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Yasuda H, Fukusumi Y, Zhang Y, Kawachi H. 14-3-3 Proteins stabilize actin and vimentin filaments to maintain processes in renal glomerular podocyte. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23168. [PMID: 37651095 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300865r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a ubiquitously expressed family of adaptor proteins. Despite exhibiting high sequence homology, several 14-3-3 isoforms have isoform-specific binding partners and roles. We reported that 14-3-3β interacts with FKBP12 and synaptopodin to maintain the structure of actin fibers in podocytes. However, the precise localization and differential role of 14-3-3 isoforms in kidneys are unclear. Herein, we showed that 14-3-3β in glomeruli was restricted in podocytes, and 14-3-3σ in glomeruli was expressed in podocytes and mesangial cells. Although 14-3-3β was dominantly co-localized with FKBP12 in the foot processes, a part of 14-3-3β was co-localized with Par3 at the slit diaphragm. 14-3-3β interacted with Par3, and FKBP12 bound to 14-3-3β competitively with Par3. Deletion of 14-3-3β enhanced the interaction of Par3 with Par6 in podocytes. Gene silencing for 14-3-3β altered the structure of actin fibers and process formation. 14-3-3β and synaptopodin expression was decreased in podocyte injury models. In contrast, 14-3-3σ in podocytes was expressed in the primary processes. 14-3-3σ interacted with vimentin but not with the actin-associated proteins FKBP12 and synaptopodin. Gene silencing for 14-3-3σ altered the structure of vimentin fibers and process formation. 14-3-3σ and vimentin expression was increased in the early phase of podocyte injury models but was decreased in the late stage. Together, the localization of 14-3-3β at actin cytoskeleton plays a role in maintaining the foot processes and the Par complex in podocytes. In contrast, 14-3-3σ at vimentin cytoskeleton is essential for maintaining primary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Yasuda
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Yasuda H, Fukusumi Y, Ivanov V, Zhang Y, Kawachi H. Tacrolimus ameliorates podocyte injury by restoring FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12) at actin cytoskeleton. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21983. [PMID: 34662453 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101052r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
FKBP12 was identified as a binding protein of tacrolimus (Tac). Tac binds to FKBP12 and exhibits immunosuppressive effects in T cells. Although it is reported that Tac treatment directly ameliorates the dysfunction of the podocyte in nephrotic syndrome, the precise pharmacological mechanism of Tac is not well understood yet. It is also known that FKBP12 functions independently of Tac. However, the localization and the physiological function of FKBP12 are not well elucidated. In this study, we observed that FKBP12 is highly expressed in glomeruli, and the FKBP12 in glomeruli is restricted in podocytes. FKBP12 in cultured podocytes was expressed along the actin cytoskeleton and associated with filamentous actin (F-actin). FKBP12 interacted with the actin-associated proteins 14-3-3 and synaptopodin. RNA silencing for FKBP12 reduced 14-3-3 expression, F-actin staining, and process formation in cultured podocytes. FKBP12 expression was decreased in the nephrotic model caused by adriamycin (ADR) and the cultured podocyte treated with ADR. The process formation was deteriorated in the podocytes treated with ADR. Tac treatment ameliorated these decreases. Tac treatment to the normal cells increased the expression of FKBP12 at F-actin in processes and enhanced process formation. Tac enhanced the interaction of FKBP12 with synaptopodin. These observations suggested that FKBP12 at actin cytoskeleton participates in the maintenance of processes, and Tac treatment ameliorates podocyte injury by restoring FKBP12 at actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Yasuda
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Veniamin Ivanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Tanoue A, Katayama K, Ito Y, Joh K, Toda M, Yasuma T, D'Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Kawachi H, Yan K, Ito M, Gabazza EC, Tryggvason K, Dohi K. Podocyte-specific Crb2 knockout mice develop focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20556. [PMID: 34654837 PMCID: PMC8519956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Crb2 is a cell polarity-related type I transmembrane protein expressed in the apical membrane of podocytes. Knockdown of crb2 causes glomerular permeability defects in zebrafish, and its complete knockout causes embryonic lethality in mice. There are also reports of Crb2 mutations in patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, although the precise mechanism is unclear. The present study demonstrated that podocyte-specific Crb2 knockout mice develop massive albuminuria and microhematuria 2-month after birth and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis with hemosiderin-laden macrophages at 6-month of age. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies demonstrated injury and foot process effacement of podocytes in 6-month aged podocyte-specific Crb2 knockout mice. The number of glomerular Wt1-positive cells and the expressions of Nphs2, Podxl, and Nphs1 were reduced in podocyte-specific Crb2 knockout mice compared to negative control mice. Human podocytes lacking CRB2 had significantly decreased F-actin positive area and were more susceptible to apoptosis than their wild-type counterparts. Overall, this study's results suggest that the specific deprivation of Crb2 in podocytes induces altered actin cytoskeleton reorganization associated with dysfunction and accelerated apoptosis of podocytes that ultimately cause focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tanoue
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kan Katayama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yugo Ito
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Joh
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Toda
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Esteban C Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaoru Dohi
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Ivanov V, Fukusumi Y, Zhang Y, Yasuda H, Kitazawa M, Kawachi H. Synbindin Downregulation Participates in Slit Diaphragm Dysfunction. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:620-629. [PMID: 34515036 DOI: 10.1159/000517975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synbindin, originally identified as a neuronal cytoplasmic molecule, was found in glomeruli. The cDNA subtractive hybridization technique showed the mRNA expression of synbindin in glomeruli was downregulated in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephropathy, a mimic of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. METHODS The expression of synbindin in podocytes was analyzed in normal rats and 2 types of rat nephrotic models, anti-nephrin antibody-induced nephropathy, a pure slit diaphragm injury model, and PAN nephropathy, by immunohistochemical analysis and RT-PCR techniques. To elucidate the function of synbindin, a gene silencing study with human cultured podocytes was performed. RESULTS Synbindin was mainly expressed at the slit diaphragm area of glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes). In both nephrotic models, decreased mRNA expression and the altered staining of synbindin were already detected at the early phase when proteinuria and the altered staining of nephrin, a key molecule of slit diaphragm, were not detected yet. Synbindin staining was clearly reduced when severe proteinuria was observed. When the cultured podocytes were treated with siRNA for synbindin, the cell changed to a round shape, and filamentous actin structure was clearly altered. The expression of ephrin-B1, a transmembrane protein at slit diaphragm, was clearly lowered, and synaptic vesicle-associated protein 2B (SV2B) was upregulated in the synbindin knockdown cells. CONCLUSION Synbindin participates in maintaining foot processes and slit diaphragm as a downstream molecule of SV2B-mediated vesicle transport. Synbindin downregulation participates in slit diaphragm dysfunction. Synbindin can be an early marker to detect podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veniamin Ivanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yasuda
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Meiko Kitazawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Fukusumi Y, Yasuda H, Zhang Y, Kawachi H. Nephrin-Ephrin-B1-Na +/H + Exchanger Regulatory Factor 2-Ezrin-Actin Axis Is Critical in Podocyte Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1209-1226. [PMID: 33887216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ephrin-B1 is one of the critical components of the slit diaphragm of kidney glomerular podocyte. However, the precise function of ephrin-B1 is unclear. To clarify the function of ephrin-B1, ephrin-B1-associated molecules were studied. RNA-sequencing analysis suggested that Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 2 (NHERF2), a scaffolding protein, is associated with ephrin-B1. NHERF2 was expressed at the apical area and the slit diaphragm, and interacted with the nephrin-ephrin-B1 complex at the slit diaphragm. The nephrin-ephrin-B1-NHERF2 complex interacted with ezrin bound to F-actin. NHERF2 bound ephrin-B1 via its first postsynaptic density protein-95/disks large/zonula occludens-1 domain, and podocalyxin via its second postsynaptic density protein-95/disks large/zonula occludens-1 domain. Both in vitro analyses with human embryonic kidney 293 cells and in vivo study with rat nephrotic model showed that stimulaiton of the slit diaphragm, phosphorylation of nephrin and ephrin-B1, and dephosphorylation of NHERF2 and ezrin, disrupted the linkages of ephrin-B1-NHERF2 and NHERF2-ezrin. It is conceivable that the linkage of nephrin-ephrin-B1-NHERF2-ezrin-actin is a novel critical axis in the podocytes. Ephrin-B1 phosphorylation also disrupted the linkage of an apical transmembrane protein, podocalyxin, with NHERF2-ezrin-actin. The phosphorylation of ephrin-B1 and the consequent dephosphorylation of NHERF2 are critical initiation events leading to podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yasuda
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Bioinformatics analysis of potential core genes for glioblastoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225797. [PMID: 32667033 PMCID: PMC7385582 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) has a high degree of malignancy, aggressiveness and recurrence rate. However, there are limited options available for the treatment of GBM, and they often result in poor prognosis and unsatisfactory outcomes. Materials and methods: In order to identify potential core genes in GBM that may provide new therapeutic insights, we analyzed three gene chips (GSE2223, GSE4290 and GSE50161) screened from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) from the tissues of GBM and normal brain were screened using GEO2R. To determine the functional annotation and pathway of DEG, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using DAVID database. Protein interactions of DEG were visualized using PPI network on Cytoscape software. Next, 10 Hub nodes were screened from the differentially expressed network using MCC algorithm on CytoHubba software and subsequently identified as Hub genes. Finally, the relationship between Hub genes and the prognosis of GBM patients was described using GEPIA2 survival analysis web tool. Results: A total of 37 up-regulated and 187 down-regulated genes were identified through microarray analysis. Amongst the 10 Hub genes selected, SV2B appeared to be the only gene associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma based on the survival analysis. Conclusion: Our study suggests that high expression of SV2B is associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. Whether SV2B can be used as a new therapeutic target for GBM requires further validation.
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Korsgaard T, Joshi S, Andersen RF, Moeller K, Seeman T, Podracká L, Eiberg H, Rittig S. Human leukocyte antigen association with familial steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:1481-1486. [PMID: 32198629 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) is the most common form of nephrotic syndrome in childhood. Cases with the familial occurrence of SSNS suggest that genetics may play a role in the disease. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been associated with SSNS. We present genetic findings in nine families (44 participants), each with at least two affected siblings. A total of 19 patients were affected with familial SSNS. Six of nine families showed linkage to markers on chromosome 6p (27.29-33.97 Mbp) (Hg19), especially to markers D6S1629 and D6S1560 on HLA dense region in this location. Interestingly, we also found linkage of disease phenotype of familial SSNS on chromosome 15 (91.7-96.9 Mbp) (Hg19) with a logarithm of odds (LOD) score Z = 3.02.Conclusion: Our findings confirm the linkage of HLA markers on chromosome 6, which strengthens the association of HLA alleles in SSNS. What is Known: • Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been associated with idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). Only few studies have investigated the association between HLA alleles and familial SSNS. What is New: • We present evidence of linkage of familial SSNS to chromosome 6p (27.29-33.97 Mbp) (Hg19), especially to markers D6S1629 and D6S1560 on HLA dense region in this location. We also found linkage of the disease phenotype of familial SSNS on chromosome 15 (91.7-96.9 Mbp) (Hg19) with a logarithm of odds (LOD) score of Z = 3.02 following autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Korsgaard
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Shivani Joshi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Child and Youth Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rene F Andersen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kristina Moeller
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Klinkum Link der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tomás Seeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University in Prague - 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Praha 5, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Podracká
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Medical School Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hans Eiberg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The Panum Institute, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Søren Rittig
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Miyamoto M, Kuzuya A, Noda Y, Ueda S, Asada-Utsugi M, Ito S, Fukusumi Y, Kawachi H, Takahashi R, Kinoshita A. Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2B Negatively Regulates the Amyloidogenic Processing of AβPP as a Novel Interaction Partner of BACE1. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:173-185. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kuzuya
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuha Noda
- Department of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sakiho Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Asada-Utsugi
- Department of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayae Kinoshita
- Department of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kawachi H, Fukusumi Y. New insight into podocyte slit diaphragm, a therapeutic target of proteinuria. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 24:193-204. [PMID: 32020343 PMCID: PMC7040068 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of slit diaphragm, a cell–cell junction of glomerular podocytes, is involved in the development of proteinuria in several glomerular diseases. Slit diaphragm should be a target of a novel therapy for proteinuria. Nephrin, NEPH1, P-cadherin, FAT, and ephrin-B1 were reported to be extracellular components forming a molecular sieve of the slit diaphragm. Several cytoplasmic proteins such as ZO-1, podocin, CD2AP, MAGI proteins and Par-complex molecules were identified as scaffold proteins linking the slit diaphragm to the cytoskeleton. In this article, new insights into these molecules and the pathogenic roles of the dysfunction of these molecules were introduced. The slit diaphragm functions not only as a barrier but also as a signaling platform transfer the signal to the inside of the cell. For maintaining the slit diaphragm function properly, the phosphorylation level of nephrin is strictly regulated. The recent studies on the signaling pathway from nephrin, NEPH1, and ephrin-B1 were reviewed. Although the mechanism regulating the function of the slit diaphragm had remained unclear, recent studies revealed TRPC6 and angiotensin II-regulating mechanisms play a critical role in regulating the barrier function of the slit diaphragm. In this review, recent investigations on the regulation of the slit diaphragm function were reviewed, and a strategy for the establishment of a novel therapy for proteinuria was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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Takamura S, Fukusumi Y, Zhang Y, Narita I, Kawachi H. Partitioning-Defective-6-Ephrin-B1 Interaction Is Regulated by Nephrin-Mediated Signal and Is Crucial in Maintaining Slit Diaphragm of Podocyte. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:333-346. [PMID: 31837290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ephrin-B1 plays a critical role at slit diaphragm. Partitioning-defective (Par)-6 is down-regulated in podocyte of ephrin-B1 knockout mouse, suggesting that Par-6 is associated with ephrin-B1. Par polarity complex, consisting of Par-6, Par-3, and atypical protein kinase C, is essential for tight junction formation. In this study, the expression of Par-6 was analyzed in the normal and nephrotic syndrome model rats, and the molecular association of Par-6, Par-3, ephrin-B1, and nephrin was assessed with the human embryonic kidney 293 cell expression system. Par-6 was concentrated at slit diaphragm. Par 6 interacted with ephrin-B1 but not with nephrin, and Par-3 interacted with nephrin but not with ephrin-B1. The complexes of Par-6-ephrin-B1 and Par-3-nephrin were linked via extracellular sites of ephrin-B1 and nephrin. The Par-6-ephrin-B1 complex was delinked from the Par-3-nephrin complex, and Par-6 and ephrin-B1 were clearly down-regulated already at early phase of nephrotic model. The alteration of Par-6/ephrin-B1 advanced that of Par-3/nephrin. Stimulation to nephrin phosphorylated not only nephrin but also ephrin-B1, and consequently inhibited the interaction between ephrin-B1 and Par-6. Par-6 appeared at presumptive podocyte of early developmental stage and moved to basal area at capillary loop stage to participate in slit diaphragm formation at the final stage. Par-6-ephrin-B1 interaction is crucial for formation and maintenance of slit diaphragm of podocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Takamura
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Fukusumi Y, Zhang Y, Yamagishi R, Oda K, Watanabe T, Matsui K, Kawachi H. Nephrin-Binding Ephrin-B1 at the Slit Diaphragm Controls Podocyte Function through the JNK Pathway. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1462-1474. [PMID: 29602834 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017090993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B-type ephrins are membrane-bound proteins that maintain tissue function in several organs. We previously reported that ephrin-B1 is localized at the slit diaphragm of glomerular podocytes. However, the function of ephrin-B1 at this location is unclear.Methods We analyzed the phenotype of podocyte-specific ephrin-B1 knockout mice and assessed the molecular association of ephrin-B1 and nephrin, a key molecule of the slit diaphragm, in HEK293 cells and rats with anti-nephrin antibody-induced nephropathy.Results Compared with controls, ephrin-B1 conditional knockout mice displayed altered podocyte morphology, disarrangement of the slit diaphragm molecules, and proteinuria. Ephrin-B1 expressed in HEK293 cells immunoprecipitated with nephrin, which required the basal regions of the extracellular domains of both proteins. Treatment of cells with an anti-nephrin antibody promoted the phosphorylation of nephrin and ephrin-B1. However, phosphorylation of ephrin-B1 did not occur in cells expressing a mutant nephrin lacking the ephrin-B1 binding site or in cells treated with an Src kinase inhibitor. The phosphorylation of ephrin-B1 enhanced the phosphorylation of nephrin and promoted the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which was required for ephrin-B1-promoted cell motility in wound-healing assays. Notably, phosphorylated JNK was detected in the glomeruli of control mice but not ephrin-B1 conditional knockout mice. In rats, the phosphorylation of ephrin-B1, JNK, and nephrin occurred in the early phase (24 hours) of anti-nephrin antibody-induced nephropathy.Conclusions Through interactions with nephrin, ephrin-B1 maintains the structure and barrier function of the slit diaphragm. Moreover, phosphorylation of ephrin-B1 and, consequently, JNK are involved in the development of podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamagishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kanako Oda
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toru Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan; and
| | - Katsuyuki Matsui
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan;
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Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang P, Yang C, Li S. Exploration of the molecular mechanism of prostate cancer based on mRNA and miRNA expression profiles. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3225-3232. [PMID: 28721073 PMCID: PMC5499856 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s135764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, the second most common cancer in men, has been rarely explored by integrating mRNA and miRNA expression profiles. In this study, we combined two mRNA expression datasets and six documented miRNAs to uncover the comprehensive molecular mechanism of prostate cancer. Results showed that a total of 30 genes were significantly differentially expressed in 49 tumor samples by comparing with 22 normal samples. Importantly, all samples from the two datasets can be clearly classified into two groups, tumor group and normal group, based on the selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The miRNA–mRNA regulation network indicated that 4 out of 30 DEGs can be regulated by three miRNAs. In addition, prognostic performance validation using in silico databases showed that the DEGs can significantly differentiate between low-risk and high-risk prostate cancer. In summary, multiple biological processes are probably involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer. First, dysregulation of SV2 can regulate transporter and transmembrane transporter activity and then provide the necessary nutrients for tumor cell proliferation. Second, HOXD10 can induce cell proliferation via TCF-4. Finally, dysregulation of CACNA1D can further suppress tumor apoptosis in prostate cancer. The identification of critical genes and valuable biological processes can be useful for the understanding of the molecular mechanism of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengwei Li
- Surgery of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou TCM Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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13
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Wakamatsu A, Fukusumi Y, Hasegawa E, Tomita M, Watanabe T, Narita I, Kawachi H. Role of calcineurin (CN) in kidney glomerular podocyte: CN inhibitor ameliorated proteinuria by inhibiting the redistribution of CN at the slit diaphragm. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/6/e12679. [PMID: 27009276 PMCID: PMC4814882 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although calcineurin (CN) is distributed in many cell types and functions in regulating cell functions, the precise roles of CN remained in each type of the cells are not well understood yet. A CN inhibitor (CNI) has been used for steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome. A CNI is assumed to ameliorate proteinuria by preventing the overproduction of T‐cell cytokines. However, recent reports suggest that CNI has a direct effect on podocyte. It is accepted that a slit diaphragm (SD), a unique cell–cell junction of podocytes, is a critical barrier preventing a leak of plasma protein into urine. Therefore, we hypothesized that CNI has an effect on the SD. In this study, we analyzed the expression of CN in physiological and in the nephrotic model caused by the antibody against nephrin, a critical component of the SD. We observed that CN is expressed at the SD in normal rat and human kidney sections and has an interaction with nephrin. The staining of CN at the SD was reduced in the nephrotic model, while CN activity in glomeruli was increased. We also observed that the treatment with tacrolimus, a CNI, in this nephrotic model suppressed the redistribution of CN, nephrin, and other SD components and ameliorated proteinuria. These observations suggested that the redistribution and the activation of CN may participate in the development of the SD injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Wakamatsu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eriko Hasegawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tomita
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toru Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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