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Kim YH, Park YJ, Baek DJ, Kwon JE, Kang HY. A novel treatment for Riehl's melanosis targeting both dermal melanin and vessels. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2023; 39:613-619. [PMID: 37612856 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Riehl's melanosis is a difficult-to-treat condition characterized by persisting dermal hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a histology-specific targeted therapy for Riehl's melanosis. METHODS Skin biopsy samples of Riehl's melanosis were assessed to identify histology-specific targets for treatment. Subsequently, the efficacy of a combination involving a fractional picosecond laser and a pulsed dye laser (PDL) targeting the dermal melanin and vessels, respectively, was evaluated. Clinical improvement was assessed using the dermal pigmentation area and severity index (DPASI). The treatment outcomes were compared to those of a control, in this case a single laser treatment solely targeting pigmentation. RESULTS Histological and immunohistochemical analyses identified dermal melanin pigment and dilated vessels as treatment targets for Riehl's melanosis. The combined treatment of the fractional picosecond laser and PDL showed a significant reduction of the DPASI scores, which was significantly better than the control group. Patients who underwent the combined laser treatment indicated high levels of satisfaction with no adverse events except of transient erythema and oedema. CONCLUSION The combined treatment of a fractional picosecond laser and a PDL was more effective for Riehl's melanosis compared to single laser treatment. The treatment targets both dermal pigmentation and dilated vessels, offering promising results for those working to manage Riehl's melanosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yul Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young Joon Park
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Du Jin Baek
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Mallat F, Chaaya C, Aoun M, Soutou B, Helou J. Adverse Events of Light-Assisted Hair Removal: An Updated Review. J Cutan Med Surg 2023; 27:375-387. [PMID: 37272371 DOI: 10.1177/12034754231174852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With light-assisted hair removal becoming widely used, reports of adverse effects are increasing. OBJECTIVE To review all the reported optical incidents and cutaneous complications of laser or intense pulse light-assisted hair removal. METHODS A PubMed database systematic search was performed to identify studies reporting such adverse events before July 2022 using the Mesh terms "adverse effects" AND "hair removal" AND ("laser" OR "intense pulse light"). RESULTS Altogether, 358 references were identified. After excluding duplicates, unrelated articles, guidelines, and conference abstracts, then adding references from studies bibliography, 104 publications were included. Ocular incidents consisted of anterior uveitis, iritis and iris atrophy, pupillary distortion, posterior synechiae, anterior chamber pigment, and cataracts in the anterior subcapsular region. Cutaneous complications consisted of pain, burns, folliculitis, leukotrichia, paradoxical hypertrichosis, pigmentary changes, changes in nevi, pili bigemini, herpes infection, hyperhidrosis, bromhidrosis, Fox-Fordyce disease, and frostbite from the cooling system. They were mostly correlated to skin type and body area as well as to light device and set parameters. Intense pulse light devices were found to be less painful than alexandrite laser, yet more painful than diode laser; Nd:YAG laser had the highest pain score. CONCLUSION Optical incidents can be systematically avoided. Cutaneous complications are usually related to professional errors and patient characteristics. Better knowledge of laser physics and adequate training of laser operators are key recommendations to avoid undesirable side effects. Safety recommendations help prevent most of the reported complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Mallat
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Céline Chaaya
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maroun Aoun
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Boutros Soutou
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
- Dermatology Department, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Josiane Helou
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
- Dermatology Department, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
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Tang YQ, Lim J, Gew L. Biocomputational-mediated screening and molecular docking platforms for discovery of coumarin-derived antimelanogenesis agents. DERMATOL SIN 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/ds.ds-d-22-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Yao YZ, Liao ZK, Jiang S, Dong BQ, Luo LF, Miao F, Lei TC. Uncoupling melanogenesis from proliferation in epidermal melanocytes responding to stimulation with psoriasis-related proinflammatory cytokines. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 108:98-108. [PMID: 36577564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have addressed the impact of the psoriasis-related proinflammatory cytokines on the proliferation and melanogenesis of melanocytes (MCs) in lesional psoriatic skin. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of TNFα, IL17A, and IL8 on the proliferation and melanin synthesis of MCs. METHODS Skin specimens were biopsied from patients with psoriasis vulgaris at the active stage, or from the tail skin of Dct-LacZ mice with imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. Cultured keratinocytes (KCs), MCs, and human skin explants were used in this study. The numbers of MCs were measured via β-galactosidase staining, EdU incorporation and HMB45 immunohistochemical staining. The expression of human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) in KCs was silenced by siRNA, the conditioned medium (CM) from siRNA-transfected KCs was used to treat MCs, then followed by αMSH stimulation. The melanogenesis-related genes were examined by using qRT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS The increased number of MCs and decreased melanin content were highly relevant to the enhanced expression of IL8 and BD3 both in human psoriatic skin and in IMQ-treated mouse tail skin. IL8 expression in KCs and CXCR2 expression in MCs was significantly increased by IL17A and TNFα, the αMSH-induced upregulations of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase in MCs were abrogated by the CM from hBD3-unsilenced KCs, but not from hBD3-silenced KCs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the roles of IL8-CXCR2 activation in promoting MC proliferation and of BD3 upregulation in reducing melanogenesis. These findings have been implicated in the underlying mechanism that active psoriasis prefers hypopigmentation despite chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhu Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Kai Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing-Qi Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long-Fei Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tie-Chi Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Tian X, Cui Z, Liu S, Zhou J, Cui R. Melanosome transport and regulation in development and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107707. [PMID: 33075361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanosomes are specialized membrane-bound organelles that synthesize and organize melanin, ultimately providing color to the skin, hair, and eyes. Disorders in melanogenesis and melanosome transport are linked to pigmentary diseases, such as Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, and Griscelli syndrome. Clinical cases of these pigmentary diseases shed light on the molecular mechanisms that control melanosome-related pathways. However, only an improved understanding of melanogenesis and melanosome transport will further the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Herein, we review the current literature surrounding melanosomes with particular emphasis on melanosome membrane transport and cytoskeleton-mediated melanosome transport. We also provide perspectives on melanosome regulatory mechanisms which include hormonal action, inflammation, autophagy, and organelle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tian
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ziyong Cui
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Song Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Rutao Cui
- Skin Disease Research Institute, The 2nd Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Melanogenic Properties and Expression Profiles of Melanogenic Paracrine Molecules in Riehl's Melanosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051695. [PMID: 32121626 PMCID: PMC7084821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Riehl's melanosis is a hyperpigmentary disorder that occurs predominantly on the face and neck. To date, the pathogenesis of Riehl's melanosis with regards to the melanogenic properties and paracrine melanogenic molecules has not well been studied. This study was aimed to provide a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of Riehl's melanosis by identifying the relevant paracrine melanogenic molecules in Riehl's melanosis. Skin biopsies were performed on lesional and normal-appearing perilesional skin of 12 patients with Riehl's melanosis and 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Histopathological and immunohistochemical staining for paracrine melanogenic molecules was analyzed. The major histopathological findings of Riehl's melanosis were basal hyperpigmentation, melanocyte proliferation, interface change, dermal pigmentary incontinence, vascular proliferation, and dermal inflammation. Dermal expression intensities of stem cell factor (SCF) and c-kit were increased in the lesional skin of Riehl's melanosis. In addition, increased expression of epidermal and dermal ET-1 was also observed in the lesional skin of Riehl's melanosis. Increased tissue expressions of SCF, c-kit, and ET-1 in Riehl's melanosis support the role of these paracrine melanogenic molecules in the pathogenesis of Riehl's melanosis. The findings from this study might present useful information on the pathogenetic mechanism of Riehl's melanosis.
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Abstract
KIT is a receptor tyrosine kinase that after binding to its ligand stem cell factor activates signaling cascades linked to biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell survival. Based on studies performed on SCF and/or KIT mutant animals that presented anemia, sterility, and/or pigmentation disorders, KIT signaling was mainly considered to be involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis, gametogenesis, and melanogenesis. More recently, novel animal models and ameliorated cellular and molecular techniques have led to the discovery of a widen repertoire of tissue compartments and functions that are being modulated by KIT. This is the case for the lung, heart, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, kidney, liver, and bone. For this reason, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors that were originally developed for the treatment of hemato-oncological diseases are being currently investigated for the treatment of non-oncological disorders such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and alzheimer's disease, among others. The beneficial effects of some of these tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been proven to depend on KIT inhibition. This review will focus on KIT expression and regulation in healthy and pathologic conditions other than cancer. Moreover, advances in the development of anti-KIT therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and their application will be discussed.
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Sirithanabadeekul P, Srieakpanit R. Intradermal tranexamic acid injections to prevent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation after solar lentigo removal with a Q-switched 532-nm Nd:YAG laser. J COSMET LASER THER 2018; 20:398-404. [DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2018.1444770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Punyaphat Sirithanabadeekul
- Department of dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Rattima Srieakpanit
- Department of dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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9
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Pang Y, Geng J, Qin Y, Wang H, Fan R, Zhang Y, Li H, Jiang S, Dong C. Endothelin-1 increases melanin synthesis in an established sheep skin melanocyte culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:749-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Kim HJ, Yonezawa T, Teruya T, Woo JT, Cha BY. Nobiletin, a Polymethoxy Flavonoid, Reduced Endothelin-1 Plus SCF-Induced Pigmentation in Human Melanocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:379-86. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Kim
- Research Institute for Biological Functions; Chubu University; Kasugai Aichi Japan
| | - Takayuki Yonezawa
- Research Institute for Biological Functions; Chubu University; Kasugai Aichi Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teruya
- Faculty of Education; University of the Ryukyus; Nishihara Okinawa Japan
| | - Je-Tae Woo
- Research Institute for Biological Functions; Chubu University; Kasugai Aichi Japan
- Department of Research and Development; Erina Co., Inc.; Minato-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Byung-Yoon Cha
- Research Institute for Biological Functions; Chubu University; Kasugai Aichi Japan
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Lee E, Han J, Kim K, Choi H, Cho EG, Lee TR. CXCR7 mediates SDF1-induced melanocyte migration. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:58-66. [PMID: 22978759 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melanoblasts are derived from the neural crest and migrate to the dermal/epidermal border of skin and hair bulges. Although melanoblast migration during embryogenesis has been well investigated, there are only a few reports regarding the migration of mature melanocytes. Here, we demonstrate that a chemokine, stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF1, also known as CXCL12), and one of its receptor CXCR7 regulate normal human epidermal melanocyte (NHEM) migration. We found that SDF1 induces the directional migration of NHEMs. Interestingly, although both CXCR4 and CXCR7 are expressed in NHEMs, blockade of CXCR4 using a CXCR4-specific neutralizing antibody did not exert any influence on the SDF1-induced migration of NHEMs, whereas blockade of CXCR7 using a CXCR7-specific neutralizing antibody did influence migration. Furthermore, SDF1-induced NHEMs migration exhibited the early hallmark events of CXCR7 signaling associated with MAP kinase activation. It is known that the phosphorylation of ERK through CXCR7 signaling is mediated by β-arrestins. The treatment of NHEMs with SDF1 resulted in the phosphorylation of ERK in a β-arrestin 2-dependent manner. These results suggest that melanocytes may have a unique mechanism of migration via SDF1/CXCR7 signaling that is different from that of other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Lee
- Bioscience Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, South Korea
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12
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Lamel SA, Rahvar M, Maibach HI. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation secondary to external insult: an overview of the quantitative analysis of pigmentation. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2012; 32:67-71. [DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2012.684419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Shin YH, Seo YK, Yoon HH, Song KY, Park JK. Effect of keratinocytes on regulation of melanogenesis in culture of melanocytes. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Kurita M, Okazaki M, Fujino T, Takushima A, Harii K. Cyclic stretch induces upregulation of endothelin-1 with keratinocytes in vitro: Possible role in mechanical stress-induced hyperpigmentation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:103-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Ho S, Yeung C, Chan N, Shek S, Kono T, Chan H. A retrospective analysis of the management of acne post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation using topical treatment, laser treatment, or combination topical and laser treatments in oriental patients. Lasers Surg Med 2011; 43:1-7. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yuki T, Hachiya A, Kusaka A, Sriwiriyanont P, Visscher MO, Morita K, Muto M, Miyachi Y, Sugiyama Y, Inoue S. Characterization of tight junctions and their disruption by UVB in human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 131:744-52. [PMID: 21160495 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has not been confirmed whether tight junctions (TJs) function as a paracellular permeability barrier in adult human skin. To clarify this issue, we performed a TJ permeability assay using human skin obtained from abdominal plastic surgery. Occludin, a marker protein of TJs, was expressed in the granular layer, in which a subcutaneously injected paracellular tracer, Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin (556.59 Da), was halted. Incubation with ochratoxin A decreased the expression of claudin-4, an integral membrane protein of TJs, and the diffusion of paracellular tracer was no longer prevented at the TJs. These results demonstrate that human epidermis possesses TJs that function as an intercellular permeability barrier at least against small molecules (∼550 Da). UVB irradiation of human skin xenografts and human skin equivalents (HSEs) resulted in functional deterioration of TJs. Immunocytochemical staining of cultured keratinocytes showed that occludin was localized into dot-like shapes and formed a discontinuous network when exposed to UVB irradiation. Furthermore, UVB irradiation downregulated the active forms of Rac1 and atypical protein kinase C, suggesting that their inactivation caused functional deterioration of TJs. In conclusion, TJs function as a paracellular barrier against small molecules (∼550 Da) in human epidermis and are functionally deteriorated by UVB irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Yuki
- Innovative Beauty Science Laboratory, Kanebo Cosmetics Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
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Kostyuk VA, Potapovich AI, Cesareo E, Brescia S, Guerra L, Valacchi G, Pecorelli A, Deeva IB, Raskovic D, De Luca C, Pastore S, Korkina LG. Dysfunction of glutathione S-transferase leads to excess 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and H(2)O(2) and impaired cytokine pattern in cultured keratinocytes and blood of vitiligo patients. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:607-20. [PMID: 20070240 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress due to increased epidermal levels of H(2)O(2) with consequent inhibition of catalase activity is generally accepted as a leading cytotoxic mechanism of melanocyte loss in vitiligo. Keratinocyte-derived cytokines are considered key factors in the maintenance of melanocyte structure and functions. We hypothesized that abnormal redox control may lead to impaired cytokine production by keratinocytes, thus causing noncytotoxic defects in melanocyte proliferation and melanogenesis. We found significantly suppressed mRNA and protein expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 isoform, and higher-than-normal levels of both 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-protein adducts and H(2)O(2) in the cultures of keratinocytes derived from unaffected and affected skin of vitiligo patients, and in their co-cultures with allogeneic melanocytes. GST and catalase activities, as well as glutathione levels, were dramatically low in erythrocytes, whilst HNE-protein adducts were high in the plasma of vitiligo patients. The broad spectrum of major cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors was dysregulated in both blood plasma and cultured keratinocytes of vitiligo patients, when compared to normal subjects. Exogenous HNE added to normal keratinocytes induced a vitiligo-like cytokine pattern, and H(2)O(2) overproduction accompanied by adaptive upregulation of catalase and GSTM1 genes, and transient inhibition of Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. Based on these results, we suggest a novel GST-HNE-H(2)O(2)-based mechanism of dysregulation of cytokine-mediated keratinocyte-melanocyte interaction in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Kostyuk
- Tissue Engineering and Cutaneous Pathophysiology Laboratory, Dermatology Research Institute (IDI IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Miot LDB, Miot HA, Silva MGD, Marques MEA. [Physiopathology of melasma]. An Bras Dermatol 2010; 84:623-35. [PMID: 20191174 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962009000600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a common dermatosis that involves changes in normal skin pigmentation, resulting from the hyperactivity of epidermal melanocytes. The consequent hyperpigmentation is mostly induced by ultraviolet radiation. Clinically, melasma is characterized by light to dark brown macules that usually occur on the face, although they can also affect the cervical and anterior thoracic regions and upper members.Fertile age women and those with intermediate skin phototypes are most likely to develop melasma. Most of its physiopathogenics is not yet fully understood, but there is a relation with genetic and hormonal factors, drugs and cosmetics use, endocrinopathies and sun exposure. The authors discuss the main aspects associated with skin pigmentation and the development of melasma.
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Gain-of-function mutation of KIT ligand on melanin synthesis causes familial progressive hyperpigmentation. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 84:672-7. [PMID: 19375057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial progressive hyperpigmentation (FPH) is an autosomal-dominantly inherited disorder characterized by hyperpigmented patches in the skin, present in early infancy and increasing in size and number with age. The genetic basis for FPH remains unknown. In this study, a six-generation Chinese family with FPH was subjected to a genome-wide scan for linkage analysis. Two-point linkage analysis mapped the locus for FPH at chromosome 12q21.31-q23.1, with a maximum two-point LOD score of 4.35 (Ø = 0.00) at D12S81. Haplotype analysis confined the locus within an interval of 9.09 cM, flanked by the markers D12S1667 and D12S2081. Mutation profiling of positional candidate genes detected a heterozygous transversion (c. 107A-->G) in exon 2 of the KIT ligand (KITLG) gene, predicted to result in the substitution of a serine residue for an asparagine residue at codon 36 (p.N-->S). This mutant "G" allele cosegregated perfectly with affected, but not with unaffected, members of the FPH family. Function analysis of the soluble form of sKITLG revealed that mutant sKITLGN36S increased the content of the melanin by 109% compared with the wild-type sKITLG in human A375 melanoma cells. Consistent with this result, the tyrosinase activity was significantly increased by mutant sKITLGN36S compared to wild-type control. To our knowledge, these data provided the first genetic evidence that the FPH disease is caused by the KITLGN36S mutation, which has a gain-of-function effect on the melanin synthesis and opens a new avenue for exploration of the genetic mechanism of FPH.
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Hachiya A, Sriwiriyanont P, Fujimura T, Ohuchi A, Kitahara T, Takema Y, Kitzmiller WJ, Visscher MO, Tsuboi R, Boissy RE. Mechanistic effects of long-term ultraviolet B irradiation induce epidermal and dermal changes in human skin xenografts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:401-13. [PMID: 19147832 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.070500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UVB irradiation has been reported to induce photoaging and suppress systemic immune function that could lead to photocarcinogenesis. However, because of the paucity of an UVB-induced photodamaged skin model, precise and temporal mechanism(s) underlying the deleterious effects of long-term UVB exposure on human skin have yet to be delineated. In this study, we established a model using human skin xenografted onto severe combined immunodeficient mice, which were subsequently challenged by repeated UVB irradiation for 6 weeks. Three-dimensional optical image analysis of skin replicas and noninvasive biophysical measurements illustrated a significant increase in skin surface roughness, similar to premature photoaging, and a significant loss of skin elasticity after long-term UVB exposure. Resembling authentically aged skin, UVB-exposed samples exhibited significant increases in epithelial keratins (K6, K16, K17), elastins, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-12) as well as degradation of collagens (I, IV, VII). The UVB-induced deterioration of fibrous keratin intermediate filaments was also observed in the stratum corneum. Additionally, similarities in gene expression patterns between our model and chronologically aged skin substantiated the plausible relationship between photodamage and chronological age. Furthermore, severe skin photodamage was observed when neutralizing antibodies against TIMP-1, an endogenous inhibitor of MMPs, were administered during the UVB exposure regimen. Taken together, these findings suggest that our skin xenograft model recapitulates premature photoaged skin and provides a comprehensive tool with which to assess the deleterious effects of UVB irradiation.
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Lerman MA, Karimbux N, Guze KA, Woo SB. Pigmentation of the hard palate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 107:8-12. [PMID: 18801675 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lerman
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Hyperpigmentary problems, including postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, solar lentigos, and melasma, occur widely in the human population and are thus of broad interest for control. On the basis of genomic and proteomic understanding of the melanocyte and melanogenesis, there are potentially hundreds of proteins and other effectors involved in pigmentation. This knowledge, although complex, should prove most useful in identifying specific abnormalities that lead to the hyperpigmentary problems. Also available are new laboratory screening methods and skin color measurement tools that are increasing the pace at which materials can be screened and evaluated clinically for their effectiveness. Combined with a clear consumer need for effective pigmentation control agents, advanced pigmentary system understanding and new research capabilities are setting the stage for future technological advancements.
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Current concepts: dermatopathology of pigmentary alteration disorders in the Hispanic population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 24:211-21. [PMID: 19256311 DOI: 10.1016/j.yadr.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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