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Li J, Li XL, Li CQ. Immunoregulation mechanism of VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors and its efficacy on the kidney. Am J Med Sci 2023; 366:404-412. [PMID: 37699444 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and immunosuppression are closely related pathophysiologic processes. Widely prescribed in malignant tumor and proliferative retinal lesions, VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors may cause hypertension and renal injury in some patients, presenting with proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure and thrombotic microangiopathy. VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors block the action of both VEGF-A and VEGF-C. However, VEGF-A and VEGF-C produced by podocytes are vital to maintain the physiological function of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes. There is still no effective treatment for kidney disease associated with VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors and some patients have progressive renal failure even after withdrawal of the drug. Recent studies reveal that blocking of VEGF-A and VEGF-C can activate CD4 +and CD8+ T cells, augment antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells, enhance cytotoxicity of macrophages and initiate complement cascade activation. VEGF and VEGFR are expressed in immune cells, which are involved in the immunosuppression and cross-talk among immune cells. This review summarizes the expression and function of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in the kidney. The current immunoregulation mechanisms of VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors are reviewed. Finally, combinate strategies are summarized to highlight the proposal for VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Qing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Chugh SS, Clement LC. "Idiopathic" minimal change nephrotic syndrome: a podocyte mystery nears the end. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F685-F694. [PMID: 37795536 PMCID: PMC10878723 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00219.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of zinc fingers and homeoboxes (ZHX) transcriptional factors and the upregulation of hyposialylated angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in podocytes have been crucial in explaining the cardinal manifestations of human minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). Recently, uncovered genomic defects upstream of ZHX2 induce a ZHX2 hypomorph state that makes podocytes inherently susceptible to mild cytokine storms resulting from a common cold. In ZHX2 hypomorph podocytes, ZHX proteins are redistributed away from normal transmembrane partners like aminopeptidase A (APA) toward alternative binding partners like IL-4Rα. During disease relapse, high plasma soluble IL-4Rα (sIL-4Rα) associated with chronic atopy complements the cytokine milieu of a common cold to displace ZHX1 from podocyte transmembrane IL-4Rα toward the podocyte nucleus. Nuclear ZHX1 induces severe upregulation of ANGPTL4, resulting in incomplete sialylation of part of the ANGPTL4 protein, secretion of hyposialylated ANGPTL4, and hyposialylation-related injury in the glomerulus. This pattern of injury induces many of the classic manifestations of human minimal change disease (MCD), including massive and selective proteinuria, podocyte foot process effacement, and loss of glomerular basement membrane charge. Administration of glucocorticoids reduces ANGPTL4 upregulation, which reduces hyposialylation injury to improve the clinical phenotype. Improving sialylation of podocyte-secreted ANGPTL4 also reduces proteinuria and improves experimental MCD. Neutralizing circulating TNF-α, IL-6, or sIL-4Rα after the induction of the cytokine storm in Zhx2 hypomorph mice reduces albuminuria, suggesting potential new therapeutic targets for clinical trials to prevent MCD relapse. These studies collectively lay to rest prior suggestions of a role of single cytokines or soluble proteins in triggering MCD relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumant S Chugh
- Glomerular Disease Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Lionel C Clement
- Glomerular Disease Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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3
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Vincenti F, Angeletti A, Ghiggeri GM. State of the art in childhood nephrotic syndrome: concrete discoveries and unmet needs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1167741. [PMID: 37503337 PMCID: PMC10368981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a clinical entity characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and peripheral edema. NS affects about 2-7 per 100,000 children aged below 18 years old yearly and is classified, based on the response to drugs, into steroid sensitive (SSNS), steroid dependent, (SDNS), multidrug dependent (MDNS), and multidrug resistant (MRNS). Forms of NS that are more difficult to treat are associated with a worse outcome with respect to renal function. In particular, MRNS commonly progresses to end stage renal failure requiring renal transplantation, with recurrence of the original disease in half of the cases. Histological presentations of NS may vary from minimal glomerular lesions (MCD) to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and, of relevance, the histological patterns do not correlate with the response to treatments. Moreover, around half of MRNS cases are secondary to causative pathogenic variants in genes involved in maintaining the glomerular structure. The pathogenesis of NS is still poorly understood and therapeutic approaches are mostly based on clinical experience. Understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms of NS is one of the 'unmet needs' in nephrology and represents a significant challenge for the scientific community. The scope of the present review includes exploring relevant findings, identifying unmet needs, and reviewing therapeutic developments that characterize NS in the last decades. The main aim is to provide a basis for new perspectives and mechanistic studies in NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Vincenti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Laletin V, Bernard PL, Costa da Silva C, Guittard G, Nunes JA. Negative intracellular regulators of T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling as potential antitumor immunotherapy targets. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005845. [PMID: 37217244 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy strategies aim to mobilize immune defenses against tumor cells by targeting mainly T cells. Co-inhibitory receptors or immune checkpoints (ICPs) (such as PD-1 and CTLA4) can limit T cell receptor (TCR) signal propagation in T cells. Antibody-based blocking of immune checkpoints (immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs) enable escape from ICP inhibition of TCR signaling. ICI therapies have significantly impacted the prognosis and survival of patients with cancer. However, many patients remain refractory to these treatments. Thus, alternative approaches for cancer immunotherapy are needed. In addition to membrane-associated inhibitory molecules, a growing number of intracellular molecules may also serve to downregulate signaling cascades triggered by TCR engagement. These molecules are known as intracellular immune checkpoints (iICPs). Blocking the expression or the activity of these intracellular negative signaling molecules is a novel field of action to boost T cell-mediated antitumor responses. This area is rapidly expanding. Indeed, more than 30 different potential iICPs have been identified. Over the past 5 years, several phase I/II clinical trials targeting iICPs in T cells have been registered. In this study, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical data demonstrating that immunotherapies targeting T cell iICPs can mediate regression of solid tumors including (membrane associated) immune-checkpoint inhibitor refractory cancers. Finally, we discuss how these iICPs are targeted and controlled. Thereby, iICP inhibition is a promising strategy opening new avenues for future cancer immunotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Laletin
- Immunity and Cancer, Cancer Research Centre Marseille, Marseille, France
- Onco-hematology and immuno-oncology (OHIO), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Bernard
- Immunity and Cancer, Cancer Research Centre Marseille, Marseille, France
- Onco-hematology and immuno-oncology (OHIO), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Cathy Costa da Silva
- Immunity and Cancer, Cancer Research Centre Marseille, Marseille, France
- Onco-hematology and immuno-oncology (OHIO), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Geoffrey Guittard
- Immunity and Cancer, Cancer Research Centre Marseille, Marseille, France
- Onco-hematology and immuno-oncology (OHIO), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques A Nunes
- Immunity and Cancer, Cancer Research Centre Marseille, Marseille, France
- Onco-hematology and immuno-oncology (OHIO), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
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5
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Chen YY, Ding Y, Li LL, Han SS, Huang M, Wong CCL, Yu F, Zhao MH. Proteomic profiling of kidney samples in patients with pure membranous and proliferative lupus nephritis. Lupus 2022; 31:837-847. [PMID: 35446734 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221094711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Renal injury in lupus nephritis (LN) does not manifest as one uniform entity. The clinical presentation, management, and prognosis of membranous LN (MLN) differ from that of the proliferative LN (PLN). Differentiating the molecular mechanisms involved in MLN and PLN and discovering the reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and target therapy are important. We compared the kidney protein expression patterns of 11 pure MLN and 12 pure PLN patients on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) kidney tissues using label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for quantitative proteomics analysis. FunRich software was used to identify proteins in differentially expressed pathways. Quantitative comparisons of differentially expressed proteins in each patient were further analyzed based on protein intensity levels determined by LC-MS. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was established through Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database (STRING) website, visualized by Cytoscape. A total of 5112 proteins were identified. In total, 12 significantly upregulated (fold change ≥2, p < 0.05) proteins were identified in the MLN group and 220 proteins (fold change ≥2, p < 0.05) were upregulated in the PLN group. Further analysis showed that the most significant upregulated pathway involved in MLN was histone deacetylase (HDAC) class I pathway, and the three most significant upregulated pathways in PLN were interferon signaling, interferon gamma signaling, and the immune system. Next, we selected sirtuin-2 (SIRT2) in MLN, and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM1) and Bcl-xl in PLN for further mass spectrometry (MS) intensity and PPI analysis. SIRT2 expression was significantly increased in the MLN group compared with the PLN group, and VCAM1, Bcl-xl expression was significantly increased in the PLN group compared with the MLN group, based on MS intensity. These results may help to improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of MLN and PLN and provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of different subclasses of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ying Chen
- Renal Division, Department of medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, 26447Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- Renal Division, Department of medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, 26447Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Sha-Sha Han
- Department of Nephrology, 117555Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimeric Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine C L Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimeric Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Renal Division, Department of medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, 26447Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, PR, China.,Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, 26447Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, PR, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PR. China Renal Division, Department of Medicine, 26447Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Tonooka A, Ohashi R. Current trends of anti-cancer molecular targeted therapies: a narrative review focusing on renal complications and their histological features. J NIPPON MED SCH 2021; 89:128-138. [PMID: 34840210 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2022_89-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the recent advancements in cancer treatment, the emergence of novel drugs targeting a specific molecule has considerably modulated the therapeutic strategies. Despite the efficacy, the associated renal complications distinct from conventional chemotherapeutic drugs have been reported. Targeted therapy drugs include monoclonal antibodies and small molecule agents. Bevacizumab is one of the monoclonal antibodies that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and blocks tumor angiogenesis. This anti-angiogenic effect causes endothelial injury, resulting in "thrombotic microangiopathy-like lesion" confined to the glomerulus. Segmental hyalinosis of the glomerular tuft is also observed. The small molecular agents, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as pazopanib, can cause endothelial injury and podocytopathy through blocking VEGF receptors and their downstream signaling. Minimal change nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis are associated with TKIs-induced renal complications. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1, CTLA-4 and PD-L1, are a novel form of immunotherapy against cancer, which modulates immune checkpoints. Owing to its unique function, ICIs cause inflammatory side effects referred to as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). irAEs in the kidney commonly include acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and tubulitis, occasionally accompanied by granuloma formation. The occurrence of vasculitis, thrombotic microangiopathy, and glomerulonephritis is also reported. Renal toxicity associated with other molecular drugs such as protease inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors has also been documented. In this article, we review the clinico-histopathological aspects of renal complications associated with molecular targeted therapies, focusing on anti-VEGF agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors from the pathologists' viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tonooka
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research.,Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Komagome Hospital
| | - Ryuji Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School
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CMIP SNPs and their haplotypes are associated with dyslipidaemia and clinicopathologic features of IgA nephropathy. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226655. [PMID: 33112407 PMCID: PMC7593538 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between serum lipid profiles and related clinicopathologic features of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and c-Maf-inducing protein (CMIP) gene polymorphisms is unclear. The present study was designed to examine the effect of CMIP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on dyslipidaemia and clinicopathologic features of IgAN. Clinical and pathological data from patients with IgAN diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were collected. DNA was extracted from blood samples. CMIP rs2925979 and CMIP rs16955379 genotypes were determined by PCR and direct sequencing. Among 543 patients, 281 had dyslipidaemia (51.7%). Compared with the non-dyslipidaemia group, the dyslipidaemia group exhibited higher blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and body mass index; higher prevalence of oedema, haematuria, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis; and lower albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate. In the dyslipidaemia group, the frequency of C allele carriers was higher than that of non-C allele carriers for rs16955379. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein were associated with rs16955379C allele carriers. Apolipoprotein B was associated with A allele carriers of rs2925979. Linkage disequilibrium was observed between rs16955379 and rs2925979, and rs2925979G-rs16955379T was the most common haplotype. The frequencies of the four CMIP SNP haplotypes differed between dyslipidaemia and non-dyslipidaemia groups in IgAN (P<0.05, for all above). Dyslipidaemia is a common complication in IgAN patients, and those with dyslipidaemia present poor clinicopathologic features. CMIP SNPs and their haplotypes are closely correlated with the occurrence of dyslipidaemia and clinicopathologic damage in IgAN patients.
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Gu X, Zhang S, Zhang T. Abnormal Crosstalk between Endothelial Cells and Podocytes Mediates Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040869. [PMID: 33921219 PMCID: PMC8070074 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and its receptor VEGFR2 are the main targets of antiangiogenic therapies, and proteinuria is one of the common adverse events associated with the inhibition of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 pathway. The proteinuric kidney damage induced by VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is characterized by podocyte foot process effacement. TKI therapy promotes the formation of abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk, which plays a key role in TKI-induced podocyte injury and proteinuric nephropathy. This review article summarizes the underlying mechanism by which the abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk mediates podocyte injury and discusses the possible molecules and signal pathways involved in abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk. What is more, we highlight the molecules involved in podocyte injury and determine the essential roles of Rac1 and Cdc42; this provides evidence for exploring the abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk in TKI-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ti Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-6417-5590
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The Enigmatic Emerging Role of the C-Maf Inducing Protein in Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040666. [PMID: 33917766 PMCID: PMC8068179 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-Maf-Inducing protein (CMIP) was first described as overexpressed in T cell subpopulations of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) patients. Later, it was found concomitantly upregulated in podocytes. CMIP expression has also been reported in several types of cancer, including blood malignancies and solid tumors, in many cases accompanied by nephrotic syndrome. In addition to these observations, the duality of CMIP overexpression in the kidney and INS lesions, has been extensively reported as one of the adverse effects of anticancer therapy based on anti-receptor tyrosine kinase drugs. As a consequence, a growing body of evidence points at CMIP as playing a role in cancer. This includes its reciprocal regulatory ties with NF-κB and WT1, and the more recent reports showing an involvement in regulatory circuits in cancer cells. The ensemble of the current information justifies to propose CMIP as an important piece of the puzzle of biological systems involved in cancer and other diseases and its potential as a target.
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Jo HA, Hyeon JS, Yang SH, Jung Y, Ha H, Jeong CW, Kwak C, Kim Y, Lee H, Lee JP, Joo KW, Lim CS, Kim YS, Hwang GS, Kim DK. Fumarate modulates phospholipase A2 receptor autoimmunity-induced podocyte injury in membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int 2020; 99:443-455. [PMID: 32712166 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Downstream mechanisms that lead to podocyte injury following phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) autoimmunity remain elusive. To help define this we compared urinary metabolomic profiles of patients with PLA2R-associated membranous nephropathy (MN) at the time of kidney biopsy with those of patients with minimal change disease (MCD) and to healthy individuals. Among the metabolites differentially expressed in patients with PLA2R-associated MN compared to healthy individuals, fumarate was the only significant differentially expressed metabolite in PLA2R-associated MN compared to MCD [fold-difference vs. healthy controls and vs. MCD: 1.76 and 1.60, respectively]. High urinary fumarate levels could predict the composite outcome of PLA2R-associated MN. Fumarate hydratase, which hydrolyzes fumarate, colocalized with podocalyxin, and its expression was lower in glomerular sections from patients with PLA2R-associated MN than in those from healthy individuals, patients with non-PLA2R-associated MN or MCD. Podocytes stimulated with IgG purified from serum with a high anti-PLA2R titer (MN-IgG) decreased expression of fumarate hydratase and increased fumarate levels. These changes were coupled to alterations in the expression of molecules involved in the phenotypic profile of podocytes (WT1, ZO-1, Snail, and fibronectin), an increase in albumin flux across the podocyte layer and the production of reactive oxygen species in podocytes. However, overexpression of fumarate hydratase ameliorated these alterations. Furthermore, knockdown of fumarate hydratase exhibited synergistic effects with MN-IgG treatment. Thus, fumarate may promote changes in the phenotypic profiles of podocytes after the development of PLA2R autoimmunity. These findings suggest that fumarate could serve as a potential target for the treatment of PLA2R-associated MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Ah Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Jin Seong Hyeon
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngae Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yaerim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwon Wook Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea; Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Li Y, Cui S, Shi W, Yang B, Yuan Y, Yan S, Li Y, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Linlin Zhang. Differential placental methylation in preeclampsia, preterm and term pregnancies. Placenta 2020; 93:56-63. [PMID: 32250740 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recently, the role of epigenetic modifications in preeclampsia has been a focus of research. This study was to identified genes or pathways that may be associated with PE, and discuss whether the changes in the methylation level of these genes is related to the pathogenesis of PE. METHODS The methylation levels of placental tissues between PE (n = 4), preterm birth (PB, n = 4) and term birth (TB, n = 4) were detected by Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation850 K BeadChip. Pyrosequencing and qRT-PCR were used to validated the methylation and expression levels of the genes with the most significant differences. RESULTS The global methylation levels of placenta tissues in PE and PB were both higher compared to TB. After eliminated the effect of gestational age, there were 808 gene probes differentially methylated in PE compared to PB. We found 137 genes with 130 genes hypermethylated and 7 genes hypomethylated. CMIP, BLCAP and MICA genes were with the most significant differential methylation. The expression level of CMIP and BLCAP were both negatively correlated to the methylation levels, while the expression level of MICA was not related to its methylation levels. CONCLUSION The methylation levels in placenta tissues were associated with gestational ages. We indicated the expression levels of the significantly methylated genes were negatively correlated with the methylation levels, further functional researches were still needed to find out whether they are associated with the onset of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Shihong Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Wenli Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yangyang Yuan
- Department of Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Shujun Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yajuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China; Department of Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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12
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Candelier JJ, Lorenzo HK. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and serum permeability factors: a molecular jigsaw puzzle. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:231-243. [PMID: 31848752 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is traditionally defined using the triad of edema, hypoalbuminemia, and proteinuria, but this syndrome is very heterogeneous and difficult to clarify. Its idiopathic form (INS) is probably the most harmful and essentially comprises two entities: minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). We will consider some hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying INS: (i) the presence of several glomerular permeability factors in the sera of patients that alter the morphology and function of podocytes leading to proteinuria, (ii) the putative role of immune cells. Thanks to recent data, our understanding of these disorders is evolving towards a more multifactorial origin. In this context, circulating factors may be associated according to sequential kinetic mechanisms or micro-environmental changes that need to be determined. In addition, the resulting proteinuria may trigger more proteinuria enhancing the glomerular destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Candelier
- INSERM U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Campus Universitaire d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Hans-Kristian Lorenzo
- INSERM U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, Campus Universitaire d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France. .,Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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13
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Sakhi H, Moktefi A, Bouachi K, Audard V, Hénique C, Remy P, Ollero M, El Karoui K. Podocyte Injury in Lupus Nephritis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091340. [PMID: 31470591 PMCID: PMC6780135 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a broad spectrum of renal lesions. In lupus glomerulonephritis, histological classifications are based on immune-complex (IC) deposits and hypercellularity lesions (mesangial and/or endocapillary) in the glomeruli. However, there is compelling evidence to suggest that glomerular epithelial cells, and podocytes in particular, are also involved in glomerular injury in patients with SLE. Podocytes now appear to be not only subject to collateral damage due to glomerular capillary lesions secondary to IC and inflammatory processes, but they are also a potential direct target in lupus nephritis. Improvements in our understanding of podocyte injury could improve the classification of lupus glomerulonephritis. Indeed, podocyte injury may be prominent in two major presentations: lupus podocytopathy and glomerular crescent formation, in which glomerular parietal epithelial cells play also a key role. We review here the contribution of podocyte impairment to different presentations of lupus nephritis, focusing on the podocyte signaling pathways involved in these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Sakhi
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Anissa Moktefi
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Pathology, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Khedidja Bouachi
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Carole Hénique
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Remy
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Khalil El Karoui
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France.
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France.
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France.
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14
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Oniszczuk J, Sendeyo K, Chhuon C, Savas B, Cogné E, Vachin P, Henique C, Guerrera IC, Astarita G, Frontera V, Pawlak A, Audard V, Sahali D, Ollero M. CMIP is a negative regulator of T cell signaling. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:1026-1041. [PMID: 31395948 PMCID: PMC7609264 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon their interaction with cognate antigen, T cells integrate different extracellular and intracellular signals involving basal and induced protein–protein interactions, as well as the binding of proteins to lipids, which can lead to either cell activation or inhibition. Here, we show that the selective T cell expression of CMIP, a new adapter protein, by targeted transgenesis drives T cells toward a naïve phenotype. We found that CMIP inhibits activation of the Src kinases Fyn and Lck after CD3/CD28 costimulation and the subsequent localization of Fyn and Lck to LRs. Video microscopy analysis showed that CMIP blocks the recruitment of LAT and the lipid raft marker cholera toxin B at the site of TCR engagement. Proteomic analysis identified several protein clusters differentially modulated by CMIP and, notably, Cofilin-1, which is inactivated in CMIP-expressing T cells. Moreover, transgenic T cells exhibited the downregulation of GM3 synthase, a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of gangliosides. These results suggest that CMIP negatively impacts proximal signaling and cytoskeletal rearrangement and defines a new mechanism for the negative regulation of T cells that could be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Oniszczuk
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Kelhia Sendeyo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Cerina Chhuon
- Proteomic Platform Necker, PPN-3P5, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Berkan Savas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Etienne Cogné
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Pauline Vachin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Carole Henique
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomic Platform Necker, PPN-3P5, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vincent Frontera
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Andre Pawlak
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service de Néphrologie, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Institut Francilien De Recherche En Néphrologie Et Transplantation, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Dil Sahali
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France. .,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France. .,AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service de Néphrologie, F-94010, Créteil, France. .,Institut Francilien De Recherche En Néphrologie Et Transplantation, F-94010, Créteil, France.
| | - Mario Ollero
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, UMRS 955, Equipe 21, F-94010, Créteil, France
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15
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Arrestier R, Satie AP, Zhang SY, Plaisier E, Isnard-Bagnis C, Gatault P, Raimbourg Q, Buob D, Vocila F, Heng AE, Francois H, Moktefi A, Canaud G, Matignon M, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Brocheriou I, Sahali D, Audard V. Minimal change nephrotic syndrome in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a retrospective study of 8 cases. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:331. [PMID: 30458703 PMCID: PMC6247501 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with diverse glomerular diseases. Characteristics of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) in this setting have been little studied, and the specific features of this uncommon association remain to be determined. Methods We conduct a retrospective study. Clinical, biological and pathological characteristics of patients with MCNS and HIV infection were assessed. We evaluated HIV infection by in situ hybridization and CMIP expression by immunochemistry on kidney biopsies and compared it to HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and idiopathic MCNS. Results Eight patients were identifies. In all but one of these cases, MCNS occurred after HIV diagnosis (mean of 9.5 years). Acute kidney injury was detected in three cases. Mean CD4+ lymphocyte count was 733/mm3 and three patients had a detectable HIV viral load. In situ hybridization for HIV-1 RNA detection yielded a positive signal in a few tubular cells in the renal parenchyma in two of four patients with HIV infection associated with MCNS. Podocytes of these patients presented strong positive immunostaining for CMIP (4/4). Three patients suffered steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, and another two patients had at least one relapse. Rituximab treatment was initiated in four cases. After a median follow-up of 20 months, all patients were in remission (complete in 5 cases). Conclusions In patients with MCNS occurring in a context of HIV infection, podocyte injury seems to be associated with CMIP induction rather than renal HIV infection but further studies are needed to determine the molecular link between these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Arrestier
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Service de Néphrologie et de Transplantation, Centre de Référence Maladie Rare Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, Hôpital Henri-Mondor/Albert-Chenevier, F-94000, Créteil, France. .,Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), UMR-S955, F-94000, Créteil, France. .,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U955, équipe 21, F-94000, Créteil, France.
| | - Anne-Pascale Satie
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique), F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Shao-Yu Zhang
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), UMR-S955, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U955, équipe 21, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuelle Plaisier
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Service de Néphrologie, Centre de Référence Maladie Rare Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Isnard-Bagnis
- AP-HP, Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Gatault
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Hôpital Bretonneau, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Quentin Raimbourg
- AP-HP, Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - David Buob
- AP-HP, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Flavia Vocila
- Service de Néphrologie Centre Hospitalier de Cannes, F-06400, Cannes, France
| | - Anne-Elisabeth Heng
- Service de Néphrologie, Dialyse, Transplantation, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 1019, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Helene Francois
- AP-HP, Service Médecine Interne et Immunologie clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anissa Moktefi
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), UMR-S955, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U955, équipe 21, F-94000, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Henri-Mondor/Albert-Chenevier, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Adultes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marie Matignon
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Service de Néphrologie et de Transplantation, Centre de Référence Maladie Rare Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, Hôpital Henri-Mondor/Albert-Chenevier, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), UMR-S955, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U955, équipe 21, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Nathalie Dejucq-Rainsford
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique), F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Brocheriou
- AP-HP, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, F 75013, Paris, France
| | - Dil Sahali
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Service de Néphrologie et de Transplantation, Centre de Référence Maladie Rare Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, Hôpital Henri-Mondor/Albert-Chenevier, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), UMR-S955, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U955, équipe 21, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Service de Néphrologie et de Transplantation, Centre de Référence Maladie Rare Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, Hôpital Henri-Mondor/Albert-Chenevier, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), UMR-S955, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U955, équipe 21, F-94000, Créteil, France
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16
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Bouachi K, Moktefi A, Zhang SY, Oniszczuk J, Sendeyo K, Remy P, Audard V, Pawlak A, Ollero M, Sahali D. Expression of CMIP in podocytes is restricted to specific classes of lupus nephritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207066. [PMID: 30439969 PMCID: PMC6237342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus glomerulopathies are classified into various histological patterns, which probably result from different pathophysiological origins. Podocyte injury can be demonstrated in lupus nephritis but its clinical relevance is far little appreciated and is often masked by proliferative lesions and inflammatory cell infiltrations. Two patterns of podocyte lesions may be considered, either occurring in the context of renal inflammation or reflecting podocyte dysfunction in non-proliferative and non-inflammatory glomerulopathies. This distinction remains elusive since no reliable biomarker discriminates between both entities. CMIP was recently found induced in some glomerular disease but its expression in different lupus nephritis classes has not been investigated. Twenty-four adult patients with lupus nephritis, including non-proliferative (n = 11) and proliferative (n = 13) glomerulopathies were analyzed. Clinical, biological and immunological data were compared with immunomorphological findings. We analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods the expression of CMIP in different histological classes. We found CMIP abundance selectively increased in podocytes in class II and class V glomerulopathies, while in proliferative forms (class III and class IV), CMIP was rarely detected. CMIP was not expressed in cellular crescents, endothelial cells or mesangial cells. CMIP colocalized with some subsets of B and T cells within glomerular or interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrates but never with macrophages. Hematuria is rarely present in lupus glomerulopathies expressing CMIP. There was no correlation between classical immunological markers and CMIP expression. Thus, CMIP induction in lupus nephritis seems restricted to non-proliferative glomerulopathies and may define a specific pattern of podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khedidja Bouachi
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Créteil, France
| | - Anissa Moktefi
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Department of Pathology, Créteil, France
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Shao-yu Zhang
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Julie Oniszczuk
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Kelhia Sendeyo
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Remy
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Créteil, France
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Créteil, France
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Andre Pawlak
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Djillali Sahali
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Créteil, France
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Equipe 21, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Mo MQ, Pan L, Lu QM, Li QL, Liao YH. The association of the CMIP rs16955379 polymorphism with dyslipidemia and the clinicopathological features of IgA nephropathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:5008-5023. [PMID: 31949578 PMCID: PMC6962923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is among the most common primary glomerular diseases. The prognosis in IgAN is affected by dyslipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The c-Maf inducing protein (CMIP) gene has been found to be associated with lipid metabolism. But the association between the CMIP rs16955379 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and dyslipidemia or the related clinicopathological features in IgAN have not been reported thus far. The present study investigated the correlation between them. The CMIP rs16955379 SNP genotypes of 300 subjects with IgAN recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were identified by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Compared with the control (normal lipid) group, the dyslipidemia group with IgAN had higher blood uric acid, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urinary protein quantity, higher proportions of mesangial cell proliferation and renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (IFTA), and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum albumin. The frequencies of the CMIP rs16955379 SNP TT genotype and T allele in the dyslipidemia group were higher than in the control group. Triglyceride, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoA1/B, incidences of mesangial cell proliferation, and IFTA were higher in TT genotype carriers than in CC/CT genotype carriers. Serum lipid profiles and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with renal dysfunction and IFTA. IgAN patients with the TT genotype were more likely to have dyslipidemia, renal dysfunction and IFTA (P < 0.05 for all above). These results indicate that CMIP rs16955379 SNP may be a genetic susceptibility gene for dyslipidemia and poor renal outcome in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Qiu Mo
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Mei Lu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Lin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Hua Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Yu SMW, Nissaisorakarn P, Husain I, Jim B. Proteinuric Kidney Diseases: A Podocyte's Slit Diaphragm and Cytoskeleton Approach. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:221. [PMID: 30255020 PMCID: PMC6141722 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuric kidney diseases are a group of disorders with diverse pathological mechanisms associated with significant losses of protein in the urine. The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), comprised of the three important layers, the fenestrated glomerular endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and the podocyte, dictates that disruption of any one of these structures should lead to proteinuric disease. Podocytes, in particular, have long been considered as the final gatekeeper of the GFB. This specialized visceral epithelial cell contains a complex framework of cytoskeletons forming foot processes and mediate important cell signaling to maintain podocyte health. In this review, we will focus on slit diaphragm proteins such as nephrin, podocin, TRPC6/5, as well as cytoskeletal proteins Rho/small GTPases and synaptopodin and their respective roles in participating in the pathogenesis of proteinuric kidney diseases. Furthermore, we will summarize the potential therapeutic options targeting the podocyte to treat this group of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mon-Wei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Irma Husain
- Department of Medicine, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Belinda Jim
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.,Renal Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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19
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Bertelli R, Bonanni A, Caridi G, Canepa A, Ghiggeri GM. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms for Proteinuria in Minimal Change Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:170. [PMID: 29942802 PMCID: PMC6004767 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal Change Disease (MCD) is a clinical condition characterized by acute nephrotic syndrome, no evident renal lesions at histology and good response to steroids. However, frequent recurrence of the disease requires additional therapies associated with steroids. Such multi-drug dependence and frequent relapses may cause disease evolution to focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) over time. The differences between the two conditions are not well defined, since molecular mechanisms may be shared by the two diseases. In some cases, genetic analysis can make it possible to distinguish MCD from FSGS; however, there are cases of overlap. Several hypotheses on mechanisms underlying MCD and potential molecular triggers have been proposed. Most studies were conducted on animal models of proteinuria that partially mimic MCD and may be useful to study glomerulosclerosis evolution; however, they do not demonstrate a clear-cut separation between MCD and FSGS. Puromycin Aminonucleoside and Adriamycin nephrosis are models of glomerular oxidative damage, characterized by loss of glomerular basement membrane polyanions resembling MCD at the onset and, at more advanced stages, by glomerulosclerosis resembling FSGS. Also Buffalo/Mna rats present initial lesions of MCD, subsequently evolving to FSGS; this mechanism of renal damage is clearer since this rat strain inherits the unique characteristic of overexpressing Th2 cytokines. In Lipopolysaccharide nephropathy, an immunological condition of renal toxicity linked to B7-1(CD80), mice develop transient proteinuria that lasts a few days. Overall, animal models are useful and necessary considering that they reproduce the evolution from MCD to FSGS that is, in part, due to persistence of proteinuria. The role of T/Treg/Bcells on human MCD has been discussed. Many cytokines, immunomodulatory mechanisms, and several molecules have been defined as a specific cause of proteinuria. However, the hypothesis of a single cell subset or molecule as cause of MCD is not supported by research and an interactive process seems more logical. The implication or interactive role of oxidants, Th2 cytokines, Th17, Tregs, B7-1(CD80), CD40/CD40L, c-Mip, TNF, uPA/suPAR, Angiopoietin-like 4 still awaits a definitive confirmation. Whole genome sequencing studies could help to define specific genetic features that justify a definition of MCD as a “clinical-pathology-genetic entity.”
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alberto Canepa
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, Integrated Department of Pediatrics and Hemato-Oncology Sciences, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - G M Ghiggeri
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, Genoa, Italy.,Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, Integrated Department of Pediatrics and Hemato-Oncology Sciences, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
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20
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Yu L, Ye J, Liu Q, Feng J, Gu X, Sun Q, Lu G. c‑Maf inducing protein inhibits cofilin‑1 activity and alters podocyte cytoskeleton organization. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4955-4963. [PMID: 28791377 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The glomerular visceral epithelial cells, also termed podocytes, are key in maintaining the normal renal filtration barrier. Although it has been demonstrated that stimulation of c‑Maf inducing protein (CMIP) expression is involved in podocyte damage, the molecular events during this process remain unclear. In the current study, CMIP‑induced proximal signaling was investigated by focusing on its effect on cofilin‑1 activity in puromycin aminonucleoside (PA)‑damaged podocytes. An obvious elevation of CMIP expression and phosphorylated (p) cofilin‑1 levels was detected in cultured podocytes treated with PA and in glomeruli isolated from PA‑induced nephropathy rats. Stable knockdown of CMIP prevented upregulation of p‑cofilin‑1 and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton in PA‑treated podocytes. The activity of the Src family kinase Fyn was reduced, whereas small GTPase Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) activity was increased in PA‑treated podocytes. Stimulation of CMIP expression inhibited Fyn activation and decreased the expression level of p‑p190RhoGAP, a negative regulator of RhoA activity. The level of p‑LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), a downstream effector of RhoA, increased significantly in PA‑treated podocytes. Notably, the applications of RhoA inhibitor or knockdown of LIMK prevented increase of the p‑cofilin‑1 level in PA‑treated podocytes. Thus, the current data provided evidence that the CMIP/Fyn/RhoA/cofilin‑1 signaling pathway may be associated with actin disorganization and podocyte foot process spreading following podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Qifeng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Gu
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Guoyuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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21
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CMIP Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis in Human Glioma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5340160. [PMID: 28744466 PMCID: PMC5514325 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5340160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors and the outcomes are generally poor. The intrinsic mechanisms involved in glioma development and progression remain unclear. Further studies are urgent and necessary. In this study, we have proven that CMIP (C-Maf-inducing protein) promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in A172 cells through knockdown of CMIP and in U251 cells through overexpression of CMIP by using MTT assay, cell colony formation assay, cell migration assay, and cell invasion assay. Furthermore, we discovered that CMIP upregulates MDM2, which is involved in the promoting role of CMIP in human glioma cells. For clinical study, 99 glioma tissues and 59 normal tissues were analyzed. CMIP expression was higher in glioma tissues than in normal tissues. In glioma tissues, CMIP is found to correlate positively with tumor grade but no significant correlation is found with patients' age, gender, or Karnofsky performance score (KPS). Moreover, CMIP also correlates with low relapse-free survival (RFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate in glioma patients. Therefore, CMIP is oncogenic and could be a potential target for human glioma diagnosis and therapy.
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22
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Bouatou Y, Koessler T, Oniszczuk J, Zhang SY, Moll S, Audard V, de Seigneux S, Sahali D. Nephrotic Syndrome in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Induction of C-Mip in Podocytes. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 69:477-480. [PMID: 28063735 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome is often a complication in patients with cancer, and various histologic lesions have been described in the kidney. We report the case of a 76-year-old woman who presented with a podocytopathy that was found to be associated with a small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). One cycle of carboplatin-etoposide combination therapy led to resolution of nephrotic syndrome and remission of the lung carcinoma. C-Maf-inducing protein (C-Mip) was overexpressed in both podocytes and cancer cells, but was not found in control kidney and lung tissue samples. C-Mip also was absent in SCLC cells from 30 patients without nephrotic syndrome. Exposing cultured podocytes to a sample of our patient's serum that was collected prior to chemotherapy led to disorganization of the podocyte cytoskeleton and induction of C-Mip expression, which was not observed with control serum or our patient's serum sampled after chemotherapy. These observations suggest that C-Mip may play an important role in SCLC-related podocytopathy and that a circulating factor likely induces its expression in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Bouatou
- Division of Nephrology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Koessler
- Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Oniszczuk
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Service de Néphrologie, Créteil, France
| | - Shao-Yu Zhang
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Service de Néphrologie, Créteil, France
| | - Solange Moll
- Division of Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Audard
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Service de Néphrologie, Créteil, France
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Division of Nephrology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Djillali Sahali
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Service de Néphrologie, Créteil, France.
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23
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Repression of CMIP transcription by WT1 is relevant to podocyte health. Kidney Int 2016; 90:1298-1311. [PMID: 27650733 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The WT1 (Wilm's tumor suppressor) gene is expressed throughout life in podocytes and is essential for the functional integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. We have previously shown that CMIP (C-Maf inducing protein) is overproduced in podocyte diseases and alters intracellular signaling. Here we isolated the proximal region of the human CMIP promoter and showed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and electrophoretic-mobility shift that Wilm's tumor protein (WT1) bound to 2 WT1 response elements, located at positions -290/-274 and -57/-41 relative to transcription start site. Unlike the human CMIP gene, only one Wt1 response element was identified in the mouse Cmip proximal promoter located at position -217/-206. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that WT1 dose-dependently inhibited the transcriptional induction of the CMIP promoter. Transfection of decoy oligonucleotides mimicking the WT1 response elements prevented the inhibition of WT1 on CMIP promoter activity. Furthermore, WT1 silencing promoted Cmip expression. In line with these findings, the abundance of Cmip was early and significantly increased at the transcript and protein level in podocytes displaying a primary defect in Wt1, including Denys-Drash syndrome and Frasier syndrome. Thus, WT1 is a major repressor of the CMIP gene in physiological situations, while conditional deletion of CMIP in the developing kidney did not affect the development of mature glomeruli.
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24
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Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized cells of the kidney glomerulus that wrap around capillaries and that neighbor cells of the Bowman’s capsule. When it comes to glomerular filtration, podocytes play an active role in preventing plasma proteins from entering the urinary ultrafiltrate by providing a barrier comprising filtration slits between foot processes, which in aggregate represent a dynamic network of cellular extensions. Foot processes interdigitate with foot processes from adjacent podocytes and form a network of narrow and rather uniform gaps. The fenestrated endothelial cells retain blood cells but permit passage of small solutes and an overlying basement membrane less permeable to macromolecules, in particular to albumin. The cytoskeletal dynamics and structural plasticity of podocytes as well as the signaling between each of these distinct layers are essential for an efficient glomerular filtration and thus for proper renal function. The genetic or acquired impairment of podocytes may lead to foot process effacement (podocyte fusion or retraction), a morphological hallmark of proteinuric renal diseases. Here, we briefly discuss aspects of a contemporary view of podocytes in glomerular filtration, the patterns of structural changes in podocytes associated with common glomerular diseases, and the current state of basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehmet M Altintas
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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25
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Tsuchiya M, Misaka R, Nitta K, Tsuchiya K. Transcriptional factors, Mafs and their biological roles. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:175-183. [PMID: 25685288 PMCID: PMC4317310 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Maf family of transcription factors is characterized by a typical bZip structure; these transcription factors act as important regulators of the development and differentiation of many organs and tissues, including the kidney. The Maf family consists of two subgroups that are characterized according to their structure: large Maf transcription factors and small Maf transcription factors. The large Maf subgroup consists of four proteins, designated as MAFA, MAFB, c-MAF and neural retina-specific leucine zipper. In particular, MAFA is a distinct molecule that has been attracting the attention of researchers because it acts as a strong transactivator of insulin, suggesting that Maf transcription factors are likely to be involved in systemic energy homeostasis. In this review, we focused on the regulation of glucose/energy balance by Maf transcription factors in various organs.
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26
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Sahali D, Sendeyo K, Mangier M, Audard V, Zhang SY, Lang P, Ollero M, Pawlak A. Immunopathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with relapse. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:421-9. [PMID: 24402710 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic change nephrotic syndrome (INS), the most frequent glomerular disease in children and young adults, is characterized by heavy proteinuria and a relapsing remitting course. Although the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of proteinuria remain unclear, clinical and experimental observations suggest that lymphocyte and podocyte disturbances are two sides of the disease. The current hypothesis suggests that immune cells release a putative factor, which alters podocyte function resulting in nephrotic proteinuria. Besides T-cell abnormalities, recent evidence of B-cell depletion efficacy in sustained remissions added a new challenge in understanding the immunological mechanisms of INS. In this review, we discuss recent insights related to podocyte disorders occurring in INS and their relevance in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djillali Sahali
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, AP-HP, CHU Henri Mondor, Creteil, 94010, France,
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27
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Abstract
Membranous nephropathy is characterized by immune complex deposits on the outer side of the glomerular basement membrane. Activation of complement and of oxidation lead to basement membrane lesions. The most frequent form is idiopathic. At 5 and 10 years, renal survival is around 90 and 65% respectively. A prognostic model based on proteinuria, level and duration, progression of renal failure in a few months can refine prognosis. The urinary excretion of C5b-9, β2 and α1 microglobuline and IgG are strong predictors of outcome. Symptomatic treatment is based on anticoagulation in case of nephrotic syndrome, angiotensin conversion enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and statins. Immunosuppressive therapy should be discussed for patients having a high risk of progression. Corticoids alone has no indication. Treatment should include a simultaneous association or more often alternating corticoids and alkylant agent for a minimum of 6 months. Adrenocorticoid stimulating hormone and steroids plus mycophenolate mofetil may be equally effective. Steroids plus alkylant decrease the risk of end stage renal failure. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus decrease proteinuria but are associated with a high risk of recurrence at time of withdrawal and are nephrotoxic. Rituximab evaluated on open studies needs further evaluations to define its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Mercadal
- Service de néphrologie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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28
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Izzedine H, Mangier M, Ory V, Zhang SY, Sendeyo K, Bouachi K, Audard V, Péchoux C, Soria JC, Massard C, Bahleda R, Bourry E, Khayat D, Baumelou A, Lang P, Ollero M, Pawlak A, Sahali D. Expression patterns of RelA and c-mip are associated with different glomerular diseases following anti-VEGF therapy. Kidney Int 2013; 85:457-70. [PMID: 24067439 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal toxicity constitutes a dose-limiting side effect of anticancer therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In order to study this further, we followed up 29 patients receiving this treatment, who experienced proteinuria, hypertension, and/or renal insufficiency. Eight developed minimal change nephropathy/focal segmental glomerulopathy (MCN/FSG)-like lesions and 13 developed thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Patients receiving receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) mainly developed MCN/FSG-like lesions, whereas TMA complicated anti-VEGF therapy. There were no mutations in factor H, factor I, or membrane cofactor protein of the complement alternative pathway, while plasma ADAMTS13 activity persisted and anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies were undetectable in patients with TMA. Glomerular VEGF expression was undetectable in TMA and decreased in MCN/FSG. Glomeruli from patients with TMA displayed a high abundance of RelA in endothelial cells and in the podocyte nuclei, but c-mip was not detected. Conversely, MCN/FSG-like lesions exhibited a high abundance of c-mip, whereas RelA was scarcely detected. RelA binds in vivo to the c-mip promoter and prevents its transcriptional activation, whereas RelA knockdown releases c-mip activation. The RTKI sorafenib inhibited RelA activity, which then promoted c-mip expression. Thus, our results suggest that c-mip and RelA define two distinct types of renal damage associated with VEGF-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Izzedine
- Department of Nephrology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Melanie Mangier
- 1] INSERM U 955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France [2] Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Virginie Ory
- 1] INSERM U 955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France [2] Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Shao-Yu Zhang
- 1] INSERM U 955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France [2] Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Kelhia Sendeyo
- 1] INSERM U 955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France [2] Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Khedidja Bouachi
- 1] INSERM U 955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France [2] Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France [3] Service de Néphrologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- 1] INSERM U 955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France [2] Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France [3] Service de Néphrologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- INRA, UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, Plateforme MIMA2, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | - Edward Bourry
- Department of Nephrology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David Khayat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alain Baumelou
- Department of Nephrology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lang
- 1] INSERM U 955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France [2] Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France [3] Service de Néphrologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- 1] INSERM U 955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France [2] Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Andre Pawlak
- 1] INSERM U 955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France [2] Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Djillali Sahali
- 1] INSERM U 955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France [2] Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France [3] Service de Néphrologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
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