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Izdebska M, Zielińska W, Krajewski A, Grzanka A. Fascin in migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells - A review. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:290-297. [PMID: 37660543 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration and metastasis are the biggest problems in the treatment of cancer patients. The most aggressive breast cancer (BC) is the triple-negative type. Therefore, effective therapeutic targets that limit cell migration are sought. One such target may be fascin, as its overexpression is characteristic to triple-negative breast cancer. The high level of fascin enables the formation of protrusion and thus promotes the invasion of cancer cells. Fascin also shows co-localization or functional relationships with other proteins. These are proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, vimentin, cadherins, β-catenin, and matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 (MMP-2/9). Fascin is also involved in many signaling pathways protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ), Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt. Therefore, in this article, we review currently available in vitro studies and compare them with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis of BC patients to demonstrate the role of fascin in the migration and invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Izdebska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wioletta Zielińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Krajewski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Pu J, Zhang Y, Wang A, Qin Z, Zhuo C, Li W, Xu Z, Tang Q, Wang J, Wei H. ADORA2A-AS1 Restricts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression via Binding HuR and Repressing FSCN1/AKT Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:754835. [PMID: 34733789 PMCID: PMC8558402 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.754835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Increasing evidence revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were frequently involved in various malignancies. Here, we explored the clinical significances, roles, and mechanisms of lncRNA ADORA2A antisense RNA 1 (ADORA2A-AS1) in HCC. Methods The clinical significances of ADORA2A-AS1 in HCC were analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. The expressions of ADORA2A-AS1, Fascin Actin-Bundling Protein 1 (FSCN1), Matrix Metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), and Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 7 (BIRC7) in HCC tissues and cells were measured by qRT-PCR. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU), caspase-3 activity assay, transwell migration and invasion assays, and xenograft growth and metastasis experiments were performed to evaluate the roles of ADORA2A-AS1 in HCC. RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and RNA stability assay were performed to elucidate the mechanisms of ADORA2A-AS1 in HCC. Results ADORA2A-AS1 was identified as an HCC-related lncRNA, whose low expression was correlated with advanced stage and poor outcome in HCC. Gain- and loss-of functional experiments demonstrated that ADORA2A-AS1 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, repressed cell migration and invasion, and repressed xenograft growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, ADORA2A-AS1 competitively bound HuR (Hu Antigen R), repressed the binding of HuR to FSCN1 transcript, decreased FSCN1 transcript stability, and downregulated FSCN1 expression. The expression of FSCN1 was negatively correlated with ADORA2A-AS1 in HCC tissues. Through downregulating FSCN1, ADORA2A-AS1 repressed AKT pathway activation. Functional rescue assays showed that blocking of FSCN1/AKT axis abrogated the roles of ADORA2A-AS1 in HCC. Conclusion Low-expression ADORA2A-AS1 is correlated with poor survival of HCC patients. ADORA2A-AS1 exerts tumor-suppressive roles in HCC via binding HuR and repressing FSCN1/AKT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Anmin Wang
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zebang Qin
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Chenyi Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Wenchuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zuoming Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jianchu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Huamei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Iimuro Y, Yada A, Okada T, Nakamura I, Suzumura K, Xu J, Sudo M, Nishiguchi S, Kawada N, Hatano E, Fujimoto J. Cytoglobin-expressing cells in the splenic cords contribute to splenic fibrosis in cirrhotic patients. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1319-1328. [PMID: 32945524 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Among several noninvasive evaluation methods of portal hypertension (PH), the measurement of spleen stiffness is a reliable method for predicting esophageal variceal bleeding; however, the underlying mechanisms for increased stiffness remain unclear. We attempted to elucidate the pathological changes to the spleen and the underlying mechanisms in patients with PH. METHODS Histological examination was performed using splenic tissues from 42 patients with PH who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy, and the results were compared with those from patients without PH. RESULTS In addition to splenic sinus congestion, diffuse fibrosis was detected in the splenic cords in the red pulp of patients with PH. The degree of the fibrosis was well correlated with severity in thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly. Cells expressing α-smooth muscle actin dramatically increased in the splenic cord. Cytoglobin (Cygb) expression was detected in human splenic cords as reported in animal reticular cells, and fluorescent double immunostaining revealed that these cells expressed α-smooth muscle actin in patients with PH, suggesting transformation of Cygb-expressing cells to myofibroblastic cells. Expression levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) 2, nitrotyrosine, and transforming growth factor-β were markedly upregulated in the red pulp of patients with PH, implying a significant role of oxidative stress in the mechanism for splenic fibrosis. CONCLUSION Splenic fibrosis progresses along with advancement of PH. Cygb-expressing cells in the splenic cord possibly participate in this process through mechanisms including oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Iimuro
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Akito Yada
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okada
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzumura
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jinyang Xu
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sudo
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Shi S, Zheng HC, Zhang- ZG. Roles of Fascin mRNA expression in colorectal cancer: Meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:119-128. [PMID: 32714534 PMCID: PMC7366232 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin (encoded by FSCN1) is a globular actin cross-linking protein that is required for the formation of actin-based cell surface processes, which are critical for cell migration and cell-matrix adhesion. In the present study, a systematic meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis was used to identify clinicopathological or prognostic parameters in patients with colorectal cancer. A total of 17 articles were included in the present study obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang data, SinoMed and CNKI databases. Odd ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the prognostic significance of Fascin expression in patients with colorectal cancer, and the association between Fascin expression and clinicopathological factors. There was a significant correlation between high Fascin expression and poor overall survival rates in patients with colorectal cancer (OR=0.48; 95% CI, 0.38-0.60; P<0.000001). The meta-analysis showed that the expression of Fascin was significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissue compared with the normal mucosa (OR=0.13; 95% CI, 0.10-0.16; P<0.000001) and adenoma (OR=0.23; 95% CI, 0.15-0.34; P<0.000001). Fascin expression was also associated with depth of invasion (OR=0.31; 95% CI, 0.19-0.50; P<0.000001), lymph node metastasis (OR=3.07; 95% CI, 1.72-5.46; P=0.0001), Dukes stage (OR=0.14; 95% CI, 0.04-0.46; P=0.001), Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage (OR=0.38; 95% CI, 0.21-0.71; P=0.003) and dedifferentiation (OR=0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.94; P=0.04). According to the bioinformatics analyses, FSCN1 mRNA expression levels were higher in colorectal cancer and adenoma tissues compared with the normal tissues (P<0.05). According to TCGA, FSCN1 mRNA expression was associated with a less favorable prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer as an independent factor (P<0.05), and positively correlated with depth of invasion, microsatellite instability and low serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels in colorectal cancer. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that Fascin expression is a potential marker of tumorigenesis, aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shi
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang-
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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Barnawi R, Al-Khaldi S, Colak D, Tulbah A, Al-Tweigeri T, Fallatah M, Monies D, Ghebeh H, Al-Alwan M. β1 Integrin is essential for fascin-mediated breast cancer stem cell function and disease progression. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:830-841. [PMID: 30719702 PMCID: PMC6593770 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the second cause of tumor‐related mortality in women worldwide mainly due to chemoresistance and metastasis. The chemoresistance and metastasis are attributed to a rare subpopulation with enriched stem‐like characteristics, thus called Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). We have previously reported aberrant expression of the actin‐bundling protein (fascin) in breast cancer cells, which enhances their chemoresistance, metastasis and enriches CSC population. The intracellular mechanisms that link fascin with its downstream effectors are not fully elucidated. Here, loss and gain of function approaches in two different breast cancer models were used to understand how fascin promotes disease progression. Importantly, findings were aligned with expression data from actual breast cancer patients. Expression profiling of a large breast cancer dataset (TCGA, 530 patients) showed statistically significant correlation between fascin expression and a key adherence molecule, β1 integrin (ITGB1). In vitro manipulation of fascin expression in breast cancer cells exhibited its direct effect on ITGB1 expression. Fascin‐mediated regulation of ITGB1 was critical for several breast cancer cell functions including adhesion to different extracellular matrix, self‐renewability and chemoresistance. Importantly, there was a significant relationship between fascin and ITGB1 co‐expression and short disease‐free as well as overall survival in chemo‐treated breast cancer patients. This novel role of fascin effect on ITGB1 expression and its outcome on cell self‐renewability and chemoresistance strongly encourages for dual targeting of fascin‐ITGB1 axis as a therapeutic approach to halt breast cancer progression and eradicate it from the root. What's new? Residual cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the ability to regrow tumors and to metastasize to distant organs, resulting in disease relapse and increased cancer mortality. In breast cancer, CSC populations are enriched by aberrant expression of the actin‐bundling protein fascin, induction of which is also associated with chemoresistance and metastasis. In this study, fascin was found to upregulate β1 integrin (ITGB1) expression, an effect that proved critical to breast cancer cell adhesion and self‐renewal. Coexpression of fascin and ITGB1 was associated with decreased survival in chemotherapy‐treated breast cancer patients. The findings identify the fascin‐ITGB1 axis as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayanah Barnawi
- Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samiyah Al-Khaldi
- National Center for Stem Cells, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Sciences and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taher Al-Tweigeri
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad Fallatah
- National Center for Stem Cells, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Sciences and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Ghebeh
- Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Collage of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monther Al-Alwan
- Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Collage of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Effect of SEPT6 on the biological behavior of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis in rats and its mechanism. J Transl Med 2019; 99:17-36. [PMID: 30315255 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are key effectors during the development of liver fibrosis. Septin 6 (SEPT6) is a highly evolutionarily conserved GTP-binding protein that regulates various cell biological behaviors. The expression and function of SEPT6 in HSCs remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that SEPT6 expression is significantly elevated following the activation of primary rat HSCs, the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 and the rat hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6, as well as in both human and rat fibrotic liver tissue. In vitro, the overexpression of SEPT6 promoted HSCs activation, proliferation, cell cycle progression and migration and inhibited HSCs apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of SEPT6 exerted the opposite effects on HSCs. Mechanistically, SEPT6 exerted its pro-fibrogenic effect by promoting the expression of TGF-β1 and the phosphorylation of Smad2, Smad3, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, stress-activated protein kinase-2, and protein kinase B. However, in HSC-T6 cells, blockade of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway by SB431542 significantly decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, cyclin D1, BCL2, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, which had been enhanced by SEPT6 overexpression. In vivo, adenovirus-mediated SEPT6 inhibition attenuated thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats by decreasing the deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). SEPT6 inhibition decreased the proliferation capacity of HSCs and induced apoptosis of HSCs. Collectively, our results reveal that SEPT6 regulates various biological behaviors in HSCs through TGF-β1/Smad, mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways, thus promoting liver fibrosis.
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Immunohistochemical characterization of cancer-associated fibroblasts at the primary sites and in the metastatic lymph nodes of human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 83:77-89. [PMID: 30172911 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an important constituent of the cancer stroma. In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the features of CAFs at the primary site and in the metastatic lymph nodes (Met-LNs) and their origin have been unclear. In the present study, we characterized CAFs at the primary site (n = 42) and in the Met-LNs (n = 10) of human ICC by immunohistochemistry using potential molecular markers of CAFs, portal fibroblasts (PFs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and bone marrow-derived fibrocytes (BMDFs). At the primary site, the stroma was strongly positive for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; marker for CAFs), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) (common marker for HSCs and PFs), fibulin-2, and thymus cell antigen-1 (Thy-1; PF marker), whereas immunoreactivity for fascin (HSC marker) was scarce. Most of the α-SMA-positive cells were found to express PDGFR-β, Thy-1, and fibulin-2 by double immunostaining. A small population of BMDF marker-positive (α-SMA+CD45+CD34+) cells was found by triple immunostaining. In the micro-Met-LNs, α-SMA-positive cells were absent in cancer aggregates of the LN sinus, whereas they were present in the invasion area of cancer cells from the LN sinus to the LN parenchyma. In the macro-Met-LNs, there were abundant α-SMA-positive cells that were also positive for PDGFR-β and Thy-1 but negative for fibulin-2 and fascin. Thus, regarding the expression of molecular markers, CAFs at the primary site of ICC are similar to PFs and different from those of HSCs or CAFs in the Met-LNs. CAFs at the primary sites and in the Met-LN are thought to be derived from PFs/BMDFs and resident cells of LNs, respectively.
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Endostatin Stimulates Proliferation and Migration of Myofibroblasts Isolated from Myocardial Infarction Model Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030741. [PMID: 29509663 PMCID: PMC5877602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts contribute to the healing of infarcted areas after myocardial infarction through proliferation, migration, and production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Expression of endostatin, a cleaved fragment of type XVIII collagen, increases in the heart tissue of an experimental myocardial infarction model. In the present study, we examined the effect of endostatin on the function of myofibroblasts derived from an infarcted area. The myocardial infarction model was created by ligating the left anterior descending artery in rats. Two weeks after the operation, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts were isolated from the infarcted area. Endostatin significantly increased the proliferation and migration of myofibroblasts in vitro. On the other hand, endostatin had no effect on the production of type I collagen, a major ECM protein produced by myofibroblasts. Endostatin activated Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and the pharmacological inhibition of these signaling pathways suppressed the endostatin-induced proliferation and migration. A knockdown of the COL18A1 gene in the myocardial infarction model rats using small interference RNA (siRNA) worsened the cardiac function concomitant with wall thinning and decreased the α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts and scar formation compared with that of control siRNA-injected rats. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time that endostatin might be an important factor in the healing process after myocardial infarction through the activation of myofibroblasts.
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Jiang M, Wu YL, Li X, Zhang Y, Xia KL, Cui BW, Lian LH, Nan JX. Oligomeric proanthocyanidin derived from grape seeds inhibited NF-κB signaling in activated HSC: Involvement of JNK/ERK MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:674-680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Chen CL, Chien SC, Leu TH, Harn HIC, Tang MJ, Hor LI. Vibrio vulnificus MARTX cytotoxin causes inactivation of phagocytosis-related signaling molecules in macrophages. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:58. [PMID: 28822352 PMCID: PMC5563386 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacterial species that causes opportunistic infections manifested by serious skin lesions and fulminant septicemia in humans. We have previously shown that the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats in toxin (MARTXVv1) of a biotype 1 V. vulnificus strain promotes survival of this organism in the host by preventing it from engulfment by the phagocytes. The purpose of this study was to further explore how MARTXVv1 inhibits phagocytosis of this microorganism by the macrophage. Methods We compared between a wild-type V. vulnificus strain and its MARTXVv1-deficient mutant for a variety of phagocytosis-related responses, including morphological change and activation of signaling molecules, they induced in the macrophage. We also characterized a set of MARTXVv1 domain-deletion mutants to define the regions associated with antiphagocytosis activity. Results The RAW 264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages underwent cell rounding accompanied by F-actin disorganization in the presence of MARTXVv1. In addition, phosphorylation of some F-actin rearrangement-associated signaling molecules, including Lyn, Fgr and Hck of the Src family kinases (SFKs), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, but not p38, was decreased. By using specific inhibitors, we found that these kinases were all involved in the phagocytosis of MARTXVv1-deficient mutant in an order of SFKs-FAK/Pyk2-PI3K-Akt. Deletion of the effector domains in the central region of MARTXVv1 could lead to reduced cytotoxicity, depending on the region and size of deletion, but did not affect the antiphagocytosis activity and ability to cause rounding of macrophage. Reduced phosphorylation of Akt was closely associated with inhibition of phagocytosis by the wild-type strain and MARTXVv1 domain-deletion mutants, and expression of the constitutively active Akt, myr-Akt, enhanced the engulfment of these strains by macrophage. Conclusions MARTXVv1 could inactivate the SFKs-FAK/Pyk2-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in the macrophages. This might lead to impaired phagocytosis of the V. vulnificus-infected macrophage. The majority of the central region of MARTXVv1 is not associated with the antiphagocytosis activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-017-0368-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Horng Leu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hans I-Chen Harn
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Lien-I Hor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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11
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Li S, Li H, Xu Y, Lv X. Identification of candidate biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis using microarray data. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3967-3974. [PMID: 28943904 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a common cancer in women worldwide. The present study assessed effective biomarkers for the prognosis of EOC metastasis. The GSE30587 dataset, containing 9 EOC primary tumor samples and 9 matched omental metastasis samples, was analyzed. Following normalization, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these samples were identified using the limma package for R. Subsequently, pathway enrichment analysis was performed using ClueGO, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database. The microRNA (mRNA/miR)-target network was established using the multiMiR package. A set of 272 DEGs was identified in metastatic EOC samples, including 189 upregulated and 83 downregulated genes. Collagen type I α 1 chain (COL1A1), COL1A2, collagen type XI α 1 chain (COL11A1) and thrombospondin (THBS)1 were enriched in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction signaling pathways. THBS1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)3 were two dominant nodes in the PPI network and were key in the miRNA-target network, being targeted by hsa-miR-1. Multiple DEGs and miRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of EOC metastasis in the present study, which likely affected metastasis by regulating the PI3K/Akt, ECM-receptor interaction and cell adhesion signaling pathways. In addition, THBS1 and TIMP3 were identified as potential targets of hsa-miR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Zhangqiu, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Coal Taishan Sanatorium, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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12
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The common dietary flavonoid myricetin attenuates liver fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride treated mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Ji Y, Wang Z, Li Z, Huang N, Chen H, Li B, Hui B. Silencing IGF-II impairs C-myc and N-ras expressions of SMMC-7721 cells via suppressing FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cytokine 2016; 90:44-53. [PMID: 27768959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence confirms that insulin-like growth factor -II (IGF-II), oncogenes C-myc and N-ras are an essential regulator for development and growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although our previous study also indicated that IGF-II might upregulate levels of oncogenes C-myc and N-ras in hepatoma carcinoma cells, the molecular mechanism had not been fully elucidated. Herein, we successfully silenced IGF-II expression in SMCC-7721 cells by small RNA interference. Functional analysis showed that knockdown of IGF-II significantly suppressed growth and proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells and decreased C-myc and N-ras mRNA and protein levels. And this function was mediated by the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Taken together, IGF-II siRNA inactivates the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and further reduces cell proliferation, N-ras and C-myc levels in SMMC-7721 cells. Especially, understanding the relationship between IGF-II and oncogenes N-ras and C-myc in cancer cells will provide novel clues for clinic HCC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ji
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Geriatric Digestive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Zongfang Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Na Huang
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Bo Hui
- Geriatric Digestive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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Mirones I, Angel Rodríguez-Milla M, Cubillo I, Mariñas-Pardo L, de la Cueva T, Zapata A, González C, Ramírez M, García-Castro J. Dopamine mobilizes mesenchymal progenitor cells through D2-class receptors and their PI3K/AKT pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 32:2529-38. [PMID: 24806705 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the nervous system exerts direct and indirect effects on stem cells mobilization and catecholamines mobilize hematopoietic stem cells, we hypothesized that dopamine might induce mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) mobilization. We show that dopamine induced in vitro MPCs migration through D2-class receptors, and their alternative phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathways. Also, administration of catecholamines induced in vivo mobilization of colony-forming unit-fibroblast in mice. In contrast, in vitro and in vivo MPCs migration was suppressed by D2-class receptors antagonists and blocking antibodies, consistent with dopamine signaling pathway implication. In humans, patients treated with L-dopa or catecholaminergic agonists showed a significant increase of a MPC-like population (CD45-CD31-CD34-CD105+) in their peripheral blood. These findings reveal a new link between catecholamines and MPCs mobilization and suggest the potential use of D2-class receptors agonists for mobilization of MPCs in clinical settings.
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15
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Martín-Vílchez S, Rodríguez-Muñoz Y, López-Rodríguez R, Hernández-Bartolomé Á, Borque-Iñurrita MJ, Molina-Jiménez F, García-Buey L, Moreno-Otero R, Sanz-Cameno P. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2 reverts HCV-induced hepatic stellate cell activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106958. [PMID: 25302785 PMCID: PMC4193738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) and is frequently linked to intrahepatic microvascular disorders. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is a central event in liver damage, due to their contribution to hepatic renewal and to the development of fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma. During the progression of CLDs, HSC attempt to restore injured tissue by stimulating repair processes, such as fibrosis and angiogenesis. Because HSC express the key vascular receptor Tie2, among other angiogenic receptors and mediators, we analyzed its involvement in the development of CLD. Methods Tie2 expression was monitored in HSC cultures that were exposed to media from HCV-expressing cells (replicons). The effects of Tie2 blockade on HSC activation by either neutralizing antibody or specific signaling inhibitors were also examined. Results Media from HCV-replicons enhanced HSC activation and invasion and upregulated Tie2 expression. Notably, the blockade of Tie2 receptor (by a specific neutralizing antibody) or signaling (by selective AKT and MAPK inhibitors) significantly reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and the invasive potential of HCV-conditioned HSC. Conclusions These findings ascribe a novel profibrogenic function to Tie2 receptor in the progression of chronic hepatitis C, highlighting the significance of its dysregulation in the evolution of CLDs and its potential as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Martín-Vílchez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yolanda Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-ehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario López-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-ehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Hernández-Bartolomé
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Borque-Iñurrita
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Molina-Jiménez
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa García-Buey
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-ehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Moreno-Otero
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-ehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz-Cameno
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-ehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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16
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Fascin is involved in the chemotherapeutic resistance of breast cancer cells predominantly via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1552-61. [PMID: 25117814 PMCID: PMC4200093 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A major therapeutic challenge for breast cancer is the ability of cancer cells to evade killing of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. We have recently reported the actin-bundling protein (fascin) as a major regulator of breast cancer metastasis and survival. Methods: Survival of breast cancer patients that received chemotherapy and xenograft tumour model was used to assess the effect of chemotherapy on fascin-positive and -negative breast cancer cells. Molecular and cellular assays were used to gain in-depth understanding of the relationship between fascin and chemoresistance. Results: We showed a significant correlation between fascin expression and shorter survival in breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy. In xenograft experiments, fascin-positive cancer cells displayed significantly more resistance to chemotherapy-mediated apoptotic cell death than fascin-negative counterparts. This increased chemoresistance was at least partially mediated through PI3K/Akt signalling, and was paralleled by increased FAK phosphorylation, enhanced expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (XIAP and Livin) and suppression of the proapoptotic markers (caspase 9, caspase 3 and PARP). Conclusions: This is the first report to demonstrate fascin involvement in breast cancer chemotherapeutic resistance, supporting the development of fascin-targeting drugs for better treatment of chemoresistance breast cancer.
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17
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Okazaki I, Noro T, Tsutsui N, Yamanouchi E, Kuroda H, Nakano M, Yokomori H, Inagaki Y. Fibrogenesis and Carcinogenesis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase (TIMPs). Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1220-55. [PMID: 24978432 PMCID: PMC4190539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is emerging worldwide because life-styles have changed to include much over-eating and less physical activity. The clinical and pathophysiological features of NASH are very different from those of HBV- and HCV-chronic liver diseases. The prognosis of NASH is worse among those with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and some NASH patients show HCC with or without cirrhosis. In the present review we discuss fibrogenesis and the relationship between fibrosis and HCC occurrence in NASH to clarify the role of MMPs and TIMPs in both mechanisms. Previously we proposed MMP and TIMP expression in the multi-step occurrence of HCC from the literature based on viral-derived HCC. We introduce again these expressions during hepatocarcinogenesis and compare them to those in NASH-derived HCC, although the relationship with hepatic stem/progenitor cells (HPCs) invasion remains unknown. Signal transduction of MMPs and TIMPs is also discussed because it is valuable for the prevention and treatment of NASH and NASH-derived HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Okazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.
| | - Takuji Noro
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsui
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan.
| | - Eigoro Yamanouchi
- Department of Radiology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan.
| | - Hajime Kuroda
- Department of Pathology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Nakano
- Department of Pathology, Ofuna Chuo Hospital, Kanagawa 247-0056, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Saitama 364-8501, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine and Institute of Medical Sciences, Isehara 259-1193, Japan.
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18
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Lee SJ, Kim KH, Park KK. Mechanisms of fibrogenesis in liver cirrhosis: The molecular aspects of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. World J Hepatol 2014; 6:207-216. [PMID: 24799989 PMCID: PMC4009476 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i4.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injuries are repaired by fibrosis and regeneration. The cause of fibrosis and diminished regeneration, especially in liver cirrhosis, is still unknown. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been found to be associated with liver fibrosis. The possibility that EMT could contribute to hepatic fibrogenesis reinforced the concept that activated hepatic stellate cells are not the only key players in the hepatic fibrogenic process and that other cell types, either hepatic or bone marrow-derived cells could contribute to this process. Following an initial enthusiasm for the discovery of this novel pathway in fibrogenesis, more recent research has started to cast serious doubts upon the real relevance of this phenomenon in human fibrogenetic disorders. The debate on the authenticity of EMT or on its contribution to the fibrogenic process has become very animated. The overall result is a general confusion on the meaning and on the definition of several key aspects. The aim of this article is to describe how EMT participates to hepatic fibrosis and discuss the evidence of supporting this possibility in order to reach reasonable and useful conclusions.
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Shen WJ, Dong R, Chen G, Zheng S. microRNA-222 modulates liver fibrosis in a murine model of biliary atresia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:155-9. [PMID: 24569080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-222 (miR-222) has been shown to initiate the activation of hepatic stellate cells, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of miR-22 in a mouse model of biliary atresia (BA) induced by Rhesus Rotavirus (RRV) infection. New-born Balb/c mice were randomized into control and RRV infected groups. The extrahepatic bile ducts were evaluated. The experimental group was divided into BA group and negative group based on histology. The expression of miR-222, protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B alpha (PPP2R2A), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and phospho-Akt were detected. We found that the experimental group showed signs of cholestasis, retardation and extrahepatic biliary atresia. No abnormalities were found in the control group. In the BA group, miR-222, PCNA and Akt were highly expressed, and PPP2R2A expression was significantly inhibited. Our findings suggest that miR-222 profoundly modulated the process of fibrosis in the murine BA model, which might represent a potential target for improving BA prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-jun Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
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20
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Cytoglobin is expressed in hepatic stellate cells, but not in myofibroblasts, in normal and fibrotic human liver. J Transl Med 2014; 94:192-207. [PMID: 24296877 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (CYGB) is ubiquitously expressed in the cytoplasm of fibroblastic cells in many organs, including hepatic stellate cells. As yet, there is no specific marker with which to distinguish stellate cells from myofibroblasts in the human liver. To investigate whether CYGB can be utilized to distinguish hepatic stellate cells from myofibroblasts in normal and fibrotic human liver, human liver tissues damaged by infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and at different stages of fibrosis were obtained by liver biopsy. Immunohistochemistry was performed on histological sections of liver tissues using antibodies against CYGB, cellular retinol-binding protein-1 (CRBP-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), thymocyte differentiation antigen 1 (Thy-1), and fibulin-2 (FBLN2). CYGB- and CRBP-1-positive cells were counted around fibrotic portal tracts in histological sections of the samples. The expression of several of the proteins listed above was examined in cultured mouse stellate cells. Quiescent stellate cells, but not portal myofibroblasts, expressed both CYGB and CRBP-1 in normal livers. In fibrotic and cirrhotic livers, stellate cells expressed both CYGB and α-SMA, whereas myofibroblasts around the portal vein expressed α-SMA, Thy-1, and FBLN2, but not CYGB. Development of the fibrotic stage was positively correlated with increases in Sirius red-stained, α-SMA-positive, and Thy-1-positive areas, whereas the number of CYGB- and CRBP-1-positive cells decreased with fibrosis development. Primary cultured mouse stellate cells expressed cytoplasmic CYGB at day 1, whereas they began to express α-SMA at the cellular margins at day 4. Thy-1 was undetectable throughout the culture period. In human liver tissues, quiescent stellate cells are CYGB positive. When activated, they also become α-SMA positive; however, they are negative for Thy-1 and FBLN2. Thus, CYGB is a useful marker with which to distinguish stellate cells from portal myofibroblasts in the damaged human liver.
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21
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Yu F, Lin Z, Zheng J, Gao S, Lu Z, Dong P. Suppression of collagen synthesis by Dicer gene silencing in hepatic stellate cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:707-14. [PMID: 24337369 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important mediators of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and are pivotal in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Dicer, the key enzyme in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, is involved in cutting precursor miRNAs to functionally mature forms. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that Dicer expression is dysregulated in embryo development and tumors. In the present study, we aimed to address whether Dicer expression was correlated with the activity of HSCs. We used a recombinant lentivirus to generate short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting Dicer. The mRNA and protein expression of Dicer was effectively inhibited by three pairs of Dicer shRNA vectors, of which the shRNA1 vector exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect. The shRNA1 vector demonstrated a marked inhibitory effect on the activity of HSCs, resulting in the reduction of cell proliferation and the decrease of fibrosis-related genes, including type Ⅰ collagen (Col1A1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP). The mRNA expression of Col1A1, α-SMA and TIMP were decreased by 60, 56 and 49%, respectively. The protein expression was reduced by 56, 52 and 42%, respectively. Additionally, the inhibition of Dicer resulted in a decrease of miR-138, -143, -140 and -122 levels, of which miR-138 exhibited the strongest decline. The firefly luciferase reporter experiments and RT-PCR indicated that phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), Ras GTPase activating-like protein 1 (RASAL1), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) and p27 3' untranslated region sequences were targeted by miR-138, -143, -140 and -122, respectively. Taken together, the present study contributes important new findings for the role of Dicer-mediated miRNA processing in collagen synthesis of HSCs, which may serve as a foundation for RNAi study of liver fibrosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jianjian Zheng
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Shenmeng Gao
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Peihong Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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22
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Mierke CT. The role of focal adhesion kinase in the regulation of cellular mechanical properties. Phys Biol 2013; 10:065005. [PMID: 24304934 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/10/6/065005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of mechanical properties is necessary for cell invasion into connective tissue or intra- and extravasation through the endothelium of blood or lymph vessels. Cell invasion is important for the regulation of many healthy processes such as immune response reactions and wound healing. In addition, cell invasion plays a role in disease-related processes such as tumor metastasis and autoimmune responses. Until now the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in regulating mechanical properties of cells and its impact on cell invasion efficiency is still not well known. Thus, this review focuses on mechanical properties regulated by FAK in comparison to the mechano-regulating protein vinculin. Moreover, it points out the connection between cancer cell invasion and metastasis and FAK by showing that FAK regulates cellular mechanical properties required for cellular motility. Furthermore, it sheds light on the indirect interaction of FAK with vinculin by binding to paxillin, which then impairs the binding of paxillin to vinculin. In addition, this review emphasizes whether FAK fulfills regulatory functions similar to vinculin. In particular, it discusses the differences and the similarities between FAK and vinculin in regulating the biomechanical properties of cells. Finally, this paper highlights that both focal adhesion proteins, vinculin and FAK, synergize their functions to regulate the mechanical properties of cells such as stiffness and contractile forces. Subsequently, these mechanical properties determine cellular invasiveness into tissues and provide a source sink for future drug developments to inhibit excessive cell invasion and hence, metastases formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Institute of Experimental Physics I, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Teng Y, Xu S, Yue W, Ma L, Zhang L, Zhao X, Guo Y, Zhang C, Gu M, Wang Y. Serological investigation of the clinical significance of fascin in non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2013; 82:346-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Chen SL, Zheng MH, Shi KQ, Yang T, Chen YP. A new strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis: letting MicroRNAs do the job. BioDrugs 2013; 27:25-34. [PMID: 23329398 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-012-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at a post-translational level. MiRNAs have been recognized in the regulation of physiological conditions. Moreover, awareness of the association between dysregulated miRNAs and human diseases is increasing, which consequently brings miRNAs to the frontline in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. We review the latest advances in our knowledge of the involvement of miRNAs in fibrosis with particular emphasis on hepatic fibrosis and the possibilities in the near future for miRNA-based therapy for targeted treatment of liver fibrosis. With recent advances in our understanding of the important role of senescence in the resolution of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), we suggested the therapeutic potential of inducing activated HSCs into senescence by an miRNA-based strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Long Chen
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Wang FP, Li L, Li J, Wang JY, Wang LY, Jiang W. High mobility group box-1 promotes the proliferation and migration of hepatic stellate cells via TLR4-dependent signal pathways of PI3K/Akt and JNK. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64373. [PMID: 23696886 PMCID: PMC3655989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The migration of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is essential to the hepatic fibrotic response, and recently High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been shown up-regulated during liver fibrosis. Nevertheless, whether HMGB1 can modulate the proliferation and migration of HSCs is poorly understood, as well as the involved intracellular signaling. In this study, we examined the effect of HMGB1 on proliferation, migration, pro-fibrotic function of HSCs and investigated whether toll-like family of receptor 4 (TLR4) dependent signal pathway is involved in the intracellular signaling regulation. Methodology/Principal Findings Modified transwell chamber system to mimic the space of Disse was used to evaluate the migration of human primary HSCs, and the protein expressions of related signal factors were evaluated by western blot. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay, the pro-fibrotic functions of HSCs by qRT-PCR and ELISA respectively. Recombinant human HMGB1 could significantly promote migration of HSCs under both haptotactic and chemotactic stimulation, especially the latter. Human TLR4 neutralizing antibody could markedly inhibit HMGB1-induced migration of HSCs. HMGB1 could enhance the phosphorylation of JNK and PI3K/Akt, and TLR4 neutralizing antibody inhibited HMGB1-enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and PI3K/Akt and activation of NF-κB. JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and PI3K inhibitor (LY 294002) significantly inhibited HMGB1-induced proliferation and migration of HSCs, and also reduced HMGB1-enhanced related collagen expressions and pro-fibrotic cytokines production. Conclusions/Significance HMGB1 could significantly enhance migration of HSCs in vitro, and TLR4-dependent JNK and PI3K/Akt signal pathways are involved in the HMGB1-induced proliferation, migration and pro-fibrotic effects of HSCs, which indicates HMGB1 might be an effective target to treat liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-yao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-yan Wang
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Ma Y, Li A, Faller WJ, Libertini S, Fiorito F, Gillespie DA, Sansom OJ, Yamashiro S, Machesky LM. Fascin 1 is transiently expressed in mouse melanoblasts during development and promotes migration and proliferation. Development 2013; 140:2203-11. [PMID: 23633513 PMCID: PMC3912869 DOI: 10.1242/dev.089789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fascins, a family of actin-bundling proteins, are expressed in a spatially and temporally restricted manner during development and often in cancer. Fascin 1 has a clear role in cell migration in vitro, but its role in vivo in mammals is not well understood. Here, we investigate the role of fascin 1 in the melanocyte lineage and in melanoma cells. Fascin 1 knockout causes hypopigmentation in adult mice owing to migration and cell cycle progression defects in melanoblasts, the melanocyte precursor cell. Study of live embryo skin explants reveals that E14.5 fascin 1-null melanoblasts migrate slower, and generate fewer and thinner pseudopods. By contrast, fascin 1 expression drives faster migration and lamellipodia protrusion in melanocytes in vitro. In addition, fascin 1 depletion retards melanoblast proliferation in vivo and melanoma cell growth in vitro. These data indicate that fascin 1 not only promotes cell migration in mouse melanocytes but it also has a role in growth and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Ma
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ang Li
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - William J. Faller
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Silvana Libertini
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Florencia Fiorito
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David A. Gillespie
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Shigeko Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
| | - Laura M. Machesky
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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Yoon JH, Kim J, Lee H, Kim SY, Jang HH, Ryu SH, Kim BJ, Lee TG. Laminin peptide YIGSR induces collagen synthesis in Hs27 human dermal fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:416-21. [PMID: 23111328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The dermal ECM is synthesized from fibroblasts and is primarily compromised of fibrillar collagen and elastic fibers, which support the mechanical strength and resiliency of skin, respectively. Laminin, a major glycoprotein located in the basement membrane, promotes cell adhesion, cell growth, differentiation, and migration. The laminin tyrosine-isoleucine-glycine-serine-arginine (YIGSR) peptide, corresponding to the 929-933 sequence of the β1 chain, is known to be a functional motif with effects on the inhibition of tumor metastasis, the regulation of sensory axonal response and the inhibition of angiogenesis through high affinity to the 67kDa laminin receptor. In this study, we identified a novel function of the YIGSR peptide to enhance collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. To elucidate this novel function regarding collagen synthesis, we treated human dermal fibroblasts with YIGSR peptide in both a time- and dose-dependent manner. According to subsequent experiments, we found that the YIGSR peptide strongly enhanced collagen type 1 synthesis without changing cell proliferation or cellular MMP-1 level. This YIGSR peptide-mediated collagen type 1 synthesis was modulated by FAK inhibitor and MEK inhibitor. This study clearly reveals that YIGSR peptide plays a novel function on the collagen type 1 synthesis of dermal fibroblasts and also suggests that YIGSR is a strong candidate peptide for the treatment of skin aging and wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Yoon
- NovaCell Technology Inc., Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
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