1
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Lupus nephritis with corticosteroid responsiveness: molecular changes of CD46-mediated type 1 regulatory T cells. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1099-1107. [PMID: 34952938 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The engagement of the complement regulatory proteins CD46 and CD3 in human CD4+ T cells induces the type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular changes of Tr1 cells through CD46 cytoplasmic Cyt1 tail in lupus nephritis (LN) respond to intravenous methylprednisolone (ivMP) therapy. METHODS We enrolled 40 pediatric patients with LN and 30 healthy controls. Clinical characteristics and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected before and 3 days after the administration of ivMP. Kidney specimens were taken from five LN and five minimal-change nephrotic syndrome patients. RESULTS We found that defective CD46-mediated T-helper type 1 contraction (IL-10 switching) is present in active LN patients. The ivMP therapy enhanced LN remission, restored the production of IL-10, increased the CD46-Cyt1/Cyt2 ratio, AKT, and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation, and induced migration with the expression of chemokine receptor molecules CCR4, CCR6, and CCR7 of CD3/CD46-activated Tr1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacologic interventions that alter the patterns of CD46-Cyt1/Cyt2 expression and the secretion of IL-10 by CD3/CD46-activated Tr1 cells can be used in patients with active LN. IMPACT In patients with LN, ivMP was associated with increased IL-10 production and increased CD46-Cyt1/Cyt2 ratio and AKT phosphorylation by Tr1 cells, with enhanced potential to migration in response to CCL17. These results suggest that expression levels of CD46 isoforms Cyt1 and Cyt2 in CD4 + CD46 + Tr1 cells differ in patients with active LN but can be corrected by corticosteroid treatment. Enhancing the expression of functional CD4 + CD46 + Tr1 cells may be a useful therapeutic approach for LN.
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2
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Li Z, Zhang W, Luo F, Li J, Yang W, Zhu B, Wu Q, Wang X, Sun C, Xie Y, Xu B, Wang Z, Qian F, Chen J, Wan Y, Hu W. Allergen-Specific Treg Cells Upregulated by Lung-Stage S. japonicum Infection Alleviates Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678377. [PMID: 34169075 PMCID: PMC8217774 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma japonicum infection showed protective effects against allergic airway inflammation (AAI). However, controversial findings exist especially regarding the timing of the helminth infection and the underlying mechanisms. Most previous studies focused on understanding the preventive effect of S. japonicum infection on asthma (infection before allergen sensitization), whereas the protective effects of S. japonicum infection (allergen sensitization before infection) on asthma were rarely investigated. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of S. japonicum infection on AAI using a mouse model of OVA-induced asthma. To explore how the timing of S. japonicum infection influences its protective effect, the mice were percutaneously infected with cercaria of S. japonicum at either 1 day (infection at lung-stage during AAI) or 14 days before ovalbumin (OVA) challenge (infection at post–lung-stage during AAI). We found that lung-stage S. japonicum infection significantly ameliorated OVA-induced AAI, whereas post–lung-stage infection did not. Mechanistically, lung-stage S. japonicum infection significantly upregulated the frequency of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), especially OVA-specific Treg cells, in lung tissue, which negatively correlated with the level of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Depletion of Treg cells in vivo partially counteracted the protective effect of lung-stage S. japonicum infection on asthma. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of lung tissue showed that lung-stage S. japonicum infection during AAI shaped the microenvironment to favor Treg induction. In conclusion, our data showed that lung-stage S. japonicum infection could relieve OVA-induced asthma in a mouse model. The protective effect was mediated by the upregulated OVA-specific Treg cells, which suppressed IgE production. Our results may facilitate the discovery of a novel therapy for AAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingkuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, China
| | - Chengsong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Multi-Method Molecular Characterisation of Human Dust-Mite-associated Allergic Asthma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8912. [PMID: 31221987 PMCID: PMC6586825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Disease presentation varies greatly in terms of cause, development, severity, and response to medication, and thus the condition has been subdivided into a number of asthma phenotypes. There is still an unmet need for the identification of phenotype-specific markers and accompanying molecular tools that facilitate the classification of asthma phenotype. To this end, we utilised a range of molecular tools to characterise a well-defined group of female adults with poorly controlled atopic asthma associated with house dust mite (HDM) allergy, relative to non-asthmatic control subjects. Circulating messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) were sequenced and quantified, and a differential expression analysis of the two RNA populations performed to determine how gene expression and regulation varied in the disease state. Further, a number of circulating proteins (IL-4, 5, 10, 13, 17 A, Eotaxin, GM-CSF, IFNy, MCP-1, TARC, TNFα, Total IgE, and Endotoxin) were quantified to determine whether the protein profiles differed significantly dependent on disease state. Finally, we utilised a previously published assessment of the circulating “blood microbiome” performed using 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Asthmatic subjects displayed a range of significant alterations to circulating gene expression and regulation, relative to healthy control subjects, that may influence systemic immune activity. Notably, several circulating mRNAs were detected in just the asthma group or just in the control group, and many more were observed to be expressed at significantly different levels in the asthma group compared to the control group. Proteomic analysis revealed increased levels of inflammatory proteins within the serum, and decreased levels of the bacterial endotoxin protein in the asthmatic state. Comparison of blood microbiome composition revealed a significant increase in the Firmicutes phylum with asthma that was associated with a concomitant reduction in the Proteobacteria phylum. This study provides a valuable insight into the systemic changes evident in the HDM-associated asthma, identifies a range of molecules that are present in the circulation in a condition-specific manner (with clear biomarker potential), and highlights a range of hypotheses for further study.
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4
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Eyoh E, McCallum P, Killick J, Amanfo S, Mutapi F, Astier AL. The anthelmintic drug praziquantel promotes human Tr1 differentiation. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:512-518. [PMID: 30623486 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) is an anthelminthic human and veterinary drug used to treat trematode and cestode worms. Changes in immune responses have been demonstrated in humans following curative PZQ treatment of schistosome infections. These changes have been attributed to the removal of immunosupressive worms and immune responses to parasite antigens exposed from dying worms. To date, there has been no study investigating the potential direct effect of PZQ on the host immune cells. Herein, we analyzed the effect of PZQ on human CD4+ T cells classically costimulated by CD3/CD28 or costimulated by the complement regulator CD46 to induce Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1). Our results show that PZQ enhanced T-cell proliferation, increased secretion of IL-17 and IL-10 but had no effect on secretion of GM-CSF or IFNγ. Moreover, PZQ increased the coexpression of CD49b and LAG-3, a hallmark of Tr1 cells, suggesting increased Tr1 differentiation. Indeed, supernatants from PZQ-treated cells were able to decrease bystander T-cell activation, and this was partly reduced when blocking IL-10. Hence, our study demonstrates that PZQ directly modulates human T-cell activation and promotes Tr1 differentiation, suggesting that PZQ may have immunomodulatory functions in parasite-unrelated human inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enwono Eyoh
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Patrick McCallum
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Justin Killick
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh Centre for MS research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Seth Amanfo
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francisca Mutapi
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK.,NIHR Global Health Research Unit Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA), Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne L Astier
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh Centre for MS research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP) INSERM U1043, CNRS U5282, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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5
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Tsai YG, Wen YS, Wang JY, Yang KD, Sun HL, Liou JH, Lin CY. Complement regulatory protein CD46 induces autophagy against oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in normal and asthmatic airway epithelium. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12973. [PMID: 30154478 PMCID: PMC6113329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a major role in defending against oxidative stress in respiratory epithelial cells. The complement regulatory protein CD46 can enhance autophagy and decrease local complement activation at sites of inflammation. This study investigated the mechanism by which CD46 protects against oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in respiratory epithelium in asthmatic patients. Nasal mucosa samples were obtained from 60 adults with mild asthma who received turbinectomy and 30 controls. A decreased expression of CD46 and increased apoptosis were noted in the damaged nasal epithelium from the asthmatic patients. Primary epithelial cells cultured with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 2 showed decreased CD46 and increased cleaved CASPASE-3A expressions. Crosslinking CD46 mAb could induce the formation of autophagosomes and LC3-II expression in primary epithelial cells. CD46 engagement could induce autophagy against hydrogen peroxide-induced epithelial cell death, whereas the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine decreased this effect. In addition, CD46 engagement decreased the expressions of PRO-IL-1β and NLRP3, enhanced the expression of scaffold protein GOPC, and diminished hydrogen peroxide-induced 8-OHdG, IL-1β and IL-6 production. Silencing ATG5 in human lung epithelial A549 cells decreased CD46-activated autophagy with LC3-II. CD46 induced autophagy and decreased the oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of respiratory epithelium, and this may offer a new therapeutic strategy to treat asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Giien Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuender D Yang
- Mackay Children's Hospital, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hung Liou
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuang Lin
- Clinical Immunological Center and College of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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6
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Killick J, Morisse G, Sieger D, Astier AL. Complement as a regulator of adaptive immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:37-48. [PMID: 28842749 PMCID: PMC5794818 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved effector system comprising in mammals over 50 circulating and membrane bound proteins. Complement has long been described as belonging to the innate immune system; however, a number of recent studies have demonstrated its key role in the modulation of the adaptive immune response. This review does not set out to be an exhaustive list of the numerous interactions of the many complement components with adaptive immunity; rather, we will focus more precisely on the role of some complement molecules in the regulation of antigen presenting cells, as well as on their direct effect on the activation of the core adaptive immune cells, B and T lymphocytes. Recent reports on the local production and activation of complement proteins also suggest a major role in the control of effector responses. The crucial role of complement in adaptive immunity is further highlighted by several examples of dysregulation of these pathways in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Killick
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gregoire Morisse
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for NeuroRegeneration, Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Dirk Sieger
- Centre for NeuroRegeneration, Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Anne L Astier
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Inserm U1043, CNRS U5282, Université de Toulouse, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), F-31300, Toulouse, France.
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7
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Zhang C, Wang C, Jia Z, Tong W, Liu D, He C, Huang X, Xu W. Differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs with associated co-expression and ceRNA networks in ankylosing spondylitis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113543-113557. [PMID: 29371928 PMCID: PMC5768345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation and pathological osteogenesis. However, the genetic etiology of AS remains largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the potential role of coding and noncoding genes in the genetic mechanism of AS. Using microarray analyses, this study comprehensively compared lncRNA, microRNA, and mRNA profiles in hip joint ligament tissues from patients with AS and controls. A total of 661 lncRNAs, 574 mRNAs, and 22 microRNAs were differentially expressed in patients with AS compared with controls. Twenty-two of these genes were then validated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were performed to explore the principal functions of differentially expressed genes. The pathways were involved mainly in immune regulation, intercellular signaling, osteogenic differentiation, protein synthesis, and degradation. Gene signal transduction network, coding-noncoding co-expression network, and competing endogenous RNA expression network were constructed using bioinformatics methods. Then, two miRNAs, miR-17-5p and miR-27b-3p, that could increase the osteogenic differentiation potentials of ligament fibroblasts were identified. Finally, differentially expressed, five lncRNAs, four miRNAs, and five mRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results suggested that mRNAs, lncRNAs, and microRNAs were involved in AS pathogenesis. The findings might help characterize the pathogenesis of AS and provide novel therapeutic targets for patients with AS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongru He
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Jang E, Nguyen QT, Kim S, Kim D, Le THN, Keslar K, Dvorina N, Aronica MA, Min B. Lung-Infiltrating Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells Are Quantitatively and Qualitatively Different during Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Allergic Airway Inflammation but Essential To Control the Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3943-3951. [PMID: 29093062 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding functions of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) during allergic airway inflammation remains incomplete. In this study, we report that, during cockroach Ag-induced allergic airway inflammation, Foxp3+ Tregs are rapidly mobilized into the inflamed lung tissues. However, the level of Treg accumulation in the lung was different depending on the type of inflammation. During eosinophilic airway inflammation, ∼30% of lung-infiltrating CD4 T cells express Foxp3, indicative of Tregs. On the contrary, only ∼10% of infiltrating CD4 T cells express Foxp3 during neutrophilic airway inflammation. Despite the different accumulation, the lung inflammation and inflammatory T cell responses were aggravated following Treg depletion, regardless of the type of inflammation, suggesting regulatory roles for Tregs. Interestingly, however, the extent to which inflammatory responses are aggravated by Treg depletion was significantly greater during eosinophilic airway inflammation. Indeed, lung-infiltrating Tregs exhibit phenotypic and functional features associated with potent suppression. Our results demonstrate that Tregs are essential regulators of inflammation, regardless of the type of inflammation, although the mechanisms used by Tregs to control inflammation may be shaped by environmental cues available to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Jang
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Quang Tam Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Thi Hong Nga Le
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Karen Keslar
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Nina Dvorina
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Mark A Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
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9
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Ly PT, Tang SJ, Roca X. Alternative polyadenylation expands the mRNA isoform repertoire of human CD46. Gene 2017; 625:21-30. [PMID: 28476687 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation is a prevalent mechanism regulating mammalian gene expression. While tandem 3'-Untranslated-Region (3'UTR) polyadenylation changes expression levels, Intronic PolyAdenylation generates shorter transcripts encoding truncated proteins. Intronic PolyAdenylation regulates 20% of genes and is especially common in receptor tyrosine-kinase transcripts, generating soluble repressors. Here we report that human CD46, encoding a TransMembrane repressor of complement and T-cell co-stimulator, expresses multiple isoforms by alternative polyadenylation. We provide evidence for polyadenylation at several introns by RT-PCR of 5' intronic fragments, and by increase in such isoforms via functional U1 knockdown. We mapped various Intronic PolyAdenylation Sites by 3' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (3'RACE), which could generate soluble or membrane-bound but tail-less CD46. Intronic PolyAdenylation could add to the source of soluble CD46 isoforms in fluids and tissues, which increase in cancers and autoimmune syndromes. Furthermore, 3'RACE identified three PolyAdenylation Sites within the last intron and exon, whose transcripts with shortened 3'UTRs could support higher CD46 expression. Finally, 3'RACE revealed that the CD46 Pseudogene only expresses short transcripts by early polyadenylation in intron 2. Overall, we report a wide variety of CD46 mRNA isoforms which could generate new protein isoforms, adding to the diverse physiological and pathological roles of CD46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Ly
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; The Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sze Jing Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xavier Roca
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
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10
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Tang SJ, Luo S, Ho JXJ, Ly PT, Goh E, Roca X. Characterization of the Regulation of CD46 RNA Alternative Splicing. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14311-14323. [PMID: 27226545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.710350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a detailed analysis of the alternative splicing regulation of human CD46, which generates different isoforms with distinct functions. CD46 is a ubiquitous membrane protein that protects host cells from complement and plays other roles in immunity, autophagy, and cell adhesion. CD46 deficiency causes an autoimmune disorder, and this protein is also involved in pathogen infection and cancer. Before this study, the mechanisms of CD46 alternative splicing remained unexplored even though dysregulation of this process has been associated with autoimmune diseases. We proved that the 5' splice sites of CD46 cassette exons 7 and 8 encoding extracellular domains are defined by noncanonical mechanisms of base pairing to U1 small nuclear RNA. Next we characterized the regulation of CD46 cassette exon 13, whose inclusion or skipping generates different cytoplasmic tails with distinct functions. Using splicing minigenes, we identified multiple exonic and intronic splicing enhancers and silencers that regulate exon 13 inclusion via trans-acting splicing factors like PTBP1 and TIAL1. Interestingly, a common splicing activator such as SRSF1 appears to repress CD46 exon 13 inclusion. We also report that expression of CD46 mRNA isoforms is further regulated by non-sense-mediated mRNA decay and transcription speed. Finally, we successfully manipulated CD46 exon 13 inclusion using antisense oligonucleotides, opening up opportunities for functional studies of the isoforms as well as for therapeutics for autoimmune diseases. This study provides insight into CD46 alternative splicing regulation with implications for its function in the immune system and for genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Jing Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Shufang Luo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jia Xin Jessie Ho
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Phuong Thao Ly
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Eling Goh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Xavier Roca
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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Tsai YG, Lai JC, Yang KD, Hung CH, Yeh YJ, Lin CY. Enhanced CD46-induced regulatory T cells suppress allergic inflammation after Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:1206-9.e1. [PMID: 25065720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Giien Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Hospital, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chung Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Kuender D Yang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Chang Bing, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Hospital, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuang Lin
- Clinical Immunological Center, China Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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