1
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Zhang Y, Zhang G, Wang Y, Ye L, Peng L, Shi R, Guo S, He J, Yang H, Dai Q. Current treatment strategies targeting histone deacetylase inhibitors in acute lymphocytic leukemia: a systematic review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1324859. [PMID: 38450195 PMCID: PMC10915758 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1324859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a hematological malignancy that primarily affects children. Long-term chemotherapy is effective, but always causes different toxic side effects. With the application of a chemotherapy-free treatment strategy, we intend to demonstrate the most recent results of using one type of epigenetic drug, histone deacetylase inhibitors, in ALL and to provide preclinical evidence for further clinical trials. In this review, we found that panobinostat (LBH589) showed positive outcomes as a monotherapy, whereas vorinostat (SAHA) was a better choice for combinatorial use. Preclinical research has identified chidamide as a potential agent for investigation in more clinical trials in the future. In conclusion, histone deacetylase inhibitors play a significant role in the chemotherapy-free landscape in cancer treatment, particularly in acute lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuefang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luyun Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siqi Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajing He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingkai Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Zhao S, Wang Z, Lin Z, Wei G, Wen X, Li S, Yang X, Zhang Q, Jing C, Dai Y, Guo J, He Y. Drug Repurposing by Siderophore Conjugation: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Siderophore‐Methotrexate Conjugates as Antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204139. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 P. R. China
| | - Zihua Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Guoxing Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Xumei Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Siyu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Medicine Laboratory Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014 P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Jing
- Medicine Laboratory Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014 P. R. China
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Jian Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
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3
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Zhao S, Wang ZP, Lin Z, Wei G, Wen X, Li S, Yang X, Zhang Q, Jing C, Dai Y, Guo J, He Y. Drug Repurposing by Siderophore Conjugation: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Siderophore‐Methotrexate Conjugates as Antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Zihua Lin
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Guoxing Wei
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Xumei Wen
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Siyu Li
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Qun Zhang
- Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital Medicine Laboratory CHINA
| | - Chunmei Jing
- Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital Department of Clinical Laboratory CHINA
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Jian Guo
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Daxuecheng South Road 401331 Chongqing CHINA
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4
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Mehrpouri M, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. The contributory roles of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in hematopoiesis regulation and possibilities for pharmacologic interventions in hematologic malignancies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108114. [PMID: 34492531 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the definitive role of epigenetic modulations in a wide range of hematologic malignancies, spanning from leukemia to lymphoma and multiple myeloma, has been evidenced, few articles reviewed the task. Given the high accessibility of histone deacetylase (HDACs) to necessary transcription factors involved in hematopoiesis, this review aims to outline physiologic impacts of these enzymes in normal hematopoiesis, and also to outline the original data obtained from international research laboratories on their regulatory role in the differentiation and maturation of different hematopoietic lineages. Questions on how aberrant expression of HDACs contributes to the formation of hematologic malignancies are also responded, because these classes of enzymes have a respectable share in the development, progression, and recurrence of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic perspectiveof HDACs inhibitors, either as single agents or in a combined-modal strategy, in these neoplasms. In conclusion, optimizing the dose and the design of more patient-tailored inhibitors, while maintaining low toxicity against normal cells, will help improve clinical outcomes of HDAC inhibitors in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Mehrpouri
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Zhao L, Wang X, Zhao Z, Mei S. Methotrexate Polyglutamates Analysis by Chromatography Methods in Biological Matrices: A Review. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1655-1664. [PMID: 34024867 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21r001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is used as an immunosuppressant and antineoplastic drug in clinical practice. MTX is a parent drug and converts to MTX polyglutamates (MTXPGs) to exhibit its biological activity. Clinical studies found that MTXPG levels were associated with MTX response and toxicities, especially at low doses. Due to huge variance of MTX response and toxicities between individuals, therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary for its use in individualized therapy. Various chromatography methods coupled with ultraviolet-visible detector, fluorescence detector and mass spectrometry have been reported for MTXPG analysis in various biological matrices. The aim of this paper is to review the chromatographic based methods for the measurement of total and/or individual MTXPGs. We searched Embase, Science Direct and PubMed databases using "methotrexate polyglutamate" and "chromatography" as search terms, and found 745 articles. Of those, 14 articles were extracted for this study. The key steps for method development (sample pretreatment, parameter optimization of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, selection of internal standard) and validation (lower limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability) were analyzed and summarized, which might be helpful for researchers to develop their own methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
| | - Liyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University.,Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University.,Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
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6
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The advances of methotrexate resistance in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1183-1193. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Fujimoto K, Shinojima N, Hayashi M, Nakano T, Ichimura K, Mukasa A. Histone deacetylase inhibition enhances the therapeutic effects of methotrexate on primary central nervous system lymphoma. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa084. [PMID: 32793886 PMCID: PMC7415262 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polyglutamylation is a reversible protein modification that commonly occurs in tumor cells. Methotrexate (MTX) in tumor cells is polyglutamylated and strongly binds to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) without competitive inhibition by leucovorin. Therefore, tumor cells with high polyglutamylation levels are supposed to be selectively killed, whereas normal cells with lower polyglutamylation are rescued by leucovorin. This study investigated the combined effects of MTX plus histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), which upregulate MTX polyglutamylation, in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Methods We evaluated cell viability after MTX treatment and leucovorin rescue and compared the expression of folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), and DHFR in 2 human PCNSL-derived cell lines (HKBML and TK) and a human Burkitt lymphoma cell line (TL-1). Combination treatments were created using 4 HDACIs: panobinostat, vorinostat, sodium butyrate, and valproic acid. The expression of DHFR was examined as well as ratios of FPGS/GGH expression. The combined effects of MTX plus HDACIs were evaluated using a cell viability assay, mass spectroscopy imaging, and subcutaneous and intracranial xenograft models. Results HDACIs upregulated the ratio of FPGS/GGH expression resulting in increased polyglutamylation of MTX, but also downregulated expression of the target molecule of MTX: DHFR. The combination of MTX and vorinostat decreased cell viability in vitro (P < .05) and tumor volumes in a subcutaneous model (P < .0001), and prolonged survival in an intracranial model (P < .01), relative to controls. Conclusion HDACIs enhanced the therapeutic effect of MTX through increased polyglutamylation of MTX and concomitant downregulation of DHFR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Fujimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Shinojima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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Liu SG, Yue ZX, Li ZG, Zhang RD, Zheng HY, Zhao XX, Gao C. β-catenin promotes MTX resistance of leukemia cells by down-regulating FPGS expression via NF-κB. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:271. [PMID: 32587478 PMCID: PMC7313175 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant activation of β-catenin has been shown to play important roles in the chemoresistance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but the involvement and mechanism of β-catenin in methotrexate (MTX) resistance is poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrate a critical role of β-catenin-NF-κB-FPGS pathway in MTX resistance in the human T-lineage ALL cell lines. Methods Lentivirus sh-β-catenin was used to silence the expression of β-catenin. Flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptosis after MTX treatment. Western blot, real-time PCR, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Re-ChIP, and Luciferase assay were utilized to investigate the relationship among β-catenin, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and folypoly-γ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS). Results Depletion of β-catenin significantly increased the cytotoxicity of MTX. At the molecular level, knockdown of β-catenin caused the increase of the protein level of FPGS and NF-κB p65. Furthermore, β-catenin complexed with NF-κB p65 and directly bound to the FPGS promoter to regulate its expression. In addition, β-catenin repression prolonged the protein turnover of FPGS. Conclusions Taken together, our results demonstrate that β-catenin may contribute to MTX resistance in leukemia cells via the β-catenin-NF-κB-FPGS pathway, posing β-catenin as a potential target for combination treatments during ALL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Guang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Zhi-Xia Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Rui-Dong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Hu-Yong Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Chao Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045 China
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Wang SM, Kong XY, Li M, Sun LL, Yan D. Association of GGH Promoter Methylation Levels with Methotrexate Concentrations in Chinese Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 40:614-622. [PMID: 32476160 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) is involved in the disposition of methotrexate (MTX), and GGH activity is regulated by DNA methylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. The present study explores the methylation status of the GGH promoter in peripheral blood and its association with MTX levels and toxicities in Chinese children with ALL. METHODS Serum MTX concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Methylation quantification and genotyping for GGH rs3758149 and rs11545078 was performed by Sequenom MassARRAY in 50 pediatric patients with ALL. RESULTS Overall, the investigated region of the GGH promoter was in hypomethylated status. The methylation levels of cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG)_7, CpG_12, CpG_17, and CpG_20 were significantly higher in patients with B-cell ALL than other immunotypes (p<0.05). The methylation levels of CpG_13.14, CpG_17, and CpG_19 showed a significant negative correlation with MTX C24 hr (p<0.05). The methylation level of CpG_8.9 correlated significantly with MTX C42 hrs (p<0.05). The methylation level of CpG_19 was significantly lower in patients with MTX toxicities (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The methylation levels of the GGH promoter might affect MTX exposure and toxicities. These findings provided reasonable explanations for the variability of MTX responses in patients with childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China.,International Cooperation & Joint Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Armed Police Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China.,International Cooperation & Joint Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China
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10
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Iveland TS, Hagen L, Sharma A, Sousa MML, Sarno A, Wollen KL, Liabakk NB, Slupphaug G. HDACi mediate UNG2 depletion, dysregulated genomic uracil and altered expression of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors in B- and T-cell lines. J Transl Med 2020; 18:159. [PMID: 32264925 PMCID: PMC7137348 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) belong to a new group of chemotherapeutics that are increasingly used in the treatment of lymphocyte-derived malignancies, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here we aimed to identify novel protein targets of HDACi in B- and T-lymphoma cell lines and to verify selected candidates across several mammalian cell lines. METHODS Jurkat T- and SUDHL5 B-lymphocytes were treated with the HDACi SAHA (vorinostat) prior to SILAC-based quantitative proteome analysis. Selected differentially expressed proteins were verified by targeted mass spectrometry, RT-PCR and western analysis in multiple mammalian cell lines. Genomic uracil was quantified by LC-MS/MS, cell cycle distribution analyzed by flow cytometry and class switch recombination monitored by FACS in murine CH12F3 cells. RESULTS SAHA treatment resulted in differential expression of 125 and 89 proteins in Jurkat and SUDHL5, respectively, of which 19 were commonly affected. Among these were several oncoproteins and tumor suppressors previously not reported to be affected by HDACi. Several key enzymes determining the cellular dUTP/dTTP ratio were downregulated and in both cell lines we found robust depletion of UNG2, the major glycosylase in genomic uracil sanitation. UNG2 depletion was accompanied by hyperacetylation and mediated by increased proteasomal degradation independent of cell cycle stage. UNG2 degradation appeared to be ubiquitous and was observed across several mammalian cell lines of different origin and with several HDACis. Loss of UNG2 was accompanied by 30-40% increase in genomic uracil in freely cycling HEK cells and reduced immunoglobulin class-switch recombination in murine CH12F3 cells. CONCLUSION We describe several oncoproteins and tumor suppressors previously not reported to be affected by HDACi in previous transcriptome analyses, underscoring the importance of proteome analysis to identify cellular effectors of HDACi treatment. The apparently ubiquitous depletion of UNG2 and PCLAF establishes DNA base excision repair and translesion synthesis as novel pathways affected by HDACi treatment. Dysregulated genomic uracil homeostasis may aid interpretation of HDACi effects in cancer cells and further advance studies on this class of inhibitors in the treatment of APOBEC-expressing tumors, autoimmune disease and HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias S Iveland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Cancer Clinic, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Mirta M L Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Lied Wollen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nina Beate Liabakk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. .,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway.
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11
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Kim SE. Enzymes involved in folate metabolism and its implication for cancer treatment. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:95-101. [PMID: 32256983 PMCID: PMC7075736 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Folate plays a critical role in DNA synthesis and methylation. Intracellular folate homeostasis is maintained by the enzymes folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS) and γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH). FPGS adds glutamate residues to folate upon its entry into the cell through a process known as polyglutamylation to enhance folate retention in the cell and to maintain a steady supply of utilizable folate derivatives for folate-dependent enzyme reactions. Thereafter, GGH catalyzes the hydrolysis of polyglutamylated folate into monoglutamylated folate, which can subsequently be exported from the cell. The objective of this review is to summarize the scientific evidence available on the effects of intracellular folate homeostasis-associated enzymes on cancer chemotherapy. METHODS This review discusses the effects of FPGS and GGH on chemosensitivity to cancer chemotherapeutic agents such as antifolates, such as methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Polyglutamylated (anti)folates are better substrates for intracellular folate-dependent enzymes and retained for longer within cells. In addition to polyglutamylation of (anti)folates, FPGS and GGH modulate intracellular folate concentrations, which are an important determinant of chemosensitivity of cancer cells toward chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, FPGS and GGH affect chemosensitivity to antifolates and 5-fluorouracil by altering intracellular retention status of antifolates and folate cofactors such as 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, subsequently influencing the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil, respectively. Generally, high FPGS and/or low GGH activity is associated with increased chemosensitivity of cancer cells to methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, while low FPGS and/or high GGH activity seems to correspond to resistance to these drugs. Further preclinical and clinical studies elucidating the pharmocogenetic ramifications of these enzyme-induced changes are warranted to provide a framework for developing rational, effective, safe, and customized chemotherapeutic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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Mendoza-Santiago A, Becerra E, Garay E, Bah M, Berumen-Segura L, Escobar-Cabrera J, Hernández-Pérez A, García-Alcocer G. Glutamic Acid Increased Methotrexate Polyglutamation and Cytotoxicity in a CCRF-SB Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55120758. [PMID: 31779260 PMCID: PMC6956105 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55120758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer in childhood. The majority of patients respond to treatment, but those with resistant phenotypes suffer relapse or death. The antifolate methotrexate (MTX) is the most commonly used drug against ALL due to its efficacy. Once inside leukemic cells, MTX is metabolized into methotrexate polyglutamates (MTX-PG) by action of the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), leading to a longer action compared to that of MTX alone. Materials and Methods: In this work, we demonstrated that the combination treatment of methotrexate and 5 and 10 mM glutamic acid could enhance methotrexate cytotoxicity in CCRF-SB (B-ALL) cells. In addition, MTX plus 20 mM glutamic acid was able to improve the synthesis of MTX-PG5. Results: All treatments induced an increase in FPGS expression compared to that of the control group. Furthermore, we detected different cellular expression patterns of FPGS in the different treatments. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we demonstrated that levels of methotrexate polyglutamates (MTX-PGs) could be a key determinant of methotrexate-induced cytotoxicity in CCRF-SB acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Mendoza-Santiago
- Unidad de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico; (A.M.-S.); (E.B.); (L.B.-S.); (J.E.-C.)
| | - Edgardo Becerra
- Unidad de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico; (A.M.-S.); (E.B.); (L.B.-S.); (J.E.-C.)
| | - Edith Garay
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico; (E.G.); (A.H.-P.)
| | - Moustapha Bah
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Laura Berumen-Segura
- Unidad de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico; (A.M.-S.); (E.B.); (L.B.-S.); (J.E.-C.)
| | - Jesica Escobar-Cabrera
- Unidad de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico; (A.M.-S.); (E.B.); (L.B.-S.); (J.E.-C.)
| | - Abigail Hernández-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico; (E.G.); (A.H.-P.)
| | - Guadalupe García-Alcocer
- Unidad de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico; (A.M.-S.); (E.B.); (L.B.-S.); (J.E.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +524-421921200-5571; Fax: +524-421921302
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13
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Gervasini G, Mota-Zamorano S. Clinical Implications of Methotrexate Pharmacogenetics in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:313-330. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190130161758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background:In the past two decades, a great body of research has been published regarding the effects of genetic polymorphisms on methotrexate (MTX)-induced toxicity and efficacy. Of particular interest is the role of this compound in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), where it is a pivotal drug in the different treatment protocols, both at low and high doses. MTX acts on a variety of target enzymes in the folates cycle, as well as being transported out and into of the cell by several transmembrane proteins.Methods:We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature using a focused review question.Results:This review has intended to summarize the current knowledge concerning the clinical impact of polymorphisms in enzymes and transporters involved in MTX disposition and mechanism of action on paediatric patients with ALL.Conclusion:In this work, we describe why, in spite of the significant research efforts, pharmacogenetics findings in this setting have not yet found their way into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gervasini
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Av. Elvas s/n 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sonia Mota-Zamorano
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Av. Elvas s/n 06006, Badajoz, Spain
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Clinicopathological features and prediction values of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC11 in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 29:364-370. [PMID: 29481474 PMCID: PMC5882292 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in multiple physical and pathological processes in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). The prognostic value of HDACs in cHL patients has not been discussed. The aim of the current study is to investigate the HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC11 expressions, and to evaluate the correlation of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC11 expressions with the survival rate in cHL patients. We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological data of 28 patients who were diagnosed with cHL between August 2002 and March 2010. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC11 in these patients. The results showed that HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC11 were expressed at a higher level in Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells, whereas HDAC2 was expressed at a lower level in Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells. The expression of HDAC2 had a relationship with pathological type (P=0.012). There was also a correlation between the expression of HDAC11 and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P=0.054). Other clinicopathological parameters had no significant correlation with the expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC11 in terms of survival (P>0.05). The 10-year total survival rate by Cox multivariate analysis, after taking into account all clinical and pathologic factors, showed that bulky disease retained significance (P=0.028). Higher expression of HDAC1 predicted shorter progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) in cHL patients (P<0.05, in both cases), and higher expression of HDAC11 might be correlated with lower OS (P=0.05). The study showed that the expressions of HDAC2 and HDAC11 have a particular relationship with the pathologic subtype. Increased expression of HDAC1 was correlated negatively with progression-free survival and OS, and increased expression of HDAC11 had a borderline relationship with the OS rate in patients with cHL.
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15
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Yu W, Min D, Lin F, Zheng S, Tang L, He A, Hu H, Shen Z. SKA1 induces de novo MTX-resistance in osteosarcoma through inhibiting FPGS transcription. FEBS J 2019; 286:2399-2414. [PMID: 30851225 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
De novo methotrexate (MTX)-resistance, whose underlying mechanism remains largely unknown, usually leads to very poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, we established the de novo MTX-resistant OS cell line SF-86 and identified the candidate gene spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 1 (SKA1) as potentially related to de novo MTX-resistance. Analysis of a cohort of 95 OS patients demonstrated that SKA1 overexpression significantly correlated with de novo MTX-resistance and poor 5-year survival. Mechanistically, SKA1 overexpression lead to a downregulation of folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS), a key enzyme that converts MTX into its active form, MTX-PG. We further demonstrated that SKA1 interacts with DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3. ChIP analysis revealed that RPB3 binds the promoter region of the FPGS gene and triggers FPGS transcription upon MTX treatment in SW1353, a MTX-sensitive OS cell line lacking endogenous SKA1 expression. On the contrary, this process is blocked in SF-86 cells due to the formation of an inhibitory SKA1-RPB3 complex. Furthermore, downregulation of SKA1 levels restores MTX sensitivity in SF-86. Collectively, our study has established the de novo MTX-resistant cell line SF-86 and identified SKA1 as a novel regulator of FPGS, playing a key role in the development of de novo MTX-resistance in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Yu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Daliu Min
- East Campus, Department of Oncology, Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Shuier Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Lina Tang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Aina He
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
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16
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Shinojima N, Fujimoto K, Makino K, Todaka K, Yamada K, Mikami Y, Oda K, Nakamura K, Jono H, Kuratsu JI, Nakamura H, Yano S, Mukasa A. Clinical significance of polyglutamylation in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:15. [PMID: 29475458 PMCID: PMC6389236 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic response to high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) therapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) varies. Polyglutamylation is a reversible protein modification with a high occurrence rate in tumor cells. MTX incorporated into cells is polyglutamylated and strongly binds to dihydrofolate reductase without competitive inhibition by leucovorin (LV). Tumor cells with high polyglutamylation levels are selectively killed, whereas normal cells with lower polyglutamylation are rescued by LV. We hypothesized that the extent of polyglutamylation in tumor cells determines treatment resistance. Here, we investigated the therapeutic response of PCNSL to HD-MTX therapy with LV rescue based on polyglutamylation status. Among 113 consecutive PCNSL patients who underwent HD-MTX therapy in our department between 2001 and 2014, polyglutamylation was evaluated by immunostaining in 82 cases, with relationships between polyglutamylation and therapeutic response retrospectively examined. Human malignant lymphoma lines were used for in vitro experiments, and folpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), which induces polyglutamylation, was knocked down with short-hairpin RNA, and a stable cell line with a low rate of polyglutamylation was established. Cell viability after MTX treatment with LV rescue was evaluated using sodium butyrate (NaBu), a histone-deacetylase inhibitor that induces polyglutamylation by elevating FPGS expression. The complete response rate was significantly higher in the group with polyglutamylation than in the non-polyglutamylation group [58.1% (25/43) and 33.3% (13/39), respectively] (p < 0.05), and progression-free survival was also significantly increased in the group with polyglutamylation (p < 0.01). In vitro, the relief effect of LV after MTX administration was significantly enhanced after FPGS knockdown in al cell lines, whereas enhancement of FPGS expression by NaBu treatment significantly reduced this relief effect. These findings suggested that polyglutamylation could be a predictor of therapeutic response to HD-MTX therapy with LV rescue in PCNSL. Combination therapy with HD-MTX and polyglutamylation-inducing agents might represent a promising strategy for PCNSL treatment.
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17
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Huang Z, Tong HF, Li Y, Qian JC, Wang JX, Wang Z, Ruan JC. Effect of the Polymorphism of Folylpolyglutamate Synthetase on Treatment of High-Dose Methotrexate in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4967-4973. [PMID: 27987364 PMCID: PMC5189722 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the polymorphism of folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) with the dynamic plasma concentration of methotrexate (MTX) in pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), as well as the prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS 57 ALL patients and 31 age and sex-matched children (control) were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed for the analysis of the genotype of FPGS rs1544105 and high-performance liquid chromatography for measurement of MTX plasma concentration after 24-h and 44-h treatment. Overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS No differences were observed between patients and controls regarding the distribution frequency of genotype and alleles of rs1544105. Patients carrying AA genotype had a significantly higher plasma concentration of MTX after 24 h than those carrying GG or GA (P<0.05) and no differences were found after 44 h. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a longer median survival time in patients with AA than other genotypes with significant difference in overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphism of FPGS rs1544105 might be used as an effective approach for prediction of the treatment outcome of MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Hematology, Yuying Children's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Fei Tong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Yuying Children's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jiang-Chao Qian
- Department of Hematology, Yuying Children's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ju-Xiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Yuying Children's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ji-Chen Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Yuying Children's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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18
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Raz S, Stark M, Assaraf YG. Folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase: A key determinant of folate homeostasis and antifolate resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 28:43-64. [PMID: 27620954 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mammalians are devoid of autonomous biosynthesis of folates and hence must obtain them from the diet. Reduced folate cofactors are B9-vitamins which play a key role as donors of one-carbon units in the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides, thymidylate and amino acids as well as in a multitude of methylation reactions including DNA, RNA, histone and non-histone proteins, phospholipids, as well as intermediate metabolites. The products of these S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methylations are involved in the regulation of key biological processes including transcription, translation and intracellular signaling. Folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism occurs in several subcellular compartments including the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nucleus. Since folates are essential for DNA replication, intracellular folate cofactors play a central role in cancer biology and inflammatory autoimmune disorders. In this respect, various folate-dependent enzymes catalyzing nucleotide biosynthesis have been targeted by specific folate antagonists known as antifolates. Currently, antifolates are used in drug treatment of multiple human cancers, non-malignant chronic inflammatory disorders as well as bacterial and parasitic infections. An obligatory key component of intracellular folate retention and intracellular homeostasis is (anti)folate polyglutamylation, mediated by the unique enzyme folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS), which resides in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Consistently, knockout of the FPGS gene in mice results in embryonic lethality. FPGS catalyzes the addition of a long polyglutamate chain to folates and antifolates, hence rendering them polyanions which are efficiently retained in the cell and are now bound with enhanced affinity by various folate-dependent enzymes. The current review highlights the crucial role that FPGS plays in maintenance of folate homeostasis under physiological conditions and delineates the plethora of the molecular mechanisms underlying loss of FPGS function and consequent antifolate resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Raz
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Stark
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Rücker FG, Lang KM, Fütterer M, Komarica V, Schmid M, Döhner H, Schlenk RF, Döhner K, Knudsen S, Bullinger L. Molecular dissection of valproic acid effects in acute myeloid leukemia identifies predictive networks. Epigenetics 2016; 11:517-25. [PMID: 27309669 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1187350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) like valproic acid (VPA) display activity in leukemia models and induce tumor-selective cytotoxicity against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts. As there are limited data on HDACIs effects, we aimed to dissect VPA effects in vitro using myeloid cell lines with the idea to integrate findings with in vivo data from AML patients treated with VPA additionally to intensive chemotherapy (n = 12). By gene expression profiling we identified an in vitro VPA response signature enriched for genes/pathways known to be implicated in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Following VPA treatment in vivo, gene expression changes in AML patients showed concordant results with the in vitro VPA response despite concomitant intensive chemotherapy. Comparative miRNA profiling revealed VPA-associated miRNA expression changes likely contributing to a VPA-induced reversion of deregulated gene expression. In addition, we were able to define markers predicting VPA response in vivo such as CXCR4 and LBH. These could be validated in an independent cohort of VPA and intensive chemotherapy treated AML patients (n = 114) in which they were inversely correlated with relapse-free survival. In summary, our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of VPA in myeloid blasts, which might be useful in further advancing HDAC inhibition based treatment approaches in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank G Rücker
- a Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Katharina M Lang
- a Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Markus Fütterer
- a Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Vladimir Komarica
- a Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Mathias Schmid
- b Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology , Triemli Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- a Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Richard F Schlenk
- a Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- a Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Steen Knudsen
- c Medical Prognosis Institute (MPI) , Hørsholm , Denmark
| | - Lars Bullinger
- a Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
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20
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Zhang C, Zhong JF, Stucky A, Chen XL, Press MF, Zhang X. Histone acetylation: novel target for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:117. [PMID: 26543507 PMCID: PMC4634719 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been generally considered a genetic disease (disorder) with an aggressive tumor entity of highly proliferative malignant lymphoid cells. However, in recent years, significant advances have been made in the elucidation of the ALL-associated processes. Thus, we understand that histone acetylation is involved in the permanent changes of gene expression controlling ALL developmental outcomes. In this article, we will focus on histone acetylation associated with ALL, their implications as biomarkers for prognostic, and their preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences & Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ; Department of Pediatric, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Andres Stucky
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences & Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ; Department of Pediatric, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Xue-Lian Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences & Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ; Department of Pediatric, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 People's Republic of China
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21
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Raz S, Stark M, Assaraf YG. Binding of a Smad4/Ets-1 complex to a novel intragenic regulatory element in exon12 of FPGS underlies decreased gene expression and antifolate resistance in leukemia. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9183-98. [PMID: 25229333 PMCID: PMC4253427 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamylation of antifolates catalyzed by folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS) is essential for their intracellular retention and cytotoxic activity. Hence, loss of FPGS expression and/or function results in lack of antifolate polyglutamylation and drug resistance. Members of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway are negative regulators of hematopoiesis and deregulation of this pathway is considered a major contributor to leukemogenesis. Here we show that FPGS gene expression is inversely correlated with the binding of a Smad4/Ets-1 complex to exon12 of FPGS in both acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and acute myeloid leukemia blast specimens. We demonstrate that antifolate resistant leukemia cells harbor a heterozygous point mutation in exon12 of FPGS which disrupts FPGS activity by abolishing ATP binding, and alters the binding pattern of transcription factors to the genomic region of exon12. This in turn results in the near complete silencing of the wild type allele leading to a 97% loss of FPGS activity. We show that exon12 is a novel intragenic transcriptional regulator, endowed with the ability to drive transcription in vitro, and is occupied by transcription factors and chromatin remodeling agents (e.g. Smad4/Ets-1, HP-1 and Brg1) in vivo. These findings bear important implications for the rational overcoming of antifolate resistance in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Raz
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Stark
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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22
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Wojtuszkiewicz A, Peters GJ, van Woerden NL, Dubbelman B, Escherich G, Schmiegelow K, Sonneveld E, Pieters R, van de Ven PM, Jansen G, Assaraf YG, Kaspers GJL, Cloos J. Methotrexate resistance in relation to treatment outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:61. [PMID: 26022503 PMCID: PMC4455979 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methotrexate (MTX) eradicates leukemic cells by disrupting de novo nucleotide biosynthesis and DNA replication, resulting in cell death. Since its introduction in 1947, MTX-containing chemotherapeutic regimens have proven instrumental in achieving curative effects in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, drug resistance phenomena pose major obstacles to efficacious ALL chemotherapy. Moreover, clinically relevant molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance remain largely obscure. Several alterations in MTX metabolism, leading to impaired accumulation of this cytotoxic agent in tumor cells, have been classified as determinants of MTX resistance. However, the relation between MTX resistance and long-term clinical outcome of ALL has not been shown previously. Methods We have collected clinical data for 235 childhood ALL patients, for whom samples taken at the time of diagnosis were also broadly characterized with respect to MTX resistance. This included measurement of concentrations of MTX polyglutamates in leukemic cells, mRNA expression of enzymes involved in MTX metabolism (FPGS, FPGH, RFC, DHFR, and TS), MTX sensitivity as determined by the TS inhibition assay, and FPGS activity. Results Herein we demonstrate that higher accumulation of long-chain polyglutamates of MTX is strongly associated with better overall (10-year OS: 90.6 vs 64.1 %, P = 0.008) and event-free survival (10-year EFS: 81.2 vs 57.6 %, P = 0.029) of ALL patients. In addition, we assessed both the association of several MTX resistance-related parameters determined in vitro with treatment outcome as well as clinical characteristics of pediatric ALL patients treated with MTX-containing combination chemotherapy. High MTX sensitivity was associated with DNA hyperdiploid ALL (P < 0.001), which was linked with increased MTX accumulation (P = 0.03) and elevated reduced folate carrier (RFC) expression (P = 0.049) in this subset of ALL patients. TEL-AML1 fusion was associated with increased MTX resistance (P = 0.023). Moreover, a low accumulation of MTX polyglutamates was observed in MLL-rearranged and TEL-AML1 rearranged ALL (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings emphasize the central role of MTX in ALL treatment thereby expanding our understanding of the molecular basis of clinical differences in treatment response between ALL individuals. In particular, the identification of patients that are potentially resistant to MTX at diagnosis may allow for tailoring novel treatment strategies to individual leukemia patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0158-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojtuszkiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Room CCA 4.28, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole L van Woerden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Room CCA 4.28, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boas Dubbelman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Room CCA 4.28, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Escherich
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edwin Sonneveld
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Pieters
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG), The Hague, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van de Ven
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Room CCA 4.28, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Room CCA 4.28, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Together, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) make up approximately one-third of all pediatric cancer diagnoses. Despite remarkable improvement in the treatment outcomes of these diseases over the past several decades, the prognosis for certain high-risk groups of leukemia and for relapsed disease remains poor. However, recent insights into different types of 'driver' lesions of leukemogenesis, such as the aberrant activation of signaling pathways and various epigenetic modifications, have led to the discovery of novel agents that specifically target the mechanism of transformation. In parallel, emerging approaches in cancer immunotherapy have led to newer therapies that can exploit and harness cytotoxic immunity directed against malignant cells. This review details the rationale and implementation of recent and specifically targeted therapies in acute pediatric leukemia. Topics covered include the inhibition of critical cell signaling pathways [BCR-ABL, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Janus-associated kinase (JAK)], proteasome inhibition, inhibition of epigenetic regulators of gene expression [DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and disruptor of telomeric signaling-1 (DOT1L) inhibitors], monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugated toxins, bispecific T-cell engaging (BiTE) antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Annesley
- Oncology and Pediatrics, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Brown
- Oncology and Pediatrics, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB-I 2M46, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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24
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Stubbs MC, Kim W, Bariteau M, Davis T, Vempati S, Minehart J, Witkin M, Qi J, Krivtsov AV, Bradner JE, Kung AL, Armstrong SA. Selective Inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC2 as a Potential Therapeutic Option for B-ALL. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:2348-58. [PMID: 25688158 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have recently emerged as efficacious therapies that target epigenetic mechanisms in hematologic malignancies. One such hematologic malignancy, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), may be highly dependent on epigenetic regulation for leukemia development and maintenance, and thus sensitive to small-molecule inhibitors that target epigenetic mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A panel of B-ALL cell lines was tested for sensitivity to HDACi with varying isoform sensitivity. Isoform-specific shRNAs were used as further validation of HDACs as relevant therapeutic targets in B-ALL. Mouse xenografts of B-cell malignancy-derived cell lines and a pediatric B-ALL were used to demonstrate pharmacologic efficacy. RESULTS Nonselective HDAC inhibitors were cytotoxic to a panel of B-ALL cell lines as well as to xenografted human leukemia patient samples. Assessment of isoform-specific HDACi indicated that targeting HDAC1-3 with class I HDAC-specific inhibitors was sufficient to inhibit growth of B-ALL cell lines. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated knockdown of HDAC1 or HDAC2 resulted in growth inhibition in these cells. We then assessed a compound that specifically inhibits only HDAC1 and HDAC2. This compound suppressed growth and induced apoptosis in B-ALL cell lines in vitro and in vivo, whereas it was far less effective against other B-cell-derived malignancies. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that HDAC inhibitors are a potential therapeutic option for B-ALL, and that a more specific inhibitor of HDAC1 and HDAC2 could be therapeutically useful for patients with B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Stubbs
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Wonil Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan Bariteau
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tina Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sridhar Vempati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janna Minehart
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Witkin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrei V Krivtsov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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25
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August KJ, Narendran A, Neville KA. Pediatric relapsed or refractory leukemia: new pharmacotherapeutic developments and future directions. Drugs 2014; 73:439-61. [PMID: 23568274 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-013-0026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, numerous advances in treatment have produced dramatic increases in the cure rates of pediatric leukemias. Despite this progress, the majority of children with relapsed leukemia are not expected to survive. With current chemotherapy regimens, approximately 15 % of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 45 % of children with acute myeloid leukemia will have refractory disease or experience a relapse. Advances in the treatment of pediatric relapsed leukemia have not mirrored the successes of upfront therapy, and newer treatments are desperately needed in order to improve survival in these challenging patients. Recent improvements in our knowledge of cancer biology have revealed an extensive number of targets that have the potential to be exploited for anticancer therapy. These advances have led to the development of a number of new treatments that are now being explored in children with relapsed or refractory leukemia. Novel agents seek to exploit the same molecular aberrations that contribute to leukemia development and resistance to therapy. Newer classes of drugs, including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and epigenetic modifiers are transforming the treatment of patients who are not cured with conventional therapies. As the side effects of many new agents are distinct from those seen with conventional chemotherapy, these treatments are often explored in combination with each other or combined with conventional treatment regimens. This review discusses the biological rationale for the most promising new agents and the results of recent studies conducted in pediatric patients with relapsed leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J August
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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26
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Činčárová L, Zdráhal Z, Fajkus J. New perspectives of valproic acid in clinical practice. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1535-47. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.853037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Pfeiffer MM, Burow H, Schleicher S, Handgretinger R, Lang P. Influence of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and DNA-Methyltransferase Inhibitors on the NK Cell-Mediated Lysis of Pediatric B-Lineage Leukemia. Front Oncol 2013; 3:99. [PMID: 23641363 PMCID: PMC3638146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic drugs like histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and DNA-methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) have been shown to be effective against a variety of tumor entities. Among different molecular anticancer activities of epigenetic active substances, up-regulation of natural killer (NK) cell ligands was described to contribute to an enhanced NK cell-mediated killing of tumor cell lines. So far, no data is available on this effect in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We investigated the effect of two HDACi [vorinostat, valproic acid (VPA)] and two DNMTi (azacytidine, decitabine) on the viability, expression of NK ligands, and NK susceptibility of the pre-B-cell-ALL cell line MHH-CALL-4. Whereas vorinostat, azacytidine, and decitabine directly reduced viability of the cell line, VPA had no direct cytotoxic effect. NKG2D-ligands were expressed only at very low levels and not affected by epigenetic treatment. Higher expression was found for the DNAM-1 ligands with significant up regulation of CD112 after treatment with VPA (p = 0.02). No significant increase in lysis mediated by resting NK cells could be observed, whereas incubation of target cells with decitabine resulted in a significant increase in lysis mediated by IL-2 activated NK cells (p = 0.0051, p = 0.06 for azacytidine). Vorinostat and VPA could increase the lysis by expanded NK cells which was statistically not significant due to high inter-individual variability. Furthermore, HDACi but not DNMTi reduced the NK-mediated lysis of MHH-CALL-4 after incubation of effector cells. In conclusion, there is a synergistic effect between epigenetic drugs and NK cells against MHH-CALL-4 which is not as strong as in other tumor entities. In situations where NK-mediated control of leukemia is assumed or wanted, a sophisticated combination of single epigenetic drugs and ex vivo expanded NK cells is needed to maximize the synergistic effect of both treatment strategies and DNMTIs may be preferred based on the direct inhibitory effect of HDACi on NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Manuel Pfeiffer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
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28
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Muscal JA, Thompson PA, Horton TM, Ingle AM, Ahern CH, McGovern RM, Reid JM, Ames MM, Espinoza-Delgado I, Weigel BJ, Blaney SM. A phase I trial of vorinostat and bortezomib in children with refractory or recurrent solid tumors: a Children's Oncology Group phase I consortium study (ADVL0916). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:390-5. [PMID: 22887890 PMCID: PMC3511610 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pediatric Phase I trial was performed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and pharmacokinetics (PK) of vorinostat and bortezomib, in patients with solid tumors. PROCEDURE Oral vorinostat was administered on days 1-5 and 8-12 of a 21-day cycle (starting dose 180 mg/m(2) /day with dose escalations to 230 and 300 mg/m(2) /day). Bortezomib (1.3 mg/m(2) i.v.) was administered on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of the same cycle. PK and correlative biology studies were performed during Cycle 1. RESULTS Twenty-three eligible patients [17 male, median age 12 years (range: 1-20)] were enrolled of whom 17 were fully evaluable for toxicity. Cycle 1 DLTs that occurred in 2/6 patients at dose level 3 (vorinostat 300 mg/m(2) /day) were Grade 2 sensory neuropathy that progressed to Grade 4 (n = 1) and Grade 3 nausea and anorexia (n = 1). No objective responses were observed. There was wide interpatient variability in vorinostat PK parameters. Bortezomib disposition was best described by a three-compartment model that demonstrated rapid distribution followed by prolonged elimination. We did not observe a decrease in nuclear factor-κB activity or Grp78 induction after bortezomib treatment in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from solid tumor patients. CONCLUSION The recommended Phase 2 dose and schedule is vorinostat (230 mg/m(2) /day PO on days 1-5 and 8-12) in combination with bortezomib (1.3 mg/m(2) /day i.v. on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle) in children with recurrent or refractory solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi A. Muscal
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Patrick A. Thompson
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Terzah M. Horton
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Joel M. Reid
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Igor Espinoza-Delgado
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brenda J. Weigel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Susan M. Blaney
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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29
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Gonen N, Assaraf YG. Antifolates in cancer therapy: Structure, activity and mechanisms of drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2012; 15:183-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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30
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Dolfini D, Gatta R, Mantovani R. NF-Y and the transcriptional activation of CCAAT promoters. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 47:29-49. [PMID: 22050321 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2011.628970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The CCAAT box promoter element and NF-Y, the transcription factor (TF) that binds to it, were among the first cis-elements and trans-acting factors identified; their interplay is required for transcriptional activation of a sizeable number of eukaryotic genes. NF-Y consists of three evolutionarily conserved subunits: a dimer of NF-YB and NF-YC which closely resembles a histone, and the "innovative" NF-YA. In this review, we will provide an update on the functional and biological features that make NF-Y a fundamental link between chromatin and transcription. The last 25 years have witnessed a spectacular increase in our knowledge of how genes are regulated: from the identification of cis-acting sequences in promoters and enhancers, and the biochemical characterization of the corresponding TFs, to the merging of chromatin studies with the investigation of enzymatic machines that regulate epigenetic states. Originally identified and studied in yeast and mammals, NF-Y - also termed CBF and CP1 - is composed of three subunits, NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC. The complex recognizes the CCAAT pentanucleotide and specific flanking nucleotides with high specificity (Dorn et al., 1997; Hatamochi et al., 1988; Hooft van Huijsduijnen et al, 1987; Kim & Sheffery, 1990). A compelling set of bioinformatics studies clarified that the NF-Y preferred binding site is one of the most frequent promoter elements (Suzuki et al., 2001, 2004; Elkon et al., 2003; Mariño-Ramírez et al., 2004; FitzGerald et al., 2004; Linhart et al., 2005; Zhu et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2007; Abnizova et al., 2007; Grskovic et al., 2007; Halperin et al., 2009; Häkkinen et al., 2011). The same consensus, as determined by mutagenesis and SELEX studies (Bi et al., 1997), was also retrieved in ChIP-on-chip analysis (Testa et al., 2005; Ceribelli et al., 2006; Ceribelli et al., 2008; Reed et al., 2008). Additional structural features of the CCAAT box - position, orientation, presence of multiple Transcriptional Start Sites - were previously reviewed (Dolfini et al., 2009) and will not be considered in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Dolfini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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31
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The role of HDACs inhibitors in childhood and adolescence acute leukemias. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:148046. [PMID: 21318168 PMCID: PMC3026992 DOI: 10.1155/2011/148046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemia is the most common type of childhood and adolescence cancer, characterized by clonal proliferation of variably differentiated myeloid or lymphoid precursors. Recent insights into the molecular pathogenesis of leukemia have shown that epigenetic modifications, such as deacetylation of histones and DNA methylation, play crucial roles in leukemogenesis, by transcriptional silencing of critical genes. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are potential targets in the treatment of leukaemia, and, as a consequence, inhibitors of HDACs (HDIs) are being studied for therapeutic purposes. HDIs promote or enhance several different anticancer mechanisms, such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cellular differentiation and, therefore, are in evidence as promising treatment for children and adolescents with acute leukemia, in monotherapy or in association with other anticancer drugs. Here we review the main preclinical and clinical studies regarding the use of HDIs in treating childhood and adolescence leukemia.
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32
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The DAC system and associations with acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. Invest New Drugs 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S36-49. [PMID: 21153858 PMCID: PMC3003828 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Imbalances of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and deacetylase activity (DAC) that result in deregulated gene expression are commonly observed in leukemias. These alterations provide the basis for novel therapeutic approaches that target the epigenetic mechanisms implicated in leukemogenesis. As the acetylation status of histones has been linked to transcriptional regulation of genes involved particularly in differentiation and apoptosis, DAC inhibitors (DACi) have attracted considerable attention for treatment of hematologic malignancies. DACi encompass a structurally diverse family of compounds that are being explored as single agents as well as in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, small molecule inhibitors of signaling pathways and hypomethylating agents. While DACi have shown clear evidence of activity in acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and lymphoid malignancies, their precise role in treatment of these different entities remain to be elucidated. Successful development of these compounds as elements of novel targeted treatment strategies for leukemia will require that clinical studies be performed in conjunction with translational research including efforts to identify predictive biomarkers.
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Leclerc GJ, Sanderson C, Hunger S, Devidas M, Barredo JC. Folylpolyglutamate synthetase gene transcription is regulated by a multiprotein complex that binds the TEL-AML1 fusion in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2010; 34:1601-9. [PMID: 20538338 PMCID: PMC2946984 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) non-random fusions influence clinical outcome and alter the accumulation of MTX-PGs in vivo. Analysis of primary ALL samples uncovered subtype-specific patterns of folate gene expression. Using an FPGS-luciferase reporter gene assay, we determined that E2A-PBX1 and TEL-AML1 expression decreased FPGS transcription. ChIP assays uncovered HDAC1, AML1, mSin3A, E2F, and Rb interactions with the FPGS promoter region. We demonstrate that FPGS expression is epigenetically regulated through binding of selected ALL fusions to a multiprotein complex, which also controls the cell cycle dependence of FPGS expression. This study provides insights into the pharmacogenomics of MTX in ALL subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy J. Leclerc
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101
| | - Christopher Sanderson
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101
| | | | - Meenakshi Devidas
- Children's Oncology Group and Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julio C. Barredo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101
- UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101
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34
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Bastian L, Einsiedel HG, Henze G, Seeger K, Shalapour S. The sequence of application of methotrexate and histone deacetylase inhibitors determines either a synergistic or an antagonistic response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Leukemia 2010; 25:359-61. [PMID: 21072050 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Abstract
Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in adults presents a formidable challenge. While overall results have improved over the past 3 decades, the long-term survival for patients aged less than 60 years is only in the range of 30-40% and is 10-15% if between 60 and 70 years and <5% for those over 70 years. The historic lack of clear-cut biological prognostic factors has led to over- or under-treatment of some patients. Response to initial therapy is an important prognosticator of outcome based on disease biology, as well as pharmacogenetics, which include the patient's response to drugs given. The more widespread availability of allogeneic transplantation and reduced-intensity regimens for older patients have opened up this curative modality to a greater number of patients. Hopefully, those options, as well as novel cytogenetic and molecular markers, will enable a better selection of patients who undergo intensive therapies and finally break the 30-40% cure barrier for adults with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Rowe
- Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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