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Fei X, Liang D, Zhao H, Yang Y, Yin M, He Z, Liu Z, Fan X. Preparation of chitosan-hyaluronic acid microcapsules and its dynamic release behavior analysis in a 3D-printed microchannel system: Exploration and verification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133031. [PMID: 38866283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This research focuses on the challenges of efficiently constructing drug carriers and evaluating their dynamic release in vitro simulation. By using pickering emulsion and layer-by-layer self-assembly methods. The microcapsules had tea tree oil as the core material, SiO2 nanoparticles as stabilizers, and chitosan and hyaluronic acid as shell materials. The microencapsulation mechanism, as well as the effects of core-shell mass ratio and stirring, were discussed. Specifically, a dynamic circulation simulation microchannel system was designed and manufactured based on 3D printing technology. In this simulation system, the release rate of microcapsules is accelerated and the trend changes, with its behavior aligning with the Boltzmann model. The study demonstrates the advantages of self-assembled inorganic-organic drug-loaded microcapsules in terms of controllable fabrication and ease of functional modification, and shows the potential of 3D printed cyclic microchannel systems in terms of operability and simulation fidelity in drug and physiological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Fei
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Dongchi Liang
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Rianlon Corporation, Tianjin 300480, China.
| | - Yanzi Yang
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Mingyang Yin
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhengkuan He
- School of Science, Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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2
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Wu S, Tan Y, Li F, Han Y, Zhang S, Lin X. CD44: a cancer stem cell marker and therapeutic target in leukemia treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354992. [PMID: 38736891 PMCID: PMC11082360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a ubiquitous leukocyte adhesion molecule involved in cell-cell interaction, cell adhesion, migration, homing and differentiation. CD44 can mediate the interaction between leukemic stem cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix, thereby inducing a cascade of signaling pathways to regulate their various behaviors. In this review, we focus on the impact of CD44s/CD44v as biomarkers in leukemia development and discuss the current research and prospects for CD44-related interventions in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yicheng Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixiang Han
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yin D, Shi A, Zhou B, Wang M, Xu G, Shen M, Zhu X, Shi X. Efficient Capture and Separation of Cancer Cells Using Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Magnetic Beads in a Microfluidic Chip. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11080-11086. [PMID: 36040875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The efficient isolation and specific discrimination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is expected to provide valuable information for understanding tumor metastasis and play an important role in the treatment of cancer patients. In this study, we developed a novel and rapid method for efficient capture and specific identification of cancer cells using hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified SiO2-coated magnetic beads in a microfluidic chip. First, polyacrylamide-surfaced SiO2-coated magnetic beads (SiO2@MBs) were covalently conjugated with HA, and the created HA-modified SiO2@MBs (HA-SiO2@MBs) display binding specificity to HeLa cells (a human cervical carcinoma cell line) overexpressing CD44 receptors. After incubating the HA-SiO2@MBs with cancer cells for 1 h, the mixture of MBs and cells was drawn into a designed microfluidic channel with two inlets and outlets. Through the formation of lamellar flow, cells specifically bound with the HA-SiO2@MBs can be separated under an external magnetic field with a capture efficiency of up to 92.0%. The developed method is simple, fast, and promising for CTC separation and cancer diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Andrew Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Benqing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gangwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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4
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Tan Z, Kan C, Wong M, Sun M, Liu Y, Yang F, Wang S, Zheng H. Regulation of Malignant Myeloid Leukemia by Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:857045. [PMID: 35756991 PMCID: PMC9213747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.857045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) has been proven to have benefits for both normal hematopoietic stem cell niche and pathological leukemic stem cell niche. In fact, the pathological leukemia microenvironment reprograms bone marrow niche cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells for leukemia progression, chemoresistance and relapse. The growth and differentiation of MSCs are modulated by leukemia stem cells. Moreover, chromatin abnormality of mesenchymal stem cells is sufficient for leukemia initiation. Here, we summarize the detailed relationship between MSC and leukemia. MSCs can actively and passively regulate the progression of myelogenous leukemia through cell-to-cell contact, cytokine-receptor interaction, and exosome communication. These behaviors benefit LSCs proliferation and survival and inhibit physiological hematopoiesis. Finally, we describe the recent advances in therapy targeting MSC hoping to provide new perspectives and therapeutic strategies for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Kan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mandy Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Minqiong Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yakun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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5
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Boafo GF, Shi Y, Xiao Q, Magar KT, Zoulikha M, Xing X, Teng C, Brobbey E, Li X, Jiang X, Wang X, Yang Y, Kesse S, He W. Targeted co-delivery of daunorubicin and cytarabine based on the hyaluronic acid prodrug modified liposomes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles for Immunogenic Chemotherapy of Leukemia and T-Cell Lymphoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020466. [PMID: 35214193 PMCID: PMC8874923 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ratiometric delivery of combination chemotherapy can achieve therapeutic efficacy based on synergistic interactions between drugs. It is critical to design such combinations with drugs that complement each other and reduce cancer growth through multiple mechanisms. Using hyaluronic acid (HA) as a carrier, two chemotherapeutic agents—doxorubicin (DOX) and camptothecin (CPT)—were incorporated and tested for their synergistic potency against a broad panel of blood-cancer cell lines. The pair also demonstrated the ability to achieve immunogenic cell death by increasing the surface exposure levels of Calreticulin, thereby highlighting its ability to induce apoptosis via an alternate pathway. Global proteomic profiling of cancer cells treated with HA–DOX–CPT identified pathways that could potentially predict patient sensitivity to HA–DOX–CPT. This lays the foundation for further exploration of integrating drug delivery and proteomics in personalized immunogenic chemotherapy.
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7
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Kearns O, Camisasca A, Giordani S. Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugated Carbon Nanomaterials for Enhanced Tumour Targeting Ability. Molecules 2021; 27:48. [PMID: 35011272 PMCID: PMC8746509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been implemented for chemo and photothermal therapy to target tumour cells overexpressing the CD44+ receptor. HA-targeting hybrid systems allows carbon nanomaterial (CNM) carriers to efficiently deliver anticancer drugs, such as doxorubicin and gemcitabine, to the tumour sites. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are grouped for a detailed review of the novel nanocomposites for cancer therapy. Some CNMs proved to be more successful than others in terms of stability and effectiveness at removing relative tumour volume. While the literature has been focused primarily on the CNTs and GO, other CNMs such as carbon nano-onions (CNOs) proved quite promising for targeted drug delivery using HA. Near-infrared laser photoablation is also reviewed as a primary method of cancer therapy-it can be used alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy to achieve promising chemo-photothermal therapy protocols. This review aims to give a background into HA and why it is a successful cancer-targeting component of current CNM-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland; (O.K.); (A.C.)
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8
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Functionalized niosomes as a smart delivery device in cancer and fungal infection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106052. [PMID: 34740786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Various diseases remain untreated due to lack of suitable therapeutic moiety or a suitable drug delivery device, especially where toxicities and side effects are the primary reason for concern. Cancer and fungal infections are diseases where treatment schedules are not completed due to severe side effects or lengthy treatment protocols. Advanced treatment approaches such as active targeting and inhibition of angiogenesis may be preferred method for the treatment for malignancy over the conventional method. Niosomes may be a better alternative drug delivery carrier for various therapeutic moieties (either hydrophilic or hydrophobic) and also due to ease of surface modification, non-immunogenicity and economical. Active targeting approach may be done by targeting the receptors through coupling of suitable ligand on niosomal surface. Moreover, various receptors (CD44, folate, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) & Vascular growth factor receptor (VGFR)) expressed by malignant cells have also been reviewed. The preparation of suitable niosomal formulation also requires considerable attention, and its formulation depends upon various factors such as selection of non-ionic surfactant, method of fabrication, and fabrication parameters. A combination therapy (dual drug and immunotherapy) has been proposed for the treatment of fungal infection with special consideration for surface modification with suitable ligand on niosomal surface to sensitize the receptors (C-type lectin receptors, Toll-like receptors & Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors) present on immune cells involved in fungal immunity. Certain gene silencing concept has also been discussed as an advanced alternative treatment for cancer by silencing the mRNA at molecular level using short interfering RNA (si-RNA).
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Development of Multidrug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Is Associated with Alterations of the LPHN1/GAL-9/TIM-3 Signaling Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143629. [PMID: 34298843 PMCID: PMC8304048 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (known as ABCB1 transporter) expression in myeloid blasts of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) leads to the commonly observed multidrug resistance. Overexpression of latrophilin-1 was detected in leukemic cells from AML patients. In a previous study, we showed that ABCB1 overexpression is associated with decreased latrophilin-1 expression in MOLM-13/VCR and SKM-1/VCR AML cell variants derived from MOLM-13 and SKM-1 cells by vincristine selection/adaptation. In the present study, we found that if ABCB1 overexpression occurs in myeloid blasts of newly diagnosed MDS patients, latrophilin-1 expression is attenuated. Latrophilin-1 may initiate TIM-3- and galectin-9-mediated immune escape. We demonstrated changes in the expression of both proteins by comparing ABCB1-positive cell variants (MOLM-13/VCR, SKM-1/VCR) with their ABCB1-negative counterparts. Galectin-9 was present in our cell lines in eight protein isoforms for which we identified the respective transcription variants resulting from alternative splicing, and we verified their structure by sequencing. The isoform profile of galectin-9 was different between ABCB1-positive and ABCB1-negative cell variants. The interaction partner of galectin-9 is CD44, and its expression was altered in the ABCB1-positive variants MOLM-13/VCR and SKM-1/VCR compared to their ABCB1-negative counterparts.
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Stahlhut M, Ha TC, Takmakova E, Morgan MA, Schwarzer A, Schaudien D, Eder M, Schambach A, Kustikova OS. Conditionally immortalised leukaemia initiating cells co-expressing Hoxa9/Meis1 demonstrate microenvironmental adaptation properties ex vivo while maintaining myelomonocytic memory. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5294. [PMID: 33674652 PMCID: PMC7935976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of haematopoietic stem cell fate through conditional gene expression could improve understanding of healthy haematopoietic and leukaemia initiating cell (LIC) biology. We established conditionally immortalised myeloid progenitor cell lines co-expressing constitutive Hoxa9.EGFP and inducible Meis1.dTomato (H9M-ciMP) to study growth behaviour, immunophenotype and morphology under different cytokine/microenvironmental conditions ex vivo upon doxycycline (DOX) induction or removal. The vector design and drug-dependent selection approach identified new retroviral insertion (RVI) sites that potentially collaborate with Meis1/Hoxa9 and define H9M-ciMP fate. For most cell lines, myelomonocytic conditions supported reversible H9M-ciMP differentiation into neutrophils and macrophages with DOX-dependent modulation of Hoxa9/Meis1 and CD11b/Gr-1 expression. Here, up-regulation of Meis1/Hoxa9 promoted reconstitution of exponential expansion of immature H9M-ciMPs after DOX reapplication. Stem cell maintaining conditions supported selective H9M-ciMP exponential growth. H9M-ciMPs that had Ninj2 RVI and were cultured under myelomonocytic or stem cell maintaining conditions revealed the development of DOX-dependent acute myeloid leukaemia in a murine transplantation model. Transcriptional dysregulation of Ninj2 and distal genes surrounding RVI (Rad52, Kdm5a) was detected. All studied H9M-ciMPs demonstrated adaptation to T-lymphoid microenvironmental conditions while maintaining immature myelomonocytic features. Thus, the established system is relevant to leukaemia and stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Stahlhut
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Teng Cheong Ha
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Takmakova
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael A Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Olga S Kustikova
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Deak D, Gorcea-Andronic N, Sas V, Teodorescu P, Constantinescu C, Iluta S, Pasca S, Hotea I, Turcas C, Moisoiu V, Zimta AA, Galdean S, Steinheber J, Rus I, Rauch S, Richlitzki C, Munteanu R, Jurj A, Petrushev B, Selicean C, Marian M, Soritau O, Andries A, Roman A, Dima D, Tanase A, Sigurjonsson O, Tomuleasa C. A narrative review of central nervous system involvement in acute leukemias. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:68. [PMID: 33553361 PMCID: PMC7859772 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemias (both myeloid and lymphoblastic) are a group of diseases for which each year more successful therapies are implemented. However, in a subset of cases the overall survival (OS) is still exceptionally low due to the infiltration of leukemic cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the subsequent formation of brain tumors. The CNS involvement is more common in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), than in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although the rates for the second case might be underestimated. The main reasons for CNS invasion are related to the expression of specific adhesion molecules (VLA-4, ICAM-1, VCAM, L-selectin, PECAM-1, CD18, LFA-1, CD58, CD44, CXCL12) by a subpopulation of leukemic cells, called “sticky cells” which have the ability to interact and adhere to endothelial cells. Moreover, the microenvironment becomes hypoxic and together with secretion of VEGF-A by ALL or AML cells the permeability of vasculature in the bone marrow increases, coupled with the disruption of blood brain barrier. There is a single subpopulation of leukemia cells, called leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that is able to resist in the new microenvironment due to its high adaptability. The LCSs enter into the arachnoid, migrate, and intensively proliferate in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and consequently infiltrate perivascular spaces and brain parenchyma. Moreover, the CNS is an immune privileged site that also protects leukemic cells from chemotherapy. CD56/NCAM is the most important surface molecule often overexpressed by leukemic stem cells that offers them the ability to infiltrate in the CNS. Although asymptomatic or with unspecific symptoms, CNS leukemia should be assessed in both AML/ALL patients, through a combination of flow cytometry and cytological analysis of CSF. Intrathecal therapy (ITT) is a preventive measure for CNS involvement in AML and ALL, still much research is needed in finding the appropriate target that would dramatically lower CNS involvement in acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Deak
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Gorcea-Andronic
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentina Sas
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Pediatrics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Patric Teodorescu
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Catalin Constantinescu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Intensive Care Unit, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sabina Iluta
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionut Hotea
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Turcas
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Moisoiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimta
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Galdean
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jakob Steinheber
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Rus
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian Rauch
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cedric Richlitzki
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bobe Petrushev
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Selicean
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Marian
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Andries
- Department of Radiology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Roman
- Department of Radiology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Radiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Tanase
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Xing F, Zhou C, Hui D, Du C, Wu L, Wang L, Wang W, Pu X, Gu L, Liu L, Xiang Z, Zhang X. Hyaluronic acid as a bioactive component for bone tissue regeneration: Fabrication, modification, properties, and biological functions. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2020-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely distributed in the human body, and it is heavily involved in many physiological functions such as tissue hydration, wound repair, and cell migration. In recent years, HA and its derivatives have been widely used as advanced bioactive polymers for bone regeneration. Many medical products containing HA have been developed because this natural polymer has been proven to be nontoxic, noninflammatory, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Moreover, HA-based composite scaffolds have shown good potential for promoting osteogenesis and mineralization. Recently, many HA-based biomaterials have been fabricated for bone regeneration by combining with electrospinning and 3D printing technology. In this review, the polymer structures, processing, properties, and applications in bone tissue engineering are summarized. The challenges and prospects of HA polymers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , 610064 , Chengdu , China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , 610064 , Chengdu , China
| | - Didi Hui
- Innovatus Oral Cosmetic & Surgical Institute , Norman , OK, 73069 , United States of America
| | - Colin Du
- Innovatus Oral Cosmetic & Surgical Institute , Norman , OK, 73069 , United States of America
| | - Lina Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , 610064 , Chengdu , China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , 610064 , Chengdu , China
| | - Linnan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Xiaobing Pu
- Department of Orthopedics Medical Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Linxia Gu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, College of Engineering & Science, Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL, 32901 , United States of America
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , 610064 , Chengdu , China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , 610064 , Chengdu , China
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13
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Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U. Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1280. [PMID: 32849491 PMCID: PMC7426526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the pre- and post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types of cells, which carry a risk for a disease progression and subsequent post-therapeutic relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses. At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. Due to their importance, several biomarkers that characterize CSCs have been identified and correlated to diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, CSCs have been shown to display a high plasticity, which changes their phenotypic and functional appearance. Such changes are induced by chemo- and radiotherapeutics as well as senescent tumor cells, which cause alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Induction of senescence causes tumor shrinkage by modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment in which tumor cells undergo growth arrest and immune cells are attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, senescence can also have negative effects displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable effects can directly promote cancer stemness by increasing CSC plasticity phenotypes, by activating stemness pathways in non-CSCs, as well as by promoting senescence escape and subsequent activation of stemness pathways. At the end, all these effects can lead to tumor relapse and metastasis. This review provides an overview of the most frequently used CSC markers and their implementation as biomarkers by focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancers) and hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples on how the CSC markers might be influenced by therapeutics, such as chemo- and radiotherapy, and the tumor microenvironment. It points out, that it is crucial to identify and monitor residual CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype in a therapy follow-up using specific biomarkers. As a future perspective, a targeted immune-mediated strategy using chimeric antigen receptor based approaches for the removal of remaining chemotherapy-resistant cells as well as CSCs in a personalized therapeutic approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Walcher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kistenmacher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Dluczek
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Strauß
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André-René Blaudszun
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Villatoro A, Konieczny J, Cuminetti V, Arranz L. Leukemia Stem Cell Release From the Stem Cell Niche to Treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607. [PMID: 32754595 PMCID: PMC7367216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous, complex, and deadly disease, whose treatment has hardly evolved for decades and grounds on the use of intensive chemotherapy regimens. Chemotherapy helps reduce AML bulk, but promotes relapse in the long-run by selection of chemoresistant leukemia stem cells (LSC). These may diversify and result in progression to more aggressive forms of AML. In vivo models suggest that the bone marrow stem cell niche helps LSC stay dormant and protected from chemotherapy. Here, we summarize relevant changes in stem cell niche homing and adhesion of AML LSC vs. healthy hematopoietic stem cells, and provide an overview of clinical trials aiming at targeting these processes for AML treatment and future directions within this field. Promising results with various non-mutation-targeted novel therapies directed to LSC eradication via interference with their anchoring to the stem cell niche have encouraged on-going or future advanced phase III clinical trials. In the coming years, we may see a shift in the focus of AML treatment to LSC-directed therapies if the prospect of improved cure rates holds true. In the future, AML treatment should lean toward personalized therapies using combinations of these compounds plus mutation-targeted agents and/or targeted delivery of chemotherapy, aiming at LSC eradication with reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Villatoro
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Joanna Konieczny
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vincent Cuminetti
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lorena Arranz
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Molecular Medicine (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Pievani A, Biondi M, Tomasoni C, Biondi A, Serafini M. Location First: Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Within Its Niche. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1513. [PMID: 32443460 PMCID: PMC7290711 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research and development of new treatments, acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-backbone therapy has remained essentially unchanged over the last decades and is frequently associated with poor outcomes. Eradicating the leukemic stem cells (LSCs) is the ultimate challenge in the treatment of AML. Emerging evidence suggests that AML remodels the bone marrow (BM) niche into a leukemia-permissive microenvironment while suppressing normal hematopoiesis. The mechanism of stromal-mediated protection of leukemic cells in the BM is complex and involves many adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines. Targeting these factors may represent a valuable approach to complement existing therapies and overcome microenvironment-mediated drug resistance. Some strategies for dislodging LSCs and leukemic blasts from their protective niche have already been tested in patients and are in different phases of the process of clinical development. Other strategies, such as targeting the stromal cells remodeling processes, remain at pre-clinical stages. Development of humanized xenograft mouse models, which overcome the mismatch between human leukemia cells and the mouse BM niche, is required to generate physiologically relevant, patient-specific human niches in mice that can be used to unravel the role of human AML microenvironment and to carry out preclinical studies for the development of new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pievani
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Marta Biondi
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Chiara Tomasoni
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Fondazione MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Marta Serafini
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.); (C.T.)
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16
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He B, Yang N, Man CH, Ng NK, Cher C, Leung H, Kan LL, Cheng BY, Lam SS, Wang ML, Zhang C, Kwok H, Cheng G, Sharma R, Ma AC, So CE, Kwong Y, Leung AY. Follistatin is a novel therapeutic target and biomarker in FLT3/ITD acute myeloid leukemia. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10895. [PMID: 32134197 PMCID: PMC7136967 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/ITD) occurs in about 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is associated with poor response to conventional treatment and adverse outcome. Here, we reported that human FLT3/ITD expression led to axis duplication and dorsalization in about 50% of zebrafish embryos. The morphologic phenotype was accompanied by ectopic expression of a morphogen follistatin (fst) during early embryonic development. Increase in fst expression also occurred in adult FLT3/ITD-transgenic zebrafish, Flt3/ITD knock-in mice, and human FLT3/ITD AML cells. Overexpression of human FST317 and FST344 isoforms enhanced clonogenicity and leukemia engraftment in xenotransplantation model via RET, IL2RA, and CCL5 upregulation. Specific targeting of FST by shRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, or antisense oligo inhibited leukemic growth in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, serum FST positively correlated with leukemia engraftment in FLT3/ITD AML patient-derived xenograft mice and leukemia blast percentage in primary AML patients. In FLT3/ITD AML patients treated with FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib, serum FST levels correlated with clinical response. These observations supported FST as a novel therapeutic target and biomarker in FLT3/ITD AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai‐Liang He
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Ning Yang
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Cheuk Him Man
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Nelson Ka‐Lam Ng
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Chae‐Yin Cher
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Ho‐Ching Leung
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Leo Lai‐Hok Kan
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Bowie Yik‐Ling Cheng
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Stephen Sze‐Yuen Lam
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Michelle Lu‐Lu Wang
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Chun‐Xiao Zhang
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Hin Kwok
- Centre for Genomic SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Grace Cheng
- Centre for Genomic SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Centre for Genomic SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Alvin Chun‐Hang Ma
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina
| | - Chi‐Wai Eric So
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology GroupDivision of Cancer StudiesDepartment of Hematological MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yok‐Lam Kwong
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Anskar Yu‐Hung Leung
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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17
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Mitchell K, Steidl U. Targeting Immunophenotypic Markers on Leukemic Stem Cells: How Lessons from Current Approaches and Advances in the Leukemia Stem Cell (LSC) Model Can Inform Better Strategies for Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036251. [PMID: 31451539 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapies targeting cell-surface antigens in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been tested over the past 20 years with limited improvement in overall survival. Recent advances in the understanding of AML pathogenesis support therapeutic targeting of leukemia stem cells as the most promising avenue toward a cure. In this review, we provide an overview of the evolving leukemia stem cell (LSC) model, including evidence of the cell of origin, cellular and molecular disease architecture, and source of relapse in AML. In addition, we explore limitations of current targeted strategies utilized in AML and describe the various immunophenotypic antigens that have been proposed as LSC-directed therapeutic targets. We draw lessons from current approaches as well as from the (pre)-LSC model to suggest criteria that immunophenotypic targets should meet for more specific and effective elimination of disease-initiating clones, highlighting in detail a few targets that we suggest fit these criteria most completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Division of Hemato-Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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18
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Foroughi Pour A, Dalton LA. Optimal Bayesian Filtering for Biomarker Discovery: Performance and Robustness. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 17:250-263. [PMID: 30040658 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2018.2858814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optimal Bayesian feature filtering (OBF) is a fast and memory-efficient algorithm that optimally identifies markers with distributional differences between treatment groups under Gaussian models. Here, we study the performance and robustness of OBF for biomarker discovery. Our contributions are twofold: (1) we examine how OBF performs on data that violates modeling assumptions, and (2) we provide guidelines on how to set input parameters for robust performance. Contribution (1) addresses an important, relevant, and commonplace problem in computational biology, where it is often impossible to validate an algorithm's core assumptions. To accomplish both tasks, we present a battery of simulations that implement OBF with different inputs and challenge each assumption made by OBF. In particular, we examine the robustness of OBF with respect to incorrect input parameters, false independence, imbalanced sample size, and we address the Gaussianity assumption by considering performance on an extensive family of non-Gaussian distributions. We address advantages and disadvantages between different priors and optimization criteria throughout. Finally, we evaluate the utility of OBF in biomarker discovery using acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and colon cancer microarray datasets, and show that OBF is successful at identifying well-known biomarkers for these diseases that rank low under moderated t-test.
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19
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Jain Singhai N, Ramteke S. CNTs mediated CD44 targeting; a paradigm shift in drug delivery for breast cancer. Genes Dis 2019; 7:205-216. [PMID: 32215290 PMCID: PMC7083711 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer is one of the most common cancer affecting millions of lives worldwide. Though the prevalence of breast cancer is worldwide; however, the developing nations are having a comparatively higher percentage of breast cancer cases and associated complications. The molecular etiology behind breast cancer is complex and involves several regulatory molecules and their downstream signaling. Studies have demonstrated that the CD44 remains one of the major molecule associated not only in breast cancer but also several other kinds of tumors. The complex structure and functioning of CD44 posed a challenge to develop and deliver precise anti-cancerous drugs against targeted tissue. There are more than 20 isoforms of CD44 reported till date associated with several kinds of tumor in the using breast cancer. The success of any anti-cancerous therapy largely depends on the precise drug delivery system, and in modern days nanotechnology-based drug delivery vehicles are the first choice not only for cancer but several other chronic diseases as well. The Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown tremendous scope in delivering the drug by targeting a particular receptor and molecules. Functionalized CNTs including both SWCNTs and MWCNTs are a pioneer in drug delivery with higher efficacy. The present work emphasized mainly on the potential of CNTs including both SWCNTs and MWCNTs in drug delivery for anti-cancerous therapy. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of various CNTs and their validation for effective drug delivery. The work focus on drug delivery approaches for breast cancer, precisely targeting CD44 molecule.
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Key Words
- Anti-cancerous therapy
- BBB, Blood–Brain Barrier
- Breast cancer
- CD 44, Cluster of Differentiation
- CD44
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- Delivery
- Drug
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HNSCC, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- MMPs, Matrix metalloproteinase
- MWCNTs, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
- Multiwalled carbon nanotubes
- PDT, Photodynamic Therapy
- PTT, Photothermal Therapy
- SWCNTs, Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes
- siRNA, Small Interfering RNA
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20
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Heath JL, Cohn GM, Zaidi SK, Stein GS. The role of cell adhesion in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19189-19198. [PMID: 30980400 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cells of the bone marrow microenvironment are emerging as important contributors and regulators of normal hematopoiesis. This microenvironment is perturbed during leukemogenesis, and evidence points toward a bidirectional communication between leukemia cells and the normal cells of the bone marrow, mediated by direct cell-cell contact as well as soluble factors. These interactions are increasingly appreciated to play a role in leukemogenesis and possibly in resistance to chemotherapy. In fact, several compounds that specifically target the bone marrow microenvironment, including inhibitors of cell adhesion, are being tested as adjuncts to leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Heath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gabriel M Cohn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sayyed K Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont
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21
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Piya S, Mu H, Bhattacharya S, Lorenzi PL, Davis RE, McQueen T, Ruvolo V, Baran N, Wang Z, Qian Y, Crews CM, Konopleva M, Ishizawa J, You MJ, Kantarjian H, Andreeff M, Borthakur G. BETP degradation simultaneously targets acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells and the microenvironment. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1878-1894. [PMID: 30829648 DOI: 10.1172/jci120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-leukemic effect of BET/BRD4 (BETP) protein inhibition has been largely attributed to transcriptional downregulation of cellular anabolic/anti-apoptotic processes but its effect on bone marrow microenvironment, a sanctuary favoring persistence of leukemia stem/progenitor cells, is unexplored. Sustained degradation of BETP with small-molecule BET proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC), ARV-825, resulted in marked downregulation of surface CXCR4 and CD44, key proteins in leukemia-microenvironment interaction, in AML cells. Abrogation of surface CXCR4 expression impaired SDF-1α directed migration and was mediated through transcriptional down-regulation of PIM1 kinase that in turn phosphorylates CXCR4 and facilitates its surface localization. Down-regulation of CD44/CD44v8-10 impaired cystine uptake, lowered intracellular reduced glutathione and increased oxidative stress. More importantly, BETP degradation markedly decreased CD34+CD38-CD90-CD45RA+ leukemic stem cell population and alone or in combination with Cytarabine, prolonged survival in mouse model of human leukemia including AML-PDX. Gene expression profiling and single cell proteomics confirmed down regulation of the gene signatures associated with 'stemness' in AML and Wnt/β-catenin, Myc pathways. Hence, BETP degradation by ARV-825 simultaneously targets cell intrinsic signaling, stromal interactions and metabolism in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Piya
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy.,Department of Leukemia
| | - Hong Mu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy.,Department of Leukemia
| | | | | | - R Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Teresa McQueen
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy.,Department of Leukemia
| | - Vivian Ruvolo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy.,Department of Leukemia
| | - Natalia Baran
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy.,Department of Leukemia
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yimin Qian
- Arvinas Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy.,Department of Leukemia
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22
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Gu Z, Wang X, Cheng R, Cheng L, Zhong Z. Hyaluronic acid shell and disulfide-crosslinked core micelles for in vivo targeted delivery of bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:288-295. [PMID: 30240956 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ) provides one of the best treatments for multiple myeloma (MM). The efficacy of BTZ is, nevertheless, restricted by its fast clearance, low selectivity, and dose limiting toxicities. Here, we report on targeted BTZ therapy of MM in vivo by hyaluronic acid-shelled and core-disulfide-crosslinked biodegradable micelles (HA-CCMs) encapsulating lipophilized BTZ, bortezomib-pinanediol (BP). HA-CCMs loaded with 7.3 BTZ equiv. wt% exhibited a small size of 78 nm, good stability in 10% FBS, and glutathione-triggered drug release. MTT assays in CD44 positive LP-1 multiple myeloma cells revealed that BP encapsulated in HA-CCMs caused enhanced antiproliferative effect compared with free BP. Flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and MTT assays indicated BP-loaded HA-CCMs (HA-CCMs-BP) could actively target to LP-1 cells and induce high antitumor effect. Proteasome activity assays in vitro showed HA-CCMs-BP had a similar proteasome activity inhibition as compared to free BTZ at 18 h. The fluorescence imaging using Cy5-labeled HA-CCMs showed that HA-CCMs had a long elimination half-life and enhanced tumor accumulation via HA-mediated uptake mechanism. The therapeutic studies in LP-1 MM-bearing mice revealed better treatment efficacy of HA-CCMs-BP compared with free BTZ, in which HA-CCMs-BP at 3 mg BTZ equiv./kg brought about significant tumor growth inhibition and survival benefits. Loading of lipophilized BTZ into HA-shelled multifunctional micelles has emerged as an exciting approach for bortezomib therapy of MM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. Bortezomib (BTZ), a potent proteasome inhibitor, provides one of the best treatments for MM. The clinical efficacy of BTZ is, however, limited by its quick clearance, poor selectivity, and significant side effects including myelosuppression and peripheral neuropathy. Here, we report on targeted BTZ therapy of MM in vivo by hyaluronic acid-shelled and core-disulfide-crosslinked biodegradable micelles (HA-CCMs) encapsulating lipophilized BTZ, bortezomib-pinanediol (BP). Our results showed that BP-loaded HA-CCMs exhibit markedly enhanced toleration, broadened therapeutic window, and significantly more effective growth suppression of CD44-overexpressed multiple myeloma in nude mice than free bortezomib. Lipophilized BTZ-loaded HA-CCMs has opened a new avenue for targeted bortezomib therapy of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Gu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Ru Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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23
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Li W, Ji M, Lu F, Pang Y, Dong X, Zhang J, Li P, Ye J, Zang S, Ma D, Ji C. Novel AF1q/MLLT11 favorably affects imatinib resistance and cell survival in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:855. [PMID: 30154435 PMCID: PMC6113287 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has demonstrated beneficial effects. However, resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and disease relapse are still a challenge for CML therapy. In this study, we analyzed bone marrow samples from 149 CML patients and 15 control donors, and investigated the affect of AF1q on CML cell survival and engraftment in vitro and in vivo. We found that AF1q/MLLT11 expression was significantly upregulated in CML patients, especially in CD34+ CML cells. Elevated AF1q expression was associated with disease progression. Knockdown of AF1q enhanced imatinib sensitivity, induced apoptosis, and suppressed growth in CML cells. Moreover, AF1q deficiency sensitized CD34+ CML cells to imatinib. In contrast, upregulation of AF1q promoted cell survival, protected CML cells from imatinib-induced apoptosis, and increased engraftment of CML cells in vivo. We further identified a positive correlation between AF1q and CD44 expression in chronic phase CML patients and CD34+ CML cells. Importantly, AF1q contributes to imatinib-resistance in CML by regulating the expression of CD44. These findings reveal a novel BCR-ABL-independent pathway, AF1q/CD44, involves imatinib resistance in CML, thus representing a potential therapeutic target for imatinib-resistant CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Min Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yihua Pang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shaolei Zang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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24
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Saint-Paul L, Nguyen CH, Buffière A, Pais de Barros JP, Hammann A, Landras-Guetta C, Filomenko R, Chrétien ML, Johnson P, Bastie JN, Delva L, Quéré R. CD45 phosphatase is crucial for human and murine acute myeloid leukemia maintenance through its localization in lipid rafts. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64785-64797. [PMID: 27579617 PMCID: PMC5323116 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD45 is a pan-leukocyte protein with tyrosine phosphatase activity involved in the regulation of signal transduction in hematopoiesis. Exploiting CD45 KO mice and lentiviral shRNA, we prove the crucial role that CD45 plays in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development and maintenance. We discovered that CD45 does not colocalize with lipid rafts on murine and human non-transformed hematopoietic cells. Using a mouse model, we proved that CD45 positioning within lipid rafts is modified during their oncogenic transformation to AML. CD45 colocalized with lipid rafts on AML cells, which contributes to elevated GM-CSF signal intensity involved in proliferation of leukemic cells. We furthermore proved that the GM-CSF/Lyn/Stat3 pathway that contributes to growth of leukemic cells could be profoundly affected, by using a new plasma membrane disrupting agent, which rapidly delocalized CD45 away from lipid rafts. We provide evidence that this mechanism is also effective on human primary AML samples and xenograft transplantation. In conclusion, this study highlights the emerging evidence of the involvement of lipid rafts in oncogenic development of AML and the targeting of CD45 positioning among lipid rafts as a new strategy in the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Saint-Paul
- Inserm UMR866, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,LipSTIC Labex, Dijon, France
| | - Chi-Hung Nguyen
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR9187-U1196, CNRS-Institut Curie, Inserm, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Anne Buffière
- Inserm UMR866, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,LipSTIC Labex, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- LipSTIC Labex, Dijon, France.,Plateforme de lipidomique, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Arlette Hammann
- Plateforme de cytométrie, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Corinne Landras-Guetta
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR9187-U1196, CNRS-Institut Curie, Inserm, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | | | - Marie-Lorraine Chrétien
- Inserm UMR866, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,LipSTIC Labex, Dijon, France.,Hôpital Universitaire François-Mitterrand, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jean-Noël Bastie
- Inserm UMR866, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,LipSTIC Labex, Dijon, France.,Hôpital Universitaire François-Mitterrand, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Delva
- Inserm UMR866, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,LipSTIC Labex, Dijon, France
| | - Ronan Quéré
- Inserm UMR866, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,LipSTIC Labex, Dijon, France
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25
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Karantanou C, Godavarthy PS, Krause DS. Targeting the bone marrow microenvironment in acute leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2535-2545. [PMID: 29431560 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1434886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite individual differences between certain leukemias, the overall survival rate in acute leukemia remains low at approximately 40%. Novel therapeutics, including targeted therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have been incorporated into treatment regimens, but most have failed at eradicating leukemic stem cells (LSCs). The causes of disease relapse, progression, and resistance to chemotherapy are as yet not entirely clear but thought to be linked to protection in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the BMM in acute leukemias and examine the ongoing efforts to target the BMM, which include treatment strategies targeting (a) leukemia-BMM interactions, (b) leukemia-cell intrinsic pathways influenced by the BMM, and (c) direct BMM targeting strategies. It is likely that the future ploy against leukemia will involve these and other innovative strategies designed to eradicate the last remaining warrior - the LSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Karantanou
- a Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy , Georg-Speyer-Haus , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Parimala Sonika Godavarthy
- a Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy , Georg-Speyer-Haus , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Daniela S Krause
- a Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy , Georg-Speyer-Haus , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
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26
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Pardo J, Peng Z, Leblanc RM. Cancer Targeting and Drug Delivery Using Carbon-Based Quantum Dots and Nanotubes. Molecules 2018; 23:E378. [PMID: 29439409 PMCID: PMC6017112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently cancer treatment is in large part non-specific with respect to treatment. Medication is often harsh on patients, whereby they suffer several undesired side effects as a result. Carbon-based nanoparticles have attracted attention in recent years due to their ability to act as a platform for the attachment of several drugs and/or ligands. Relatively simple models are often used in cancer research, wherein carbon nanoparticles are conjugated to a ligand that is specific to an overexpressed receptor for imaging and drug delivery in cancer treatment. These carbon nanoparticles confer unique properties to the imaging or delivery vehicle due to their nontoxic nature and their high fluorescence qualities. Chief among the ongoing research within carbon-based nanoparticles emerge carbon dots (C-dots) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In this review, the aforementioned carbon nanoparticles will be discussed in their use within doxorubicin and gemcitabine based drug delivery vehicles, as well as the ligand-mediated receptor specific targeted therapy. Further directions of research in current field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Pardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Zhili Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China.
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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27
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Zhong Y, Meng F, Deng C, Mao X, Zhong Z. Targeted inhibition of human hematological cancers in vivo by doxorubicin encapsulated in smart lipoic acid-crosslinked hyaluronic acid nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1482-1490. [PMID: 28958164 PMCID: PMC8240992 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1384864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapy of hematological cancers is challenged by its poor selectivity that leads to low therapeutic efficacy and pronounced adverse effects. Here, we report that doxorubicin encapsulated in lipoic acid-crosslinked hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (LACHA-DOX) mediate highly efficacious and targeted inhibition of human hematological cancers including LP-1 human multiple myeloma (MM) and AML-2 human acute myeloid leukemia xenografted in nude mice. LACHA-DOX had a size of ca. 183 nm and a DOX loading content of ca. 12.0 wt.%. MTT and flow cytometry assays showed that LACHA-DOX possessed a high targetability and antitumor activity toward CD44 receptor overexpressing LP-1 human MM cells and AML-2 human acute myeloid leukemia cells. The in vivo and ex vivo images revealed that LACHA-DOX achieved a significantly enhanced accumulation in LP-1 and AML-2 tumor xenografts. Notably, LACHA-DOX effectively suppressed LP-1 as well as AML-2 tumor growth and drastically increased mice survival rate as compared to control groups receiving free DOX or PBS. Histological analyses exhibited that LACHA-DOX caused little damage to the major organs like liver and heart. This study provides a proof-of-concept that lipoic acid-crosslinked hyaluronic acid nanoparticulate drugs may offer a more safe and effective treatment modality for CD44 positive hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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28
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Barwe SP, Quagliano A, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Eviction from the sanctuary: Development of targeted therapy against cell adhesion molecules in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Semin Oncol 2017; 44:101-112. [PMID: 28923207 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant hematological disease afflicting hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. While 80%-90% of patients diagnosed with ALL will achieve complete remission at some point during treatment, ALL is associated with high relapse rate, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 68%. The initial remission failure and the high rate of relapse can be attributed to intrinsic chemoprotective mechanisms that allow persistence of ALL cells despite therapy. These mechanisms are mediated, at least in part, through the engagement of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) within the bone marrow microenvironment. This review assembles CAMs implicated in protection of leukemic cells from chemotherapy. Such studies are limited in ALL. Therefore, CAMs that are associated with poor outcomes or are overexpressed in ALL and have been shown to be involved in chemoprotection in other hematological cancers are also included. It is likely that these molecules play parallel roles in ALL because the CAMs identified to be a factor in ALL chemoresistance also work similarly in other hematological malignancies. We review the signaling mechanisms activated by the engagement of CAMs that provide protection from chemotherapy. Development of targeted therapies against CAMs could improve outcome and raise the overall cure rate in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali P Barwe
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE.
| | - Anthony Quagliano
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
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29
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Xu G, Tan Y, Xu T, Yin D, Wang M, Shen M, Chen X, Shi X, Zhu X. Hyaluronic acid-functionalized electrospun PLGA nanofibers embedded in a microfluidic chip for cancer cell capture and culture. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:752-761. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00933f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid-functionalized electrospun PLGA nanofibers embedded in a microfluidic chip are able to effectively capture cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
| | - Yulong Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- Huashan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200040
- P. R. China
| | - Tiegang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- People's Republic of China
| | - Di Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- Huashan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200040
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
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30
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Morath I, Hartmann T, Orian-Rousseau V. CD44: More than a mere stem cell marker. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:166-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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31
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Abstract
Research in the last few years has revealed a sophisticated interaction network between multiple bone marrow cells that regulate different hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) properties such as proliferation, differentiation, localization, and self-renewal during homeostasis. These mechanisms are essential to keep the physiological HSC numbers in check and interfere with malignant progression. In addition to the identification of multiple mutations and chromosomal aberrations driving the progression of myeloid malignancies, alterations in the niche compartment recently gained attention for contributing to disease progression. Leukemic cells can remodel the niche into a permissive environment favoring leukemic stem cell expansion over normal HSC maintenance, and evidence is accumulating that certain niche alterations can even induce leukemic transformation. Relapse after chemotherapy is still a major challenge during treatment of myeloid malignancies, and cure is only rarely achieved. Recent progress in understanding the niche-imposed chemoresistance mechanisms will likely contribute to the improvement of current therapeutic strategies. This article discusses the role of different niche cells and their stage- and disease-specific roles during progression of myeloid malignancies and in response to chemotherapy.
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32
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Krause DS, Scadden DT. A hostel for the hostile: the bone marrow niche in hematologic neoplasms. Haematologica 2016; 100:1376-87. [PMID: 26521296 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the biology of the normal hematopoietic stem cell niche has increased steadily due to improved murine models and sophisticated imaging tools. Less well understood, but of growing interest, is the interaction between cells in the bone marrow during the initiation, maintenance and treatment of hematologic neoplasms. This review summarizes the emerging concepts of the normal and leukemic hematopoietic bone marrow niche. Furthermore, it reviews current models of how the microenvironment of the bone marrow may contribute to or be modified by leukemogenesis. Finally, it provides the rationale for a "two-pronged" approach, directly targeting cancer cells themselves while also targeting the bone microenvironment to make it inhospitable to malignant cells and, ultimately, eradicating cancer stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Krause
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David T Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
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33
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Pleyer L, Valent P, Greil R. Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells in Normal and Dysplastic Hematopoiesis-Masters of Survival and Clonality? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071009. [PMID: 27355944 PMCID: PMC4964385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders that have the capacity to progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Accumulating evidence suggests that the altered bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in general, and in particular the components of the stem cell niche, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their progeny, play a pivotal role in the evolution and propagation of MDS. We here present an overview of the role of MSCs in the pathogenesis of MDS, with emphasis on cellular interactions in the BM microenvironment and related stem cell niche concepts. MSCs have potent immunomodulatory capacities and communicate with diverse immune cells, but also interact with various other cellular components of the microenvironment as well as with normal and leukemic stem and progenitor cells. Moreover, compared to normal MSCs, MSCs in MDS and AML often exhibit altered gene expression profiles, an aberrant phenotype, and abnormal functional properties. These alterations supposedly contribute to the “reprogramming” of the stem cell niche into a disease-permissive microenvironment where an altered immune system, abnormal stem cell niche interactions, and an impaired growth control lead to disease progression. The current article also reviews molecular targets that play a role in such cellular interactions and possibilities to interfere with abnormal stem cell niche interactions by using specific targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pleyer
- 3rd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials at Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- 3rd Medical Department, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Richard Greil
- 3rd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials at Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- 3rd Medical Department, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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34
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Bernasconi P, Farina M, Boni M, Dambruoso I, Calvello C. Therapeutically targeting SELF-reinforcing leukemic niches in acute myeloid leukemia: A worthy endeavor? Am J Hematol 2016; 91:507-17. [PMID: 26822317 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A tight relationship between the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) population and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment has been convincingly established. The AML clone contains leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that compete with normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for niche occupancy and remodel the niche; whereas, the BM microenvironment might promote AML development and progression not only through hypoxia and homing/adhesion molecules, but also through genetic defects. Although it is still unknown whether the niche influences treatment results or contains any potential target for treatment, this dynamic AML-niche interaction might be a promising therapeutic objective to significantly improve the AML cure rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernasconi
- Division of Hematology; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Mirko Farina
- Division of Hematology; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Marina Boni
- Division of Hematology; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Irene Dambruoso
- Division of Hematology; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Celeste Calvello
- Division of Hematology; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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35
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Han Y, Lu S, Wen YG, Yu FD, Zhu XW, Qiu GQ, Tang HM, Peng ZH, Zhou CZ. Overexpression of HOXA10 promotes gastric cancer cells proliferation and HOXA10(+)/CD44(+) is potential prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:642-52. [PMID: 26552644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant cancer with poor prognosis. This study aims to investigate the roles of homeobox A10 (HOXA10) in GC and the correlations between HOXA10/CD44 expression and GC prognosis. Based on qRT-PCR and Western Blot analyses in 50 pairs of fresh GC samples and adjacent normal samples, it is identified that HOXA10 was significantly up-regulated in GC tissues at mRNA and protein levels. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were enhanced in GC cells with overexpressed HOXA10, while inhibited in cells with silenced HOXA10. Through IPA software, HOXA10 was predicted to interact with CD44 via MSN, which was preliminarily confirmed by using Western Blot. Through immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray (N=264), it is found that HOXA10 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.011) and CD44 expression (P<0.001), while CD44 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P<0.001), depth of tumor invasion (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), distant metastasis (P=0.001), UICC stage (P<0.001), histological differentiation (P<0.001), and HOXA10 expression (P<0.001). Additionally, the over-all survival and disease-free survival of HOXA10(+)/CD44(+) patients were dramatically decreased in comparison with that of HOXA10(+)/CD44(-), HOXA10(-)/CD44(+), or HOXA10(-)/CD44(-) patients (P<0.001), suggesting that the combinatory expression of HOXA10 and CD44 was correlated with poor GC prognosis. In conclusion, HOXA10 and CD44 might play roles in GC tumorigenesis, metastasis, and invasion. HOXA10(+)/CD44(+) expression might serve as a prognostic biomarker for GC, which needs more studies to validate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Su Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Yu-Gang Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Fu-Dong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Xing-Wu Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Hua-Mei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20080, China.
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Ponnusamy K, Kohrs N, Ptasinska A, Assi SA, Herold T, Hiddemann W, Lausen J, Bonifer C, Henschler R, Wichmann C. RUNX1/ETO blocks selectin-mediated adhesion via epigenetic silencing of PSGL-1. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e146. [PMID: 25867177 PMCID: PMC5399174 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1/ETO (RE), the t(8;21)-derived leukemic transcription factor associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development, deregulates genes involved in differentiation, self-renewal and proliferation. In addition, these cells show differences in cellular adhesion behavior whose molecular basis is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that RE epigenetically silences the gene encoding P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and downregulates PSGL-1 expression in human CD34+ and murine lin− hematopoietic progenitor cells. Levels of PSGL-1 inversely and dose-dependently correlate with RE oncogene levels. However, a DNA-binding defective mutant fails to downregulate PSGL-1. We show by ChIP experiments that the PSGL-1 promoter is a direct target of RE and binding is accompanied by high levels of the repressive chromatin mark histone H3K27me3. In t(8;21)+ Kasumi-1 cells, PSGL-1 expression is completely restored at both the mRNA and cell surface protein levels following RE downregulation with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or RE inhibition with tetramerization-blocking peptides, and at the promoter H3K27me3 is replaced by the activating chromatin mark H3K9ac as well as by RNA polymerase II. Upregulation of PSGL-1 restores the binding of cells to P- and E-selectin and re-establishes myeloid-specific cellular adhesion while it fails to bind to lymphocyte-specific L-selectin. Overall, our data suggest that the RE oncoprotein epigenetically represses PSGL-1 via binding to its promoter region and thus affects the adhesive behavior of t(8;21)+ AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ponnusamy
- 1] Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany [2] Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Kohrs
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Ptasinska
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S A Assi
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - W Hiddemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - J Lausen
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Bonifer
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Henschler
- 1] Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany [2] Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Wichmann
- 1] Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany [2] Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
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37
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Polymeric nanoparticle-mediated silencing of CD44 receptor in CD34+ acute myeloid leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2014; 38:1299-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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38
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Yeh ES, Vernon-Grey A, Martin H, Chodosh LA. Tetracycline-regulated mouse models of cancer. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2014; 2014:pdb.top069823. [PMID: 25275112 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top069823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have proven essential to the study of mammalian gene function in both development and disease. However, traditional constitutive transgenic mouse model systems are limited by the temporal and spatial characteristics of the experimental promoter used to drive transgene expression. To address this limitation, considerable effort has been dedicated to developing conditional and inducible mouse model systems. Although a number of approaches to generating inducible GEMMs have been pursued, several have been restricted by toxic or undesired physiological side effects of the compounds used to activate gene expression. The development of tetracycline (tet)-dependent regulatory systems has allowed for circumvention of these issues resulting in the widespread adoption of these systems as an invaluable tool for modeling the complex nature of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ann Vernon-Grey
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Heather Martin
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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39
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Li G, Li X, Wu H, Yang X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Wu X, Cui L, Wu L, Luo J, Liu XY. CD123 targeting oncolytic adenoviruses suppress acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e194. [PMID: 24658372 PMCID: PMC3972701 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a novel strategy to redirect oncolytic adenoviruses to CD123 by carry a soluble coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (sCAR)-IL3 expression cassette in the viral genome to form Ad.IL3, which sustainably infected acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells through CD123. Ad.IL3 was further engineered to harbor gene encoding manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) or mannose-binding plant lectin Pinellia pedatisecta agglutinin (PPA), forming Ad.IL3-MnSOD and Ad.IL3-PPA. As compared with Ad.IL3 or Ad.sp-E1A control, Ad.IL3-MnSOD and Ad.IL3-PPA significantly suppressed in vitro proliferation of HL60 and KG-1 cells. Elevated apoptosis was detected in HL60 and KG-1 cells treated with either Ad.IL3-MnSOD or Ad.IL3-PPA. The caspase-9–caspase-7 pathway was determined to be activated by Ad.IL3-MnSOD as well as by Ad.IL3-PPA in HL60 cells. In an HL60/Luc xenograft nonobese diabetic/severe-combined immunodeficiency mice model, Ad.IL3-MnSOD and Ad.IL3-PPA suppressed cancer cell growth as compared with Ad.IL3. A significant difference of cancer cell burden was detected between Ad.IL3 and Ad.IL3-PPA groups at day 9 after treatment. Furthermore, Ad.IL3-MnSOD significantly prolonged mouse survival as compared with Ad.sp-E1A. These findings demonstrated that Ad.IL3-gene could serve as a novel agent for AML therapy. Harboring sCAR-ligand expression cassette in the viral genome may provide a universal method to redirect oncolytic adenoviruses to various membrane receptors on cancer cells resisting serotype 5 adenovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - H Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Y Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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40
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Wang NS, Wei M, Ma WL, Meng W, Zheng WL. Knockdown of CD44 enhances chemosensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cells to ADM and Ara-C. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:3933-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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41
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Wu H, Deng J, Zheng J, You Y, Li N, Li W, Wu D, Zhou Y. Functional polymorphisms in the CD44 gene and acute myeloid leukemia cancer risk in a Chinese population. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:102-10. [PMID: 24038513 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CD44 is such one adhesion molecule that mediates interactions between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and stromal. It has been demonstrated that CD4 plays a critical role in AML development. However, studies of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD44 gene have not touched upon AML. This case-control study probed the contribution of functional SNPs in CD44 gene to AML susceptibility in eastern Chinese population. Five representative SNPs of CD44 (rs10836347C>T, rs13347C>T, rs1425802A>G, rs11821102G>A, rs713330T>C) were opted and genotyped in 421 AML patients and 461 healthy subjects and the association with risk of AML was estimated by logistic regression. Moreover, the potential role of rs13347C > T in AML was further explored. Compared with the rs13347CC genotype, CT carriers had a significant increase in AML susceptibility (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32-2.34), TT carriers had a further increased risk of AML (OR = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.69-4.21). Furthermore, our transient transfection assay and Western blot results demonstrated that the presence of rs13347T allele led to more CD44 expression. Yet, there exists no significant difference in genotype frequencies of the other four sites between cases and controls. Above findings suggest that rs13347C>T in 3'UTR of CD44 may be a genetic modifier for developing AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Wu
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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42
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Regeneration-associated WNT signaling is activated in long-term reconstituting AC133bright acute myeloid leukemia cells. Neoplasia 2013; 14:1236-48. [PMID: 23308055 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous clonal disorder characterized by two molecularly distinct self-renewing leukemic stem cell (LSC) populations most closely related to normal progenitors and organized as a hierarchy. A requirement for WNT/β-catenin signaling in the pathogenesis of AML has recently been suggested by a mouse model. However, its relationship to a specific molecular function promoting retention of self-renewing leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) in human remains elusive. To identify transcriptional programs involved in the maintenance of a self-renewing state in LICs, we performed the expression profiling in normal (n = 10) and leukemic (n = 33) human long-term reconstituting AC133(+) cells, which represent an expanded cell population in most AML patients. This study reveals the ligand-dependent WNT pathway activation in AC133(bright) AML cells and shows a diffuse expression and release of WNT10B, a hematopoietic stem cell regenerative-associated molecule. The establishment of a primary AC133(+) AML cell culture (A46) demonstrated that leukemia cells synthesize and secrete WNT ligands, increasing the levels of dephosphorylated β-catenin in vivo. We tested the LSC functional activity in AC133(+) cells and found significant levels of engraftment upon transplantation of A46 cells into irradiated Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice. Owing to the link between hematopoietic regeneration and developmental signaling, we transplanted A46 cells into developing zebrafish. This system revealed the formation of ectopic structures by activating dorsal organizer markers that act downstream of the WNT pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that AC133(bright) LSCs are promoted by misappropriating homeostatic WNT programs that control hematopoietic regeneration.
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43
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Pierce A, Whetton AD, Meyer S, Ravandi-Kashani F, Borthakur G, Coombes KR, Zhang N, Kornblau S. Transglutaminase 2 expression in acute myeloid leukemia: association with adhesion molecule expression and leukemic blast motility. Proteomics 2013; 13:2216-2224. [PMID: 23576428 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous disease with differential oncogene association, outcome and treatment regimens. Treatment strategies for AML have improved outcome but despite increased molecular biological information AML is still associated with poor prognosis. Proteomic analysis on the effects of a range of leukemogenic oncogenes showed that the protein transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is expressed at greater levels as a consequence of oncogenic transformation. Further analysis of this observation was performed with 511 AML samples using reverse phase proteomic arrays, demonstrating that TG2 expression was higher at relapse than diagnosis in many cases. In addition elevated TG2 expression correlated with increased expression of numerous adhesion proteins and many apoptosis regulating proteins, two processes related to leukemogenesis. TG2 has previously been linked to drug resistance in cancer and given the negative correlation between TG2 levels and peripheral blasts observed increased TG2 levels may lead to the protection of the leukemic stem cell due to increased adhesion/reduced motility. TG2 may therefore form part of a network of proteins that define poor outcome in AML patients and potentially offer a target to sensitize AML stem cells to drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pierce
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Farhad Ravandi-Kashani
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nianxiang Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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44
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Peled A, Tavor S. Role of CXCR4 in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. Theranostics 2013; 3:34-9. [PMID: 23382784 PMCID: PMC3563079 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) are important players involved in cross-talk between leukemia cells and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. CXCR4 expression is associated with poor prognosis in AML patients with and without the mutated FLT3 gene.CXCL12 which is constrictively secreted from the BM stroma and AML cells is critical for the survival and retention of AML cells within the BM. In vitro, CXCR4 antagonists were shown to inhibit the migration of AML cells in response to CXCL12. In addition, such antagonists were shown to inhibit the survival and colony forming potential of AML cells and abrogate the protective effects of stromal cells on chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in AML cells. In vivo, using immune deficient mouse models, CXCR4 antagonists were found to induce the mobilization of AML cells and progenitor cells into the circulation and enhance anti leukemic effects of chemotherapy. The hypothesis that CXCL12/CXCR4 interactions contribute to the resistance of AML cells to signal transduction inhibitor- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis is currently being tested in a series of Phase I/II studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Peled
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, P.O.B 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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45
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Bonardi F, Fusetti F, Deelen P, van Gosliga D, Vellenga E, Schuringa JJ. A proteomics and transcriptomics approach to identify leukemic stem cell (LSC) markers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 12:626-37. [PMID: 23233446 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.021931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and their niche are mediated by proteins within the plasma membrane (PM) and changes in these interactions might alter hematopoietic stem cell fate and ultimately result in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, using nano-LC/MS/MS, we set out to analyze the PM profile of two leukemia patient samples. We identified 867 and 610 unique CD34(+) PM (-associated) proteins in these AML samples respectively, including previously described proteins such as CD47, CD44, CD135, CD96, and ITGA5, but also novel ones like CD82, CD97, CD99, PTH2R, ESAM, MET, and ITGA6. Further validation by flow cytometry and functional studies indicated that long-term self-renewing leukemic stem cells reside within the CD34(+)/ITGA6(+) fraction, at least in a subset of AML cases. Furthermore, we combined proteomics with transcriptomics approaches using a large panel of AML CD34(+) (n = 60) and normal bone marrow CD34(+) (n = 40) samples. Thus, we identified eight subgroups of AML patients based on their specific PM expression profile. GSEA analysis revealed that these eight subgroups are enriched for specific cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonardi
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
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46
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Liesveld J. Targeting myelogenous leukemia stem cells: role of the circulation. Front Oncol 2012; 2:86. [PMID: 22876360 PMCID: PMC3410612 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike stem cells from solid tumors, the stem cells which initiate myelogenous leukemias arise in marrow, an organ with a unique circulation which allows ready access of leukemia cells, including leukemia stem cells (LSCs), to the vasculature. This poses unique problems in the targeting of LSCs since these cells are found circulating in the majority of leukemia cases at diagnosis and are usually not detectable during remission states. Because most cases of leukemia relapse, it is suggested that LSCs remain quiescent in the marrow until they eventually proliferate and circulate again. This indicates that effective targeting of LSCs must occur not only in peripheral circulation but in the micro-circulation of the marrow. Targeting such interactions may overcome cell adhesion-mediated treatment resistance, other multi-drug resistance mechanisms, and opportunities for clonal evolution in the marrow environment. Targeting selectins and integrins, signal transduction mediators, and chemokine/cytokine networks in the marrow micro-circulation may aid in abrogating leukemia-initiating stem cells which contribute to disease relapse. LSCs possess surface antigen profiles and signal transduction activation profiles which may allow differential targeting as compared with normal hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Liesveld
- Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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47
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Common signaling networks characterize leukemia-initiating cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 10:109-10. [PMID: 22305558 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification and characterization of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) is important to understand leukemogenesis and develop novel therapies for leukemia. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Gibbs et al. (2012) demonstrate that common active signaling pathways in LICs may be targeted to treat acute myeloid leukemia.
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48
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Becker PS. Dependence of acute myeloid leukemia on adhesion within the bone marrow microenvironment. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:856467. [PMID: 22346731 PMCID: PMC3259714 DOI: 10.1100/2012/856467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells home to the endosteal region of the bone marrow. They interact with bone marrow stromal components including extracellular matrix proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and stromal cells, by which they derive proliferative and growth inhibitory signals. Furthermore, adhesion to marrow stroma confers chemotherapy drug resistance and thereby promotes leukemia survival. A subpopulation of the leukemic blasts, known as leukemia stem cells, that are capable of propagating the leukemia, remain sheltered in the bone marrow microenvironment, exhibit resistance to chemotherapy, and serve as the origin of relapse after a variable period of remission. Detachment of these cells from the bone marrow in combination with chemotherapy may improve the outcome of therapy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Becker
- Division of Hematology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Campus Box 358056, 815 Mercer Street N415, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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49
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Sackstein R. The biology of CD44 and HCELL in hematopoiesis: the 'step 2-bypass pathway' and other emerging perspectives. Curr Opin Hematol 2011; 18:239-48. [PMID: 21546828 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e3283476140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The homing and egress of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to and from marrow, respectively, and the proliferation and differentiation of HSPCs within marrow are complex processes critically regulated by the ordered expression and function of adhesion molecules that direct key cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The integral membrane molecule CD44, known primarily for its role in binding hyaluronic acid, is characteristically expressed on HSPCs. Conspicuously, human HSPCs uniquely display a specialized glycoform of CD44 known as hematopoietic cell E-/L-selectin ligand (HCELL), which is the most potent ligand for both E-selectin and L-selectin expressed on human cells. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the biology of CD44 and HCELL in hematopoiesis. RECENT FINDINGS New data indicate that CD44-mediated events in hematopoiesis are more complex than previously imagined. Ex-vivo glycan engineering has established that HCELL serves as a 'bone marrow homing receptor'. Moreover, biochemical studies now show that CD44 forms bimolecular complexes with a variety of membrane proteins, one of which is VLA-4. Engagement of CD44 or of HCELL directly induces VLA-4 activation via G-protein-dependent signaling, triggering a 'step 2-bypass pathway' of cell migration, and extravascular lodgment, in absence of chemokine receptor engagement. SUMMARY Recent studies have further clarified the roles of CD44 and its glycoform HCELL in hematopoietic processes, providing key insights on how targeting these molecules may be beneficial in promoting hematopoiesis and in treating hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sackstein
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Ferretti E, Montagna D, Di Carlo E, Cocco C, Ribatti D, Ognio E, Sorrentino C, Lisini D, Bertaina A, Locatelli F, Pistoia V, Airoldi I. Absence of IL-12Rβ2 in CD33(+)CD38(+) pediatric acute myeloid leukemia cells favours progression in NOD/SCID/IL2RγC-deficient mice. Leukemia 2011; 26:225-35. [PMID: 21844875 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy in which tumor burden is continuously replenished by leukemic-initiating cells (ICs), which proliferate slowly and are refractory to chemotherapeutic agents. We investigated whether interleukin (IL)-12, an immuno-modulatory cytokine with anti-tumor activity, may target AML blasts (CD45(+)CD33(+)) and populations known to contain leukemia ICs (that is, CD34(+)CD38(-), CD33(+)CD38(+) and CD44(+)CD38(-) cells). We demonstrate for the first time that: i) AML blasts and their CD34(+)CD38(-), CD33(+)CD38(+), CD44(+)CD38(-) subsets express the heterodimeric IL-12 receptor (IL-12R), ii) AML cells injected subcutaneously into NOD/SCID/Il2rg(-/-) (NSG) mice developed a localized tumor mass containing leukemic ICs and blasts that were virtually eliminated by IL-12 treatment, iii) AML cells injected intravenously into NSG mice engrafted within the first month in the spleen, but not in bone marrow or peripheral blood. At this time, IL-12 dramatically dampened AML CD45(+)CD33(+), CD34(+)CD38(-), CD33(+)CD38(+) and CD44(+)CD38(-) populations, only sparing residual CD33(+)CD38(+) cells that did not express IL-12Rβ2. From 30 to 60 days after the initial inoculum, these IL-12-unresponsive cells expanded and metastasized in both control and IL-12-treated NSG mice. Our data indicate that the absence of IL-12Rβ2 in pediatric AML cells favours leukemia progression in NOD/SCID/IL2Rγc-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ferretti
- Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
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