nephropathy. Although modulation of NO production is not yet a common therapeutical strategy, a number of yet experimental compounds need to be tested as potential interventions to treat the vascular dysfunction and nephropathy in diabetes, as well as in other diseased states. Finally, in diabetic nephropathy NO deficiency may be associated to that of hydrogen sulfide, another interesting gaseous mediator which is increasingly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tessari
- Metabolism Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy,
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