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Choi BH, Cho TJ, Lee T, Park CS. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-mediated SERPINE-1 expression in ischemic urinary bladder. Mol Cell Toxicol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-023-00334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Molecular and Morphological Characteristics of the De-Obstructed Rat Urinary Bladder—An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911330. [PMID: 36232634 PMCID: PMC9569427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with outlet obstruction secondary to prostatic enlargement have lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) and an increased frequency of micturition. The standard treatment is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), which alleviates obstruction and symptoms. However, after TURP, 20–40 percent of patients continue to experience LUTSs. The aim of the present study in rats was to identify the mechanisms that do not normalize after the removal of the obstruction and that could explain the persisting symptoms. We had microarray data from control, obstructed, and de-obstructed female rat bladders, which made it possible to study 14,553 mRNA expressions. We also had a bank of electron micrographs from similar detrusors. Microarrays: There were significant differences between the control and obstructed bladders for 1111 mRNAs. The obstructed and de-obstructed bladders differed significantly for 1059 mRNAs. The controls and the de-obstructed bladders differed significantly for 798 mRNAs. We observed many mRNAs that were increased in the obstructed bladder and then decreased to control levels after de-obstruction, and many mRNAs that were decreased in the obstructed bladder and then increased following de-obstruction. mRNAs that were significantly higher or lower in the de-obstructed bladder than in the control bladder were also found. Ultrastructure: The detrusor cells in the obstructed bladders had cross-sectional areas that were much larger than those in the controls. The control cells had smooth outlines and similar cross-sectional areas. The de-obstructed detrusor cells had larger cross-sectional areas than the controls, as well as corrugated surfaces. The cell areas varied, suggesting that the shrinkage of the de-obstructed cells was not even. We did not find any points of contact of the gap junction plaque type between the detrusor cells. There were abundant finger-like processes between the detrusor cells in the obstructed and in de-obstructed bladders, which were only occasionally found in the control detrusors. They are the only possible localization for gap junction channels. The de-obstructed rat bladder is not an organ with properties intermediate between those of the control and obstructed bladders. Instead, de-obstructed bladders have gene expressions, morphologies, and functional properties of the individual cells and their organization, which make them distinctly different from both control and obstructed bladders.
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He R, Wang Z, Cui M, Liu S, Wu W, Chen M, Wu Y, Qu Y, Lin H, Chen S, Wang B, Shao Z. HIF1A Alleviates compression-induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus derived stem cells via upregulating autophagy. Autophagy 2021; 17:3338-3360. [PMID: 33455530 PMCID: PMC8632345 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1872227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary pathological mechanism that underlies low back pain. Overloading-induced cell death, especially endogenous stem cell death, is the leading factor that undermines intrinsic repair and aggravates IDD. Previous research has separately studied the effect of oxygen concentration and mechanical loading in IDD. However, how these two factors synergistically influence endogenous repair remains unclear. Therefore, we established in vitro and in vivo models to study the mechanisms by which hypoxia interacted with overloading-induced cell death of the nucleus pulposus derived stem cells (NPSCs). We found the content of HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) and the number of NPSCs decreased with disc degeneration in both rats and human discs. Hence, we isolated this subpopulation from rat discs and treated them simultaneously with hypoxia and excessive mechanical stress. Our results demonstrated that hypoxia exerted protective effect on NPSCs under compression, partially through elevating macroautophagy/autophagy. Proteomics and knockdown experiments further revealed HIF1A-BNIP3-ATG7 axis mediated the increase in autophagy flux, in which HMOX1 and SLC2A1 were also involved. Moreover, HIF1A-overexpressing NPSCs exhibited stronger resistance to over-loading induced apoptosis in vitro. They also showed higher survival rates, along with elevated autophagy after being intra-disc transplanted into over-loaded discs. Jointly, both in vivo and in vitro experiments proved the anti-apoptotic effect of HIF1A on NPSCs under the excessive mechanical loading, suggesting that restoring hypoxia and manipulating autophagy is crucial to maintain the intrinsic repair and to retard disc degeneration.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACAN: aggrecan; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BAX: BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator; BECN1: beclin 1; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CASP3: caspase 3; CCK8: cell counting kit-8; CHT: chetomin; CMP: compression; CoCl2: cobalt chloride; COL2A1: collagen type II alpha 1 chain; Ctrl: control; DAPI: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DEP: differentially expressed protein; DiR: 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethyl indotricarbocyanine; ECM: extracellular matrix; FCM: flow cytometry; GD2: disialoganglioside GD 2; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GO: gene ontology; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; H&E: hematoxylin-eosin; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; HK2: hexokinase 2; HMOX1: heme oxygenase 1; HX: hypoxia mimicry; IDD: intervertebral disc degeneration; IF: immunofluorescence; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IVD: intervertebral disc; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; LBP: low back pain; Lv: lentivirus; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; NC: negative control; NIR: near-infrared; NP: nucleus pulposus; NPC: nucleus pulposus cell; NPSC: nucleus pulposus derived stem cell; NX: normoxia; PPI: protein-protein interactions; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SLC2A1/GLUT1: solute carrier family 2 member 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEK/TIE2: TEK receptor tyrosine kinase; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUBB: tubulin beta class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongchao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanji Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gabella G. Muscle cells, nerves, fibroblasts and vessels in the detrusor of the rat urinary bladder. J Smooth Muscle Res 2020; 55:34-67. [PMID: 31708509 PMCID: PMC6851244 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.55.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
All the cells of rat detrusor muscle fall into one of five ultrastructural types: muscle
cells, fibroblasts, axons and glia, and vascular cells (endothelial cells and pericytes).
The tissue is ~79% cellular and 21% non-cellular. Muscle cells occupy 72%, nerves ~4% (1/3
axons, 2/3 glia), and fibroblast >3% of space. Muscle cells (up to 6 µm across and ~600
µm long, packed to almost 100,000 per mm2) have surface-to-volume ratio of 2.4
µm2/µm3 ~93% of cell volume is contractile apparatus, 3.1%
mitochondria and 2.5% nucleus. Cell profiles are irregular but sectional area decreases
regularly towards either end of the cell. Muscle cells are gathered into bundles (the
mechanical units of detrusor), variable in length and size, but of constant width. The
musculature is highly compact (without fascia or capsule) with smooth outer surfaces and
extensive association and adhesion between its cells. Among many types of intercellular
contact and junction, digitations are very common, each muscle cell issuing minute
finger-like processes that abut on adjacent cells. Sealed apposition are wide areas of
specialized contact, possibly forming a chamber between two muscle cells, distinct from
the extracellular space at large (stromal space). The innervation is very dense, virtually
all intramuscular axons being varicose (including afferent ones). There are identifiable
neuro-muscular junctions on each muscle cell, often several junctions on a single cell.
There are also unattached terminals. Fibroblasts (involved in the production of collagen),
~1% of the total number of cells, do not make specialized contacts.
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Noguchi K, Sugaya K, Nishijima S, Sakanashi M, Kadekawa K, Ashitomi K, Okitsu S, Yamamoto H. Evaluation of a rat model of functional urinary bladder outlet obstruction produced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. Life Sci 2019; 234:116772. [PMID: 31422097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ligation of the urethra to create partial bladder outlet obstruction has widely been used as an animal model of bladder obstruction, although obstructive bladder dysfunction may be due to both mechanical and functional obstruction. Previous studies in rodents have demonstrated that long-term nitric oxide (NO) deficiency can lead to detrusor overactivity, and lack of NO may thus cause impairment of bladder outlet relaxation. The aim of this study was to define the characteristics of bladder and urethral dysfunction induced by chronic NO deficiency through both in vivo and in vitro investigations. MAIN METHODS Rats were divided into two groups, and one group received an NO synthase inhibitor (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride: L-NAME) in the drinking water for 4 weeks. Bladder and urethral function were evaluated by continuous cystometry and isovolumetric cystometry. In vitro functional studies of detrusor strips and measurement of the mRNA and protein expression of an ischemic marker and a gap junction protein were also performed in separate rats. KEY FINDINGS L-NAME administration raised blood pressure and decreased plasma nitrite/nitrate level compared to the control group. L-NAME treatment increased the frequency of bladder contractions and the residual volume, and elevated urethral pressure and bladder contraction pressure. In addition, carbachol-induced contraction was reduced in isolated detrusor strips from the L-NAME group, and bladder expression of HIF-1 and connexin 43 showed upregulation. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that chronic administration of L-NAME to rats induces bladder hyperactivity with residual urine, and may provide a useful model of functional bladder obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shiho Okitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
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6
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Imamura T, Shimamura M, Ogawa T, Minagawa T, Nagai T, Silwal Gautam S, Ishizuka O. Biofabricated Structures Reconstruct Functional Urinary Bladders in Radiation-Injured Rat Bladders. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1574-1587. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Imamura
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Teruyuki Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tomonori Minagawa
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Ishizuka
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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Abstract
The spatial density of mitochondria was studied by thin-section electron microscopy in
smooth muscles of bladder, iris and gut in mice, rats, guinea-pigs and sheep. Morphometric
data included areas of muscle cell profiles (~6,000 muscle cells were measured) and areas
of their mitochondria (more than three times as many). The visual method delivers accurate
estimates of the extent of the chondrioma (the ensemble of mitochondria in a cell),
measuring all and only the mitochondria in each muscle cell and no other cells. The
digital records obtained can be used again for checks and new searches. Spatial density of
mitochondria varies between about 2 and 10% in different muscles in different species. In
contrast, there is consistency of mitochondrial density within a given muscle in a given
species. For each muscle in each species there is a characteristic mitochondrial density
with modest variation between experiments. On the basis of data from serial sections in
the rat detrusor muscle, mitochondrial density varies very little between the muscle
cells, each cell having a value close to that for the whole muscle. Mitochondrial density
is different in a given muscle, e.g., ileal circular muscle, from the four mammalian
species, with highest values in mouse and lowest in sheep; in mice the mitochondrial
density is nearly three time higher that in sheep. In a given species there are
characteristic variations between different muscles. For example, the bladder detrusor
muscle has markedly fewer mitochondria than the ileum, and the iris has markedly more.
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Schönenberger D, Rajski M, Harlander S, Frew IJ. Vhl deletion in renal epithelia causes HIF-1α-dependent, HIF-2α-independent angiogenesis and constitutive diuresis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60971-60985. [PMID: 27528422 PMCID: PMC5308630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest requirements for the formation of a solid tumor is the establishment of an adequate blood supply. Clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) are highly vascularized tumors in which the earliest genetic event is most commonly the biallelic inactivation of the VHL tumor suppressor gene, leading to constitutive activation of the HIF-1α and HIF-2α transcription factors, which are known angiogenic factors. However it remains unclear whether either or both HIF-1α or HIF-2α stabilization in normal renal epithelial cells are necessary or sufficient for alterations in blood vessel formation. We show that renal epithelium-specific deletion of Vhl in mice causes increased medullary vascularization and that this phenotype is completely rescued by Hif1a co-deletion, but not by co-deletion of Hif2a. A physiological consequence of changes in the blood vessels of the vasa recta in Vhl-deficient mice is a diabetes insipidus phenotype of excretion of large amounts of highly diluted urine. This constitutive diuresis is fully compensated by increased water consumption and mice do not show any signs of dehydration, renal failure or salt wasting and blood electrolyte levels remain unchanged. Co-deletion of Hif1a, but not Hif2a, with Vhl, fully restored kidney morphology and function, correlating with the rescue of the vasculature. We hypothesize that the increased medullary vasculature alters salt uptake from the renal interstitium, resulting in a disruption of the osmotic gradient and impaired urinary concentration. Taken together, our study characterizes a new mouse model for a form of diabetes insipidus and non-obstructive hydronephrosis and provides new insights into the physiological and pathophysiological effects of HIF-1α stabilization on the vasculature in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Rajski
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Harlander
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian J Frew
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit hypoxia-induced inflammatory and fibrotic pathways in bladder smooth muscle cells. World J Urol 2018; 36:1157-1165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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10
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Zhu B, Ekman M, Svensson D, Lindvall JM, Nilsson BO, Uvelius B, Swärd K. Array profiling reveals contribution of Cthrc1 to growth of the denervated rat urinary bladder. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F893-F905. [PMID: 29357417 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00499.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder denervation and bladder outlet obstruction are urological conditions that cause bladder growth. Transcriptomic surveys in outlet obstruction have identified differentially expressed genes, but similar studies following denervation have not been done. This was addressed using a rat model in which the pelvic ganglia were cryo-ablated followed by bladder microarray analyses. At 10 days following denervation, bladder weight had increased 5.6-fold, and 2,890 mRNAs and 135 micro-RNAs (miRNAs) were differentially expressed. Comparison with array data from obstructed bladders demonstrated overlap between the conditions, and 10% of mRNAs changed significantly and in the same direction. Many mRNAs, including collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 ( Cthrc1), Prc1, Plod2, and Dkk3, and miRNAs, such as miR-212 and miR-29, resided in the shared signature. Discordantly regulated transcripts in the two models were rare, making up for <0.07% of all changes, and the gene products in this category localized to the urothelium of normal bladders. These transcripts may potentially be used to diagnose sensory denervation. Western blotting demonstrated directionally consistent changes at the protein level, with increases of, e.g., Cthrc1, Prc1, Plod2, and Dkk3. We chose Cthrc1 for further studies and found that Cthrc1 was induced in the smooth muscle cell (SMC) layer following denervation. TGF-β1 stimulation and miR-30d-5p inhibition increased Cthrc1 in bladder SMCs, and knockdown and overexpression of Cthrc1 reduced and increased SMC proliferation. This work defines common and distinguishing features of bladder denervation and obstruction and suggests a role for Cthrc1 in bladder growth following denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Zhu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden.,Department of Urology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangdong , China
| | - Mari Ekman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Daniel Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Jessica M Lindvall
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Bengt Uvelius
- Section of Urology, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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11
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Sezginer EK, Yilmaz-Oral D, Lokman U, Nebioglu S, Aktan F, Gur S. Effects of varying degrees of partial bladder outlet obstruction on urinary bladder function of rats: A novel link to inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxia. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2017; 11:O193-O201. [PMID: 29282885 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different degrees of obstruction, and the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia parameters on bladder function. METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10 in each group): (i) sham-operated control; (ii) severe partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO); and (iii) moderate PBOO. Severe and moderate PBOO were induced by urethral ligation using 3-Fr and 4-Fr catheters, respectively, for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the in vitro contractile responses to carbachol, electrical field stimulation, ATP and KCl were measured in bladder strips. In addition, mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) in bladder were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in bladder tissues were also determined. RESULTS Rats in the severe PBOO group had the highest bladder weight. Detrusor strips from rats in the severe PBOO group exhibited 61%-82% smaller contractile responses to all four stimuli than those from the sham-operated group. Activity of NF-κB as an inflammatory marker was increased in the severe PBOO group, whereas HIF-1α and HIF-2β protein levels were increased significantly in the moderate PBOO group. A master regulator of oxidative stress, Nrf2 expression was increased in all obstructed rats. MDA levels were higher in the severe PBOO group than in sham-operated group. CONCLUSION The results of the present study reveal the importance of oxidative stress-induced NF-κB signaling in bladder dysfunction with severe obstruction. Altered HIF signaling may contribute to the functional impairment after PBOO. Novel and evolving therapies targeting oxidative and/or inflammatory pathways may be a reasonable strategy for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms or benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Kaya Sezginer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Yilmaz-Oral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utku Lokman
- Department of Urology, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serpil Nebioglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fugen Aktan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Gur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Iguchi N, Dönmez Mİ, Malykhina AP, Carrasco A, Wilcox DT. Preventative effects of a HIF inhibitor, 17-DMAG, on partial bladder outlet obstruction-induced bladder dysfunction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1149-F1160. [PMID: 28768664 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00240.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior urethral valves are the most common cause of partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) in the pediatric population. Pathological changes in the bladder developed during PBOO are responsible for long-lasting voiding dysfunction in this population despite early surgical interventions. Increasing evidence showed PBOO induces an upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and their transcriptional target genes, and they play a role in pathophysiological changes in the obstructed bladders. We hypothesized that blocking HIF pathways can prevent PBOO-induced bladder dysfunction. PBOO was surgically created by ligation of the bladder neck in male C57BL/6J mice for 2 wk. PBOO mice received intraperitoneal injection of either saline or 17-DMAG (alvespimycin, 3 mg/kg) every 48 h starting from day 1 postsurgery. Sham-operated animals received injection of saline on the same schedule as PBOO mice and served as controls. The bladders were harvested after 2 wk, and basal activity and evoked contractility of the detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) were evaluated in vitro. Bladder function was assessed in vivo by void spot assay and cystometry in conscious, unrestrained mice. Results indicated the 17-DMAG treatment preserved DSM contractility and partially prevented the development of detrusor over activity in obstructed bladders. In addition, PBOO caused a significant increase in the frequency of micturition, which was significantly reduced by 17-DMAG treatment. The 17-DMAG treatment improved urodynamic parameters, including increases in the bladder pressure at micturition and nonvoid contractions observed in PBOO mice. These results demonstrate that treatment with 17-DMAG, a HIF inhibitor, significantly alleviated PBOO-induced bladder pathology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Iguchi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - M İrfan Dönmez
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Anna P Malykhina
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | | | - Duncan T Wilcox
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and .,Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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13
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Zhu B, Swärd K, Ekman M, Uvelius B, Rippe C. Cavin-3 (PRKCDBP) deficiency reduces the density of caveolae in smooth muscle. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:591-602. [PMID: 28285351 PMCID: PMC5429901 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cavins belong to a family of proteins that contribute to the formation of caveolae, which are membrane organelles with functional roles in muscle and fat. Here, we investigate the effect of cavin-3 ablation on vascular and urinary bladder structure and function. Arteries and urinary bladders from mice lacking cavin-3 (knockout: KO) and from controls (wild type: WT) were examined. Our studies revealed that the loss of cavin-3 resulted in ∼40% reduction of the caveolae protein cavin-1 in vascular and bladder smooth muscle. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the loss of cavin-3 was accompanied by a reduction of caveolae abundance by 40-45% in smooth muscle, whereas the density of caveolae in endothelial cells was unchanged. Vascular contraction in response to an α1-adrenergic agonist was normal but nitric-oxide-dependent relaxation was enhanced, in parallel with an increased relaxation on direct activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). This was associated with an elevated expression of sGC, although blood pressure was similar in WT and KO mice. Contraction of the urinary bladder was not affected by the loss of cavin-3. The proteomic response to outlet obstruction, including STAT3 phosphorylation, the induction of synthetic markers and the repression of contractile markers were identical in WT and KO mice, the only exception being a curtailed induction of the Golgi protein GM130. Loss of cavin-3 thus reduces the number of caveolae in smooth muscle and partly destabilizes cavin-1 but the functional consequences are modest and include an elevated vascular sensitivity to nitric oxide and slightly disturbed Golgi homeostasis in situations of severe cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Zhu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, 223 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, 223 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mari Ekman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, 223 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Uvelius
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, 223 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, 223 84, Lund, Sweden.
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Andersson KE, Boedtkjer DB, Forman A. The link between vascular dysfunction, bladder ischemia, and aging bladder dysfunction. Ther Adv Urol 2016; 9:11-27. [PMID: 28042309 DOI: 10.1177/1756287216675778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular supply to the human bladder is derived mainly from the superior and inferior vesical arteries, the latter being directly connected to the internal iliac artery. Aging is associated with an impairment of blood vessel function and changes may occur in the vasculature at the molecular, cellular and functional level. Pelvic arterial insufficiency may play an important role in the development of bladder dysfunctions such as detrusor overactivity (DO) and the overactive bladder syndrome. Chronic ischemia-related bladder dysfunction may progress to bladder underactivity and it would be desirable to treat not only lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) induced by chronic ischemia, but also the progression of the morphological bladder changes. Studies in experimental models in rabbits and rats have shown that pelvic arterial insufficiency may result in significant bladder ischemia with reduced bladder wall oxygen tension. In turn, this will lead to oxidative stress associated with upregulation of oxidative stress-sensitive genes, increased muscarinic receptor activity, ultrastructural damage, and neurodegeneration. The phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor tadalafil, the α1-adrenoceptor (AR) blocker silodosin, the β3-AR agonist mirabegron, and the free radical scavenger melatonin, exerted a protecting effect on urodynamic parameters, and on functional and morphological changes of the bladder demonstrable in vitro. Since the agents tested are used clinically for relieving LUTS, the results from the animal models seem to have translational value, and may be of relevance for designing clinical studies to demonstrate if the drugs may prevent progression of ischemia-related functional and morphological bladder changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erik Andersson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Axel Forman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Krawczyk KK, Ekman M, Rippe C, Grossi M, Nilsson BO, Albinsson S, Uvelius B, Swärd K. Assessing the contribution of thrombospondin-4 induction and ATF6α activation to endoplasmic reticulum expansion and phenotypic modulation in bladder outlet obstruction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32449. [PMID: 27581066 PMCID: PMC5007532 DOI: 10.1038/srep32449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells is a hallmark of disease. The associated expansion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) volume remains unexplained. Thrombospondin-4 was recently found to promote ATF6α activation leading to ER expansion. Using bladder outlet obstruction as a paradigm for phenotypic modulation, we tested if thrombospondin-4 is induced in association with ATF6α activation and ER expansion. Thrombospondin-4 was induced and ATF6α was activated after outlet obstruction in rodents. Increased abundance of spliced of Xbp1, another ER-stress sensor, and induction of Atf4 and Creb3l2 was also seen. Downstream of ATF6α, Calr, Manf, Sdf2l1 and Pdi increased as did ER size, whereas contractile markers were reduced. Overexpression of ATF6α, but not of thrombospondin-4, increased Calr, Manf, Sdf2l1 and Pdi and caused ER expansion, but the contractile markers were inert. Knockout of thrombospondin-4 neither affected bladder growth nor expression of ATF6α target genes, and repression of contractile markers was the same, even if ATF6α activation was curtailed. Increases of Xbp1s, Atf4 and Creb3l2 were similar. Our findings demonstrate reciprocal regulation of the unfolded protein response, including ATF6α activation and ER expansion, and reduced contractile differentiation in bladder outlet obstruction occurring independently of thrombospondin-4, which however is a sensitive indicator of obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Ekman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mario Grossi
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Uvelius
- Department of Urology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Iguchi N, Malykhina AP, Wilcox DT. Inhibition of HIF Reduces Bladder Hypertrophy and Improves Bladder Function in Murine Model of Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction. J Urol 2016; 195:1250-6. [PMID: 26926557 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Posterior urethral valves are the most common cause of partial bladder outlet obstruction in the pediatric population. However, to our knowledge the etiology and the detailed mechanisms underlying pathological changes in the bladder following partial bladder outlet obstruction remain to be elucidated. Recent findings suggest that hypoxia and associated up-regulation of HIFs (hypoxia-inducible factors) have a key role in partial bladder outlet obstruction induced pathology in the bladder. We examined the effects of pharmacological inhibition of HIF pathways by 17-DMAG (17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin) in pathophysiological phenotypes after partial bladder outlet obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Partial bladder outlet obstruction was surgically created in male C57BL/6J mice. The animals received oral administration of 17-DMAG or vehicle daily starting from the initiation of obstruction up to 5 days. Sham operated mice served as controls. Bladders were harvested from each group 2, 4 and 7 days postoperatively, and analyzed for histological and biochemical changes. Bladder function was assessed by in vitro muscle contractility recordings. RESULTS Partial bladder outlet obstruction caused a significant increase in the bladder mass accompanying enhanced collagen deposition in the bladder wall while 17-DMAG treatment suppressed those increases. Treatment with 17-DMAG attenuated the degree of up-regulation of HIFs and their target genes involving the development of tissue fibrosis in obstructed bladders. Treatment with 17-DMAG improved the decreased responses of obstructed bladder strips to electrical field stimulation and KCl. CONCLUSIONS In vivo 17-DMAG treatment decreased partial bladder outlet obstruction induced pathophysiological changes in the bladder. HIF pathway inhibition has a potential clinical implication for the development of novel pharmacological therapies to treat bladder pathology associated with partial bladder outlet obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Iguchi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anna P Malykhina
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Duncan T Wilcox
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
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17
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Ekman M, Albinsson S, Uvelius B, Swärd K. MicroRNAs in Bladder Outlet Obstruction: Relationship to Growth and Matrix Remodelling. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119 Suppl 3:5-17. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ekman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Uvelius
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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18
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Koeck I, Burkhard FC, Monastyrskaya K. Activation of common signaling pathways during remodeling of the heart and the bladder. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 102:7-19. [PMID: 26390804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart and the urinary bladder are hollow muscular organs, which can be afflicted by pressure overload injury due to pathological conditions such as hypertension and bladder outlet obstruction. This increased outflow resistance induces hypertrophy, marked by dramatic changes in the organs' phenotype and function. The end result in both the heart and the bladder can be acute organ failure due to advanced fibrosis and the subsequent loss of contractility. There is emerging evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure and bladder dysfunction. MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding single-stranded RNAs, which regulate gene expression and control adaptive and maladaptive organ remodeling processes. This Review summarizes the current knowledge of molecular alterations in the heart and the bladder and highlights common signaling pathways and regulatory events. The miRNA expression analysis and experimental target validation done in the heart provide a valuable source of information for investigators working on the bladder and other organs undergoing the process of fibrotic remodeling. Aberrantly expressed miRNA are amendable to pharmacological manipulation, offering an opportunity for development of new therapies for cardiac and bladder hypertrophy and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Koeck
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Katia Monastyrskaya
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Urology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
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