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Miyauchi J. The hematopoietic microenvironment of the fetal liver and transient abnormal myelopoiesis associated with Down syndrome: A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104382. [PMID: 38723838 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in neonates with Down syndrome is a distinct form of leukemia or preleukemia that mirrors the hematological features of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. However, it typically resolves spontaneously in the early stages. TAM originates from fetal liver (FL) hematopoietic precursor cells and emerges due to somatic mutations in GATA1 in utero. In TAM, progenitor cells proliferate and differentiate into mature megakaryocytes and granulocytes. This process occurs both in vitro, aided by hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) produced in the FL, and in vivo, particularly in specific anatomical sites like the FL and blood vessels. The FL's hematopoietic microenvironment plays a crucial role in TAM's pathogenesis and may contribute to its spontaneous regression. This review presents an overview of current knowledge regarding the unique features of TAM in relation to the FL hematopoietic microenvironment, focusing on the functions of HGFs and the pathological features of TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyauchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Saitama-ken, Japan.
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2
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Kanezaki R, Toki T, Terui K, Sato T, Kobayashi A, Kudo K, Kamio T, Sasaki S, Kawaguchi K, Watanabe K, Ito E. Mechanism of KIT gene regulation by GATA1 lacking the N-terminal domain in Down syndrome-related myeloid disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20587. [PMID: 36447001 PMCID: PMC9708825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). GATA1 mutations are detected in almost all TAM and ML-DS samples, with exclusive expression of short GATA1 protein (GATA1s) lacking the N-terminal domain (NTD). However, it remains to be clarified how GATA1s is involved with both disorders. Here, we established the K562 GATA1s (K562-G1s) clones expressing only GATA1s by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The K562-G1s clones expressed KIT at significantly higher levels compared to the wild type of K562 (K562-WT). Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies identified the GATA1-bound regulatory sites upstream of KIT in K562-WT, K562-G1s clones and two ML-DS cell lines; KPAM1 and CMK11-5. Sonication-based chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay demonstrated that in K562-WT, the - 87 kb enhancer region of KIT was proximal to the - 115 kb, - 109 kb and + 1 kb region, while in a K562-G1s clone, CMK11-5 and primary TAM cells, the - 87 kb region was more proximal to the KIT transcriptional start site. These results suggest that the NTD of GATA1 is essential for proper genomic conformation and regulation of KIT gene expression, and that perturbation of this function might be involved in the pathogenesis of TAM and ML-DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Kanezaki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Akie Kobayashi
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Ko Kudo
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Takuya Kamio
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Shinya Sasaki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Koji Kawaguchi
- grid.415798.60000 0004 0378 1551Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children’s Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Watanabe
- grid.415798.60000 0004 0378 1551Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children’s Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan ,grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Community Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Lanzillotta C, Zuliani I, Tramutola A, Barone E, Blarzino C, Folgiero V, Caforio M, Valentini D, Villani A, Locatelli F, Butterfield DA, Head E, Perluigi M, Abisambra JF, Di Domenico F. Chronic PERK induction promotes Alzheimer-like neuropathology in Down syndrome: Insights for therapeutic intervention. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 196:101892. [PMID: 32795489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in neurobiology is the identification of the mechanisms by which protein misfolding leads to cellular toxicity. Many neurodegenerative disorders, in which aberrant protein conformers aggregate into pathological inclusions, present the chronic activation of the PERK branch of the unfolded protein response. The adaptive effects of the PERK pathway include reduction of translation by transient inhibition of eIF2α and antioxidant protein production via induction of Nrf2 transcription factor. In contrast, PERK prolonged activation leads to sustained reduction in protein synthesis and induction of cell death pathways. To further investigate the role of the PERK pathway in neurodegenerative disorders, we focused on Down syndrome (DS), in which aging confers a high risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). By investigating human DS frontal cortices, we found early and sustained PERK activation associated with the induction of eIF2α and ATF4 downstream signals. We also observed that the Nrf2 response is uncoupled from PERK and its antioxidant effects are repressed in a mechanism implicating the transcription repressor Bach1. The pharmacological inhibition of PERK in DS mice reduced eIF2α-related translational repression and promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation, favoring the rescue of Nrf2/Bach1 imbalance. The further analysis of peripheral cells from living DS individuals provided strong support of the pathological link between PERK and trisomy 21. Our results suggest that failure to regulate the PERK pathway is a peculiar characteristic of DS pathology and it may represent an essential step to promote cellular dysfunction, which actively contributes in the brain to the early development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zuliani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Blarzino
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Folgiero
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Caforio
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Valentini
- Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Matsuo H, Shiga S, Imai T, Kamikubo Y, Toki T, Terui K, Ito E, Adachi S. Purification of leukemic blast cells from blood smears using laser microdissection. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:55-59. [PMID: 28409329 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), prognostic factors, including gene mutation and abnormal gene expression, enable risk stratification of patients. However, in the case of a small proportion of leukemic blast cells, such as AML associated with Down syndrome (AML-DS), it is not possible to examine prognostic factors precisely due to the large proportion of normal cells. Here, we present a novel method for examining prognostic factors by making a smear on a membrane slide glass from a small amount of diagnostic specimen and collecting highly pure leukemic blast cells by laser microdissection (LMD). We verified the effectiveness of this method using 10% KPAM1 cell line suspension and peripheral blood containing 20% blast cells obtained from a patient with transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). After making blood smears, approximately 100 cells were collected and analyzed by direct sequencing. Frameshift mutations (2 bp deletion and 17 bp duplication, respectively) in GATA-1 were detected in each sample, suggesting KPAM1 and TAM blast cells were accurately purified. This novel method enables us to precisely examine prognostic factors in many cases, even in cases with a small proportion of leukemic blast cells or small specimens to preserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Matsuo
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Syogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shiga
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kamikubo
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Syogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Syogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Mateos MK, Barbaric D, Byatt SA, Sutton R, Marshall GM. Down syndrome and leukemia: insights into leukemogenesis and translational targets. Transl Pediatr 2015; 4:76-92. [PMID: 26835364 PMCID: PMC4729084 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2015.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a significantly increased risk of childhood leukemia, in particular acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (DS-ALL). A pre-leukemia, called transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), characterised by a GATA binding protein 1 (GATA1) mutation, affects up to 30% of newborns with DS. In most cases, the pre-leukemia regresses spontaneously, however one-quarter of these children will go on to develop AMKL or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) . AMKL and MDS occurring in young children with DS and a GATA1 somatic mutation are collectively termed myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS). This model represents an important multi-step process of leukemogenesis, and further study is required to identify therapeutic targets to potentially prevent development of leukemia. DS-ALL is a high-risk leukemia and mutations in the JAK-STAT pathway are frequently observed. JAK inhibitors may improve outcome for this type of leukemia. Genetic and epigenetic studies have revealed likely candidate drivers involved in development of ML-DS and DS-ALL. Overall this review aims to identify potential impacts of new research on how we manage children with DS, pre-leukemia and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion K Mateos
- 1 Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia ; 2 School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia ; 3 Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Lowy Cancer Centre, Randwick, Australia
| | - Draga Barbaric
- 1 Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia ; 2 School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia ; 3 Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Lowy Cancer Centre, Randwick, Australia
| | - Sally-Anne Byatt
- 1 Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia ; 2 School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia ; 3 Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Lowy Cancer Centre, Randwick, Australia
| | - Rosemary Sutton
- 1 Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia ; 2 School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia ; 3 Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Lowy Cancer Centre, Randwick, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- 1 Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia ; 2 School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia ; 3 Children's Cancer Institute Australia, University of New South Wales, Lowy Cancer Centre, Randwick, Australia
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6
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Miyauchi J, Kawaguchi H. Fetal liver stromal cells support blast growth in transient abnormal myelopoiesis in Down syndrome through GM-CSF. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1176-86. [PMID: 24415393 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in neonates with Down syndrome, which spontaneously resolves within several weeks or months after birth, may represent a very special form of leukemia arising in the fetal liver (FL). To explore the role of the fetal hematopoietic microenvironment in the pathogenesis of TAM, we examined the in vitro influences of stromal cells of human FL and fetal bone marrow (FBM) on the growth of TAM blasts. Both FL and FBM stromal cells expressed mesenchymal cell antigens (vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, CD146, and nestin), being consistent with perivascular cells/mesenchymal stem cells that support hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, a small fraction of the FL stromal cells expressed an epithelial marker, cytokeratin 8, indicating that they could be cells in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the coculture system, stromal cells of the FL, but not FBM, potently supported the growth of TAM blast progenitors, mainly through humoral factors. High concentrations of hematopoietic growth factors were detected in culture supernatants of the FL stromal cells and a neutralizing antibody against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) almost completely inhibited the growth-supportive activity of the culture supernatants. These results indicate that FL stromal cells with unique characteristics of EMT cells provide a pivotal hematopoietic microenvironment for TAM blasts and that GM-CSF produced by FL stromal cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyauchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba-ken, Japan
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7
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Lu YX, Yuan L, Xue XL, Zhou M, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li JP, Zheng L, Hong M, Li XN. Regulation of colorectal carcinoma stemness, growth, and metastasis by an miR-200c-Sox2-negative feedback loop mechanism. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2631-42. [PMID: 24658157 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate a novel mechanism of miR-200c in the regulation of stemness, growth, and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to quantify miR-200c expression in CRC cell lines and tissues. A luciferase assay was adopted for the target evaluation. The functional effects of miR-200c in CRC cells were assessed by its forced or inhibited expression using lentiviruses. RESULTS MiR-200c was statistically lower in CRC clinical specimens and highly metastatic CRC cell lines compared with their counterparts. Sox2 was validated as a target for miR-200c. The knockdown of miR-200c significantly enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion in CRC cell lines, whereas the upregulation of miR-200c exhibited an inverse effect. Moreover, rescue of Sox2 expression could abolish the effect of the upregulation of miR-200c. In addition, the reduction of miR-200c increased the expression of CRC stem cell markers and the sphere-forming capacity of CRC cell lines. Further study has shown that miR-200c and Sox2 reciprocally control their expression through a feedback loop. MiR-200c suppresses the expression of Sox2 to block the activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that miR-200c regulates Sox2 expression through a feedback loop and is associated with CRC stemness, growth, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Lu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Xue
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ping Li
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hong
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Nong Li
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Maroz A, Stachorski L, Emmrich S, Reinhardt K, Xu J, Shao Z, Käbler S, Dertmann T, Hitzler J, Roberts I, Vyas P, Juban G, Hennig C, Hansen G, Li Z, Orkin S, Reinhardt D, Klusmann JH. GATA1s induces hyperproliferation of eosinophil precursors in Down syndrome transient leukemia. Leukemia 2013; 28:1259-70. [PMID: 24336126 PMCID: PMC4047213 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transient leukemia (TL) is evident in 5–10% of all neonates with Down syndrome (DS) and associated with N-terminal truncating GATA1-mutations (GATA1s). Here we report that TL cell clones generate abundant eosinophils in a substantial fraction of patients. Sorted eosinophils from patients with TL and eosinophilia carried the same GATA1s-mutation as sorted TL-blasts, consistent with their clonal origin. TL-blasts exhibited a genetic program characteristic of eosinophils and differentiated along the eosinophil lineage in vitro. Similarly, ectopic expression of Gata1s, but not Gata1, in wild-type CD34+-hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells induced hyperproliferation of eosinophil promyelocytes in vitro. While GATA1s retained the function of GATA1 to induce eosinophil genes by occupying their promoter regions, GATA1s was impaired in its ability to repress oncogenic MYC and the pro-proliferative E2F transcription network. ChIP-seq indicated reduced GATA1s occupancy at the MYC promoter. Knockdown of MYC, or the obligate E2F-cooperation partner DP1, rescued the GATA1s-induced hyperproliferative phenotype. In agreement, terminal eosinophil maturation was blocked in Gata1Δe2 knockin mice, exclusively expressing Gata1s, leading to accumulation of eosinophil precursors in blood and bone marrow. These data suggest a direct relationship between the N-terminal truncating mutations of GATA1 and clonal eosinophilia in DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maroz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - L Stachorski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Emmrich
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Xu
- 1] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Shao
- 1] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Käbler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Dertmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Hitzler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - I Roberts
- Oxford University Department of Paediatrics, Childrens Hospital and Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
| | - P Vyas
- 1] MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [2] Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospital, NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - G Juban
- 1] MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [2] Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospital, NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - C Hennig
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Z Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Orkin
- 1] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J-H Klusmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Naturally occurring oncogenic GATA1 mutants with internal deletions in transient abnormal myelopoiesis in Down syndrome. Blood 2013; 121:3181-4. [PMID: 23440243 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-405746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome have an increased incidence of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. The majority of these cases harbor somatic mutations in the GATA1 gene, which results in the loss of full-length GATA1. Only a truncated isoform of GATA1 that lacks the N-terminal 83 amino acids (GATA1-S) remains. We found through genetic studies of 106 patients with TAM that internally deleted GATA1 proteins (GATA1-IDs) lacking amino acid residues 77-119 or 74-88 (created by splicing mutations) contributed to the genesis of TAM in 6 patients. Analyses of GATA1-deficient embryonic megakaryocytic progenitors revealed that the GATA1 function in growth restriction was disrupted in GATA1-IDs. In contrast, GATA1-S promoted megakaryocyte proliferation more profoundly than that induced by GATA1 deficiency. These results indicate that the internally deleted regions play important roles in megakaryocyte proliferation and that perturbation of this mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of TAM.
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Identification of TRIB1 R107L gain-of-function mutation in human acute megakaryocytic leukemia. Blood 2012; 119:2608-11. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-324806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Trib1 has been identified as a myeloid oncogene in a murine leukemia model. Here we identified a TRIB1 somatic mutation in a human case of Down syndrome–related acute megakaryocytic leukemia. The mutation was observed at well-conserved arginine 107 residue in the pseudokinase domain. This R107L mutation remained in leukocytes of the remission stage in which GATA1 mutation disappeared, suggesting the TRIB1 mutation is an earlier genetic event in leukemogenesis. The bone marrow transfer experiment showed that acute myeloid leukemia development was accelerated by transducing murine bone marrow cells with the R107L mutant in which enhancement of ERK phosphorylation and C/EBPα degradation by Trib1 expression was even greater than in those expressing wild-type. These results suggest that TRIB1 may be a novel important oncogene for Down syndrome–related acute megakaryocytic leukemia.
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Tsujimura A, Kiyoi H, Shiotsu Y, Ishikawa Y, Mori Y, Ishida H, Toki T, Ito E, Naoe T. Selective KIT inhibitor KI-328 and HSP90 inhibitor show different potency against the type of KIT mutations recurrently identified in acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2010; 92:624-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-010-0692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Down syndrome and GATA1 mutations in transient abnormal myeloproliferative disorder: mutation classes correlate with progression to myeloid leukemia. Blood 2010; 116:4631-8. [PMID: 20729467 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-282426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty percent to 30% of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) observed in newborns with Down syndrome (DS) develop myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). Most cases of TAM carry somatic GATA1 mutations resulting in the exclusive expression of a truncated protein (GATA1s). However, there are no reports on the expression levels of GATA1s in TAM blasts, and the risk factors for the progression to ML-DS are unidentified. To test whether the spectrum of transcripts derived from the mutant GATA1 genes affects the expression levels, we classified the mutations according to the types of transcripts, and investigated the modalities of expression by in vitro transfection experiments using GATA1 expression constructs harboring mutations. We show here that the mutations affected the amount of mutant protein. Based on our estimates of GATA1s protein expression, the mutations were classified into GATA1s high and low groups. Phenotypic analyses of 66 TAM patients with GATA1 mutations revealed that GATA1s low mutations were significantly associated with a risk of progression to ML-DS (P < .001) and lower white blood cell counts (P = .004). Our study indicates that quantitative differences in mutant protein levels have significant effects on the phenotype of TAM and warrants further investigation in a prospective study.
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De Vita S, Canzonetta C, Mulligan C, Delom F, Groet J, Baldo C, Vanes L, Dagna-Bricarelli F, Hoischen A, Veltman J, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ, Nizetic D. Trisomic dose of several chromosome 21 genes perturbs haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation in Down's syndrome. Oncogene 2010; 29:6102-14. [PMID: 20697343 PMCID: PMC3007620 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Children with Down's syndrome (DS) have 20–50-fold higher incidence of all leukaemias (lymphoid and myeloid), for reasons not understood. As incidence of many solid tumours is much lower in DS, we speculated that disturbed early haematopoietic differentiation could be the cause of increased leukaemia risk. If a common mechanism is behind the risk of both major leukaemia types, it would have to arise before the bifurcation to myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Using the transchromosomic system (mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs)) bearing an extra human chromosome 21 (HSA21)) we analyzed the early stages of haematopoietic commitment (mesodermal colony formation) in vitro. We observed that trisomy 21 (T21) causes increased production of haemogenic endothelial cells, haematopoietic stem cell precursors and increased colony forming potential, with significantly increased immature progenitors. Transchromosomic colonies showed increased expression of Gata-2, c-Kit and Tie-2. A panel of partial T21 ESCs allowed us to assign these effects to HSA21 sub-regions, mapped by 3.5 kbp-resolution tiling arrays. The Gata-2 increase on one side, and c-Kit and Tie-2 increases on the other, could be attributed to two different, non-overlapping HSA21 regions. Using human-specific small interfering RNA silencing, we could demonstrate that an extra copy of RUNX1, but not ETS-2 or ERG, causes an increase in Tie-2/c-Kit levels. Finally, we detected significantly increased levels of RUNX1, C-KIT and PU.1 in human foetal livers with T21. We conclude that overdose of more than one HSA21 gene contributes to the disturbance of early haematopoiesis in DS, and that one of the contributors is RUNX1. As the observed T21-driven hyperproduction of multipotential immature precursors precedes the bifurcation to lymphoid and myeloid lineages, we speculate that this could create conditions of increased chance for acquisition of pre-leukaemogenic rearrangements/mutations in both lymphoid and myeloid lineages during foetal haematopoiesis, contributing to the increased risk of both leukaemia types in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Vita
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Paediatrics, London, UK
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Voisin V, Legault P, Ospina DPS, Ben-David Y, Rassart E. Gene profiling of the erythro- and megakaryoblastic leukaemias induced by the Graffi murine retrovirus. BMC Med Genomics 2010; 3:2. [PMID: 20102610 PMCID: PMC2843641 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute erythro- and megakaryoblastic leukaemias are associated with very poor prognoses and the mechanism of blastic transformation is insufficiently elucidated. The murine Graffi leukaemia retrovirus induces erythro- and megakaryoblastic leukaemias when inoculated into NFS mice and represents a good model to study these leukaemias. Methods To expand our understanding of genes specific to these leukaemias, we compared gene expression profiles, measured by microarray and RT-PCR, of all leukaemia types induced by this virus. Results The transcriptome level changes, present between the different leukaemias, led to the identification of specific cancerous signatures. We reported numerous genes that may be potential oncogenes, may have a function related to erythropoiesis or megakaryopoiesis or have a poorly elucidated physiological role. The expression pattern of these genes has been further tested by RT-PCR in different samples, in a Friend erythroleukaemic model and in human leukaemic cell lines. We also screened the megakaryoblastic leukaemias for viral integrations and identified genes targeted by these integrations and potentially implicated in the onset of the disease. Conclusions Taken as a whole, the data obtained from this global gene profiling experiment have provided a detailed characterization of Graffi virus induced erythro- and megakaryoblastic leukaemias with many genes reported specific to the transcriptome of these leukaemias for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Voisin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Miyauchi J, Ito Y, Tsukamoto K, Takahashi H, Ishikura K, Sugita K, Miyashita T. Blasts in transient leukaemia in neonates with Down syndrome differentiate into basophil/mast-cell and megakaryocyte lineages in vitro in association with down-regulation of truncated form of GATA1. Br J Haematol 2010; 148:898-909. [PMID: 20064153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.08038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of GATA1, leading to aberrant expression of a truncated form of GATA1 (called GATA1s), are present in transient leukaemia (TL) in neonates with Down syndrome. Using these molecular markers of TL, we investigated the growth and differentiation potential of TL blasts in the presence of hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs). Interleukin-3, stem cell factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor potently stimulated the growth of TL blast progenitors and induced differentiation towards basophil/mast cell lineages, whereas thrombopoietin induced differentiation towards megakaryocytes. GATA1s was expressed in TL blasts in all five patients examined but was down-regulated during differentiation induced by these HGFs, while full-length GATA1 was not expressed throughout the culture. GATA1 mutations were detected in TL blasts in four patients, including one patient with two distinct mutations. The cells of this patient exhibited identical and only mutated sequences both before and after culture with HGFs, confirming the leukemic cell origin of these differentiated cells. Erythroid differentiation of TL blasts was not evident with any HGFs. These data indicate that TL blasts have the potential to grow and differentiate towards particular hematopoietic lineages in the presence of specific HGFs and that the down-regulation of GATA1s might be involved in blast cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyauchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba-ken, Japan.
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Drexler HG, Dirks WG, MacLeod RA. Many are called MDS cell lines: One is chosen. Leuk Res 2009; 33:1011-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 03/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wiseman FK, Alford KA, Tybulewicz VLJ, Fisher EMC. Down syndrome--recent progress and future prospects. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:R75-83. [PMID: 19297404 PMCID: PMC2657943 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and is associated with a number of deleterious phenotypes, including learning disability, heart defects, early-onset Alzheimer's disease and childhood leukaemia. Individuals with DS are affected by these phenotypes to a variable extent; understanding the cause of this variation is a key challenge. Here, we review recent research progress in DS, both in patients and relevant animal models. In particular, we highlight exciting advances in therapy to improve cognitive function in people with DS and the significant developments in understanding the gene content of Hsa21. Moreover, we discuss future research directions in light of new technologies. In particular, the use of chromosome engineering to generate new trisomic mouse models and large-scale studies of genotype–phenotype relationships in patients are likely to significantly contribute to the future understanding of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances K Wiseman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
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