1
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Dolivo DM, Reed CR, Gargiulo KA, Rodrigues AE, Galiano RD, Mustoe TA, Hong SJ. Anti-fibrotic effects of statin drugs: a review of evidence and mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115644. [PMID: 37321414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological repair process common among organs, that responds to damage by replacement of tissue with non-functional connective tissue. Despite the widespread prevalence of tissue fibrosis, manifesting in numerous disease states across myriad organs, therapeutic modalities to prevent or alleviate fibrosis are severely lacking in quantity and efficacy. Alongside development of new drugs, repurposing of existing drugs may be a complementary strategy to elect anti-fibrotic compounds for pharmacologic treatment of tissue fibrosis. Drug repurposing can provide key advantages to de novo drug discovery, harnessing the benefits of previously elucidated mechanisms of action and already existing pharmacokinetic profiles. One class of drugs a wealth of clinical data and extensively studied safety profiles is the statins, a class of antilipidemic drugs widely prescribed for hypercholesterolemia. In addition to these widely utilized lipid-lowering effects, increasing data from cellular, pre-clinical mammalian, and clinical human studies have also demonstrated that statins are able to alleviate tissue fibrosis originating from a variety of pathological insults via lesser-studied, pleiotropic effects of these drugs. Here we review literature demonstrating evidence for direct effects of statins antagonistic to fibrosis, as well as much of the available mechanistic data underlying these effects. A more complete understanding of the anti-fibrotic effects of statins may enable a clearer picture of their anti-fibrotic potential for various clinical indications. Additionally, more lucid comprehension of the mechanisms by which statins exert anti-fibrotic effects may aid in development of novel therapeutic agents that target similar pathways but with greater specificity or efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Dolivo
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Charlotte R Reed
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Kristine A Gargiulo
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Adrian E Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Thomas A Mustoe
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
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2
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Tong X, Zhu C, Liu L, Huang M, Xu J, Chen X, Zou J. Role of Sostdc1 in skeletal biology and cancer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1029646. [PMID: 36338475 PMCID: PMC9633957 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1029646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin domain-containing protein-1 (Sostdc1) is a member of the sclerostin family and encodes a secreted 28–32 kDa protein with a cystine knot-like domain and two N-linked glycosylation sites. Sostdc1 functions as an antagonist to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), mediating BMP signaling. It also interacts with LRP6, mediating LRP6 and Wnt signaling, thus regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death. Sostdc1 plays various roles in the skin, intestines, brain, lungs, kidneys, and vasculature. Deletion of Sostdc1 gene in mice resulted in supernumerary teeth and improved the loss of renal function in Alport syndrome. In the skeletal system, Sostdc1 is essential for bone metabolism, bone density maintenance, and fracture healing. Recently, Sostdc1 has been found to be closely related to the development and progression of multiple cancer types, including breast, renal, gastric, and thyroid cancers. This article summarises the role of Sostdc1 in skeletal biology and related cancers to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Tong
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Huang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Jun Zou,
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Jun Zou,
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3
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Thomsen ML, Grønkjær C, Iervolino A, Rej S, Trepiccione F, Christensen BM. Atorvastatin does not ameliorate nephrogenic diabetes insipidus induced by lithium or potassium depletion in mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15111. [PMID: 34762363 PMCID: PMC8582289 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired forms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) include lithium (Li)-induced and hypokalemia-induced NDI. Both forms are associated with AQP2 downregulation and collecting duct (CD) cellular remodeling. Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs appearing to increase AQP2 membrane-translocation and improve urine concentration in other NDI models. We have investigated if statins are able to prevent or rescue the Li-induced changes in mice and in a mouse cortical CD cell line (mCCDc1l ). Biotinylation assays showed that acute (1hr) atorvastatin, simvastatin, or fluvastatin increased AQP2 membrane accumulation in mCCDc1l cells showing that the cell line responds to acute statin treatment. To see whether chronic statin treatment abolish the Li effects, mCCDc1l cells were treated with 48 h Li, combined Li/atorvastatin or combined Li/simvastatin. Li reduced AQP2, but combined Li/atorvastatin or Li/simvastatin did not prevent AQP2 downregulation. In mice, chronic (21 days) Li increased urine output and reduced urine osmolality, but combined Li/atorvastatin did not prevent these effects. In inner medulla (IM), Li reduced total AQP2 and increased pS261-AQP2. Combined Li/atorvastatin did not abolish these changes. Atorvastatin did not prevent a Li-induced increase in intercalated cells and proliferation in IM. In mice with already established NDI, atorvastatin had no effect on the Li-induced changes either. Mice subjected to 14 days of potassium-deficient diet developed polyuria and AQP2 downregulation in IM. Co-treatment with atorvastatin did not prevent this. In conclusion, atorvastatin does not appear to be able to prevent or rescue Li-NDI or to prevent hypokalemic-induced NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Iervolino
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
- Biogem Institute of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAriano IrpinoItaly
| | - Soham Rej
- Jewish General Hospital/Lady Davis Institute/Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
- Biogem Institute of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAriano IrpinoItaly
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4
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Lin SN, Mao R, Qian C, Bettenworth D, Wang J, Li J, Bruining D, Jairath V, Feagan B, Chen M, Rieder F. Development of Anti-fibrotic Therapy in Stricturing Crohn's Disease: Lessons from Randomized Trials in Other Fibrotic Diseases. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:605-652. [PMID: 34569264 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is considered an inevitable complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that results in symptoms of obstruction and stricture formation. Endoscopic or surgical treatment is required to treat the majority of patients. Progress in the management of stricturing CD is hampered by the lack of effective anti-fibrotic therapy; however, this situation is likely to change because of recent advances in other fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver and skin. In this review, we summarized data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of anti-fibrotic therapies in these conditions. Multiple compounds have been tested for the anti-fibrotic effects in other organs. According to their mechanisms, they were categorized into growth factor modulators, inflammation modulators, 5-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, intracellular enzymes and kinases, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) modulators and others. From our review of the results from the clinical trials and discussion of their implications in the gastrointestinal tract, we have identified several molecular candidates that could serve as potential therapies for intestinal fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Chenchen Qian
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bruining
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Feagan
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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5
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Son SS, Hwang S, Park JH, Ko Y, Yun SI, Lee JH, Son B, Kim TR, Park HO, Lee EY. In vivo silencing of amphiregulin by a novel effective Self-Assembled-Micelle inhibitory RNA ameliorates renal fibrosis via inhibition of EGFR signals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2191. [PMID: 33500443 PMCID: PMC7838194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphiregulin (AREG) is a transmembrane glycoprotein recently implicated in kidney fibrosis. Previously, we reported that the AREG-targeting Self-Assembled-Micelle inhibitory RNA (SAMiRNA-AREG) alleviated fibrosis by stably silencing the AREG gene, and reduced the side effects of conventional siRNA treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the therapeutic effect of SAMiRNA-AREG in renal fibrosis has not been studied until now. We used two animal models of renal fibrosis generated by a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and an adenine diet (AD) to investigate whether SAMiRNA-AREG inhibited renal fibrosis. To investigate the delivery of SAMiRNA-AREG to the kidney, Cy5-labeled SAMiRNA-AREG was injected into UUO- and AD-induced renal fibrosis models. In both kidney disease models, SAMiRNA-AREG was delivered primarily to the damaged kidney. We also confirmed the protective effect of SAMiRNA-AREG in renal fibrosis models. SAMiRNA-AREG markedly decreased the UUO- and AD-induced AREG mRNA expression. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of fibrosis markers, including α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, α1(I) collagen, and α1(III) collagen in the UUO and AD-induced kidneys, was diminished in the SAMiRNA-AREG-treated mice. The transcription of inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and adhesion markers (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1) was attenuated. The hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining results showed that SAMiRNA-AREG decreased renal fibrosis, AREG expression, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation in the UUO- and AD-induced models. Moreover, we studied the effects of SAMiRNA-AREG in response to TGF-β1 in mouse and human proximal tubule cells, and mouse fibroblasts. TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix production and myofibroblast differentiation were attenuated by SAMiRNA-AREG. Finally, we confirmed that upregulated AREG in the UUO or AD models was mainly localized in the distal tubules. In conclusion, SAMiRNA-AREG represents a novel siRNA therapeutic for renal fibrosis by suppressing EGFR signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Seob Son
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Hwang
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Ko
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yun
- Bioneer Corporation, 8-11 Munpyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Son
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Rim Kim
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Oh Park
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea.
- Bioneer Corporation, 8-11 Munpyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Soonchunhyang 6-gil, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Lu L, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Xia A. Febuxostat inhibits TGF‑β1‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via downregulation of USAG‑1 expression in Madin‑Darby canine kidney cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1694-1704. [PMID: 30628645 PMCID: PMC6390060 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, can alleviate kidney dysfunction and ameliorate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a rat unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Increasing evidence has revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the key mechanisms mediating the progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), a kidney-specific bone morphogenetic protein antagonist, is involved in the development of numerous types of CKDs. The present study aimed to investigate the role of febuxostat in the process of EMT in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in vitro. Western blotting, reverse transcription-semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein 7, USAG-1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin, respectively. The results demonstrated that the expression of USAG-1 and α-SMA increased, and that of E-cadherin decreased significantly in MDCK cells following treatment with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The application of small interfering RNA-USAG-1 potently inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT. Subsequently, the effects of febuxostat on TGF-β1-induced EMT was investigated. The results demonstrated that febuxostat downregulated the expression of USAG-1, and reversed TGF-β1-induced EMT in MDCK cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with febuxostat significantly restored the decreased expression levels of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 induced by TGF-β1 in MDCK cells. The results of the present study suggested that USAG-1 may be involved in the EMT process of MDCK cells induced by TGF-β1, and febuxostat inhibited EMT by activating the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway via downregulating the expression of USAG-1 in MDCK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guanyun County People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222200, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Anzhou Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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7
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Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:525-541. [PMID: 31399983 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the lipid nephrotoxicity hypothesis was proposed in 1982, increasing evidence has supported the hypothesis that lipid abnormalities contributed to the progression of glomerulosclerosis. In this chapter, we will discuss the general promises of the original hypothesis, focusing especially on the role of lipids and metabolic inflammation accompanying CKD in renal fibrosis and potential new strategies of prevention.
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8
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Ma H, Liu Y, Xie H, Zhang G, Zhan H, Liu Z, Wang P, Geng Q, Guo L. The renoprotective effects of simvastatin and atorvastatin in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7351. [PMID: 28796030 PMCID: PMC5556196 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Some statins, such as atorvastatin, have proven renoprotective effects. The comparative renoprotective potential of simvastatin is less clear. This study aimed to compare the renoprotective effects of simvastatin with atorvastatin in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This observational study examined the medical records of 271 patients who were treated at the Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute from April 2004 to February 2008. Patients had received either 40 mg simvastatin (n = 128) or 20 mg atorvastatin (n = 143), daily, for a period of at least 6 months following PCI. Declined renal function (DRF) was defined at the occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or elevated CKD stages at 6-months post-PCI. Results showed that the incidence of DRF was similar among patients taking simvastatin or atorvastatin (25.00% vs 26.57%, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients who developed DRF had a higher incidence of mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) than those without DRF (17.41% vs 28.57%, P = .0308). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified diabetes and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate as independent risk factors for DRF. Collectively, our results indicate that simvastatin has comparable renoprotective effects to atorvastatin in ACS patients undergoing PCI. Further studies are warranted to confirm the comparative renoprotective effects of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ma
- Cardic Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital
| | - Yong Liu
- Cardic Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital
| | - Haixia Xie
- Cardic Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Cardic Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital
| | - Huimin Zhan
- Cardic Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital
| | - Zhi Liu
- Cardic Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital
| | - Ping Wang
- Cardic Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital
| | - Qingshan Geng
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Cardic Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital
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9
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Ohigashi M, Kobara M, Takahashi T, Toba H, Wada T, Nakata T. Pitavastatin suppresses hyperglycaemia-induced podocyte injury via bone morphogenetic protein-7 preservation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:378-385. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ohigashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Science; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Miyuki Kobara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Science; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tamotsu Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Science; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Science; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Takehiko Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Tokai University School of Medicine; Isezaki Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Division of Pathological Science; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto Japan
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10
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Hayashi S, Oe Y, Fushima T, Sato E, Sato H, Ito S, Takahashi N. Protease-activated receptor 2 exacerbates adenine-induced renal tubulointerstitial injury in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:547-552. [PMID: 28025140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypercoagulability is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissue factor/factor VIIa complex and factor Xa in the coagulation cascade are known to activate protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), and to cause inflammation and tissue injury. Although PAR2 is highly expressed in the kidney, it is unclear whether PAR2 plays a pathogenic role in CKD. To test this, we fed the mice lacking Par2 (F2rl1-/-) and wild type (F2rl1+/+) mice with adenine diet to induce tubulointerstitial injury, a hallmark of CKD. Adenine-treated mice showed severe renal dysfunction, tubular atrophy, and fibrosis. Fibrin deposition and the expression of tissue factor and PARs markedly increased in their kidneys. Lack of Par2 attenuated renal histological damage and reduced the expression levels of genes related to inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Our data indicate that PAR2 is critically important in the pathogenesis of adenine-induced tubular injury. PAR2 antagonists under development could be useful to treat and prevent CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Hayashi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Oe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Fushima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Emiko Sato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Sadayoshi Ito
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
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11
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Peng L, He Q, Li X, Shuai L, Chen H, Li Y, Yi Z. HOXA13 exerts a beneficial effect in albumin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:271-6. [PMID: 27176855 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that albumin-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury contributes to renal interstitial fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to be a key mechanism in the pathogenesis and progression of renal interstitial fibrosis. Homeobox protein HOX‑A13 (HOXA13) is a nuclear transcriptional factor that has been reported to be involved in renal fibrosis. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of HOXA13 in human serum albumin (HSA)‑induced EMT in HKC renal tubular epithelial cells remains to be elucidated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of HOXA13 in HSA‑induced EMT in HKC cells and the potential mechanism of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathway. The protein and mRNA expression levels of HOXA13, cytokeratin, and vimentin were determined by western blot analysis and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in HKC cells, which were co‑incubated with HSA at different concentrations or for different time periods. The results demonstrated that HOXA13 mRNA and protein expression decreased in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner when induced by HSA in HCK cells. The liposomal transfection experiment suggested that overexpression of HOXA13 activated the GR signal, which inhibits HSA-induced EMT. HOXA13 is involved in HSA‑induced EMT in HKC cells and upregulation of HOXA13 exerts a beneficial effect in EMT, which may be associated with the GR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Hunan Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Qingnan He
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Hunan Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Hunan Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Lanjun Shuai
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Hunan Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Hunan Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhen Li
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Hunan Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhuwen Yi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Hunan Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Brazil DP, Church RH, Surae S, Godson C, Martin F. BMP signalling: agony and antagony in the family. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:249-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hamasaki Y, Doi K, Maeda-Mamiya R, Ogasawara E, Katagiri D, Tanaka T, Yamamoto T, Sugaya T, Nangaku M, Noiri E. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist, sarpogrelate, reduces renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by suppressing PAI-1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1796-803. [PMID: 24107419 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00151.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 2A receptor antagonist sarpogrelate (SG) blocks serotonin-induced platelet aggregation. It has been used clinically for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. SG might be able to improve chronic ischemia, which contributes to renal fibrosis progression by maintaining renal microcirculation. This study investigated whether SG suppresses renal fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice fed a 0.2% adenine-containing diet for 6 wk developed severe tubulointerstitial fibrosis with kidney dysfunction. Subsequent SG treatment (30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 4 wk improved these changes significantly by increasing peritubular blood flow in the fibrotic area, as evaluated by intravital microscopy and decreasing fibrin deposition. Urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein, up-regulated by renal hypoxia, was also reduced by SG. Additionally, results showed that mRNA expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which is known to promote fibrosis by mediating and enhancing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling, was suppressed by SG treatment in the kidney. In vitro experiments using cultured murine proximal tubular epithelial (mProx) cells revealed that incubation with TGF-β1 and 5-HT increased PAI-1 mRNA expression; SG significantly reduced it. In conclusion, SG reduces renal fibrosis not only by the antithrombotic effect of maintaining peritubular blood flow but also by suppressing PAI-1 expression in renal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hamasaki
- Dept. of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Univ. of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Katagiri D, Hamasaki Y, Doi K, Okamoto K, Negishi K, Nangaku M, Noiri E. Protection of glucagon-like peptide-1 in cisplatin-induced renal injury elucidates gut-kidney connection. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:2034-43. [PMID: 24092928 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence of the beyond-glucose lowering effects of a gut-released hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), has been reported in the context of remote organ connections of the cardiovascular system. Specifically, GLP-1 appears to prevent apoptosis, and inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which cleaves GLP-1, is renoprotective in rodent ischemia-reperfusion injury models. Whether this renoprotection involves enhanced GLP-1 signaling is unclear, however, because DPP-4 cleaves other molecules as well. Thus, we investigated whether modulation of GLP-1 signaling attenuates cisplatin (CP)-induced AKI. Mice injected with 15 mg/kg CP had increased BUN and serum creatinine and CP caused remarkable pathologic renal injury, including tubular necrosis. Apoptosis was also detected in the tubular epithelial cells of CP-treated mice using immunoassays for single-stranded DNA and activated caspase-3. Treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor, alogliptin (AG), significantly reduced CP-induced renal injury and reduced the renal mRNA expression ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 and Bim/Bcl-2. AG treatment increased the blood levels of GLP-1, but reversed the CP-induced increase in the levels of other DPP-4 substrates such as stromal cell-derived factor-1 and neuropeptide Y. Furthermore, the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 reduced CP-induced renal injury and apoptosis, and suppression of renal GLP-1 receptor expression in vivo by small interfering RNA reversed the renoprotective effects of AG. These data suggest that enhancing GLP-1 signaling ameliorates CP-induced AKI via antiapoptotic effects and that this gut-kidney axis could be a new therapeutic target in AKI.
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