1
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Gao Q, Zhan Y, Sun L, Zhu W. Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment in Tumor Drug Resistance. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2141-2154. [PMID: 37477773 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Although there has been some progress in the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs, drug resistance remains challenging. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewing and differentiate into cancer tissues with tumor heterogeneity. CSCs are associated with the progression of breast, colon, and lung cancers. Hence, recent studies have focused on the role of CSCs in resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Increasing evidence suggests that CSCs interact with components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as vascular and immune cells, as well as various cytokines, and are regulated by multiple signaling pathways, thereby promoting drug resistance in various cancers. Therefore, it is important to clarify the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between CSCs and the TME for the development of targeted anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhi Gao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yixiang Zhan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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2
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Hou J, Qian J, Li Z, Gong A, Zhong S, Qiao L, Qian S, Zhang Y, Dou R, Li R, Yang Y, Gu C. Bioactive Compounds from Abelmoschus manihot L. Alleviate the Progression of Multiple Myeloma in Mouse Model and Improve Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:959-973. [PMID: 32099399 PMCID: PMC6999766 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s235944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. (Malvaceae) derived Huangkui capsules (HKC) represent a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely applied to the clinical therapy of kidney and inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to determine the potential therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of the ingredients on Multiple Myeloma (MM), an incurable disease that exhibits malignant plasma cell clonal expansion in the bone marrow. Methods A 5TMM3VT syngeneic MM-prone model was established and treated with HKC. Murine pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 and pre-osteoclast Raw264.7 cells were treated with nine flavonoid compounds extracted from the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot. MC3T3-E1 and Raw264.7 cells were then examined by alizarin red staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity staining, respectively. The proliferation of two human MM cells (ARP1, H929) was examined by performing an MTT assay following treatment with flavonoid compounds. Additionally, the cell cycle was analyzed via staining and flow cytometry. The differential expressions of certain proteins were detected via Western blotting, transcriptomic RNA-sequencing as well as RT-qPCR. Results The results revealed that MM-prone animals appeared to be protected following HKC treatment, as evidenced by a prolonged survival rate. Furthermore, four of the nine flavonoid compounds [Hyperin/Hyperoside, HK-2; Cannabiscitrin, HK-3; 3-O-kaempferol-3-O-acetyl-6-O-(p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, HK-11; 8-(2’’-pyrrolidione-5’’-yl)-quercetin, HK-B10] induced the differentiation of murine pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, two compounds [Isomyricitrin, HK-8; quercetin-8-(2’’-pyrrolidione-5”-yl)-3ʹ-O-β-D-glucopyranosid, HK-E3] suppressed osteoclastogenesis in murine Raw264.7 cells. HK-11 directly inhibited MM cells (ARP1 and H929) proliferation and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, which may have involved the suppressing β-catenin protein, increasing expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as activating mature TGF-β1 and some other metabolic pathways. Conclusion These results of the present study indicated that the bio-active ingredients of HKC exerted protective effects on MM mouse survival through promoting osteoblastogenesis and suppressing osteoclastogenesis, thus improving the bone marrow microenvironment to inhibit MM cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Hou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixiu Gong
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixia Zhong
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qiao
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Qian
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Dou
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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3
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Janz S, Zhan F, Sun F, Cheng Y, Pisano M, Yang Y, Goldschmidt H, Hari P. Germline Risk Contribution to Genomic Instability in Multiple Myeloma. Front Genet 2019; 10:424. [PMID: 31139207 PMCID: PMC6518313 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability, a well-established hallmark of human cancer, is also a driving force in the natural history of multiple myeloma (MM) - a difficult to treat and in most cases fatal neoplasm of immunoglobulin producing plasma cells that reside in the hematopoietic bone marrow. Long recognized manifestations of genomic instability in myeloma at the cytogenetic level include abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy) caused by trisomy of odd-numbered chromosomes; recurrent oncogene-activating chromosomal translocations that involve immunoglobulin loci; and large-scale amplifications, inversions, and insertions/deletions (indels) of genetic material. Catastrophic genetic rearrangements that either shatter and illegitimately reassemble a single chromosome (chromotripsis) or lead to disordered segmental rearrangements of multiple chromosomes (chromoplexy) also occur. Genomic instability at the nucleotide level results in base substitution mutations and small indels that affect both the coding and non-coding genome. Sometimes this generates a distinctive signature of somatic mutations that can be attributed to defects in DNA repair pathways, the DNA damage response (DDR) or aberrant activity of mutator genes including members of the APOBEC family. In addition to myeloma development and progression, genomic instability promotes acquisition of drug resistance in patients with myeloma. Here we review recent findings on the genetic predisposition to myeloma, including newly identified candidate genes suggesting linkage of germline risk and compromised genomic stability control. The role of ethnic and familial risk factors for myeloma is highlighted. We address current research gaps that concern the lack of studies on the mechanism by which germline risk alleles promote genomic instability in myeloma, including the open question whether genetic modifiers of myeloma development act in tumor cells, the tumor microenvironment (TME), or in both. We conclude with a brief proposition for future research directions, which concentrate on the biological function of myeloma risk and genetic instability alleles, the potential links between the germline genome and somatic changes in myeloma, and the need to elucidate genetic modifiers in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Janz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Fumou Sun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Yan Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael Pisano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ye Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Ministry of Education's Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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4
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Gupta S, Jain A, Syed SN, Snodgrass RG, Pflüger-Müller B, Leisegang MS, Weigert A, Brandes RP, Ebersberger I, Brüne B, Namgaladze D. IL-6 augments IL-4-induced polarization of primary human macrophages through synergy of STAT3, STAT6 and BATF transcription factors. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1494110. [PMID: 30288360 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1494110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment respond to complex cytokine signals. How these responses shape the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is incompletely understood. Here we explored how cytokines of the tumor milieu, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-4, interact to influence target gene expression in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs). We show that dual stimulation with IL-4 and IL-6 synergistically modified gene expression. Among the synergistically induced genes are several targets with known pro-tumorigenic properties, such as CC-chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18), transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) or CD274 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)). We found that transcription factors of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family, STAT3 and STAT6 bind regulatory regions of synergistically induced genes in close vicinity. STAT3 and STAT6 co-binding further induces the basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF), which participates in synergistic induction of target gene expression. Functional analyses revealed increased MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 tumor cell motility in response to conditioned media from co-treated hMDMs compared to cells incubated with media from single cytokine-treated hMDMs. Flow cytometric analysis of T cell populations upon co-culture with hMDMs polarized by different cytokines indicated that dual stimulation promoted immunosuppressive properties of hMDMs in a PD-L1-dependent manner. Analysis of clinical data revealed increased expression of BATF together with TAM markers in tumor stroma of breast cancer patients as compared to normal breast tissue stroma. Collectively, our findings suggest that IL-4 and IL-6 cooperate to alter the human macrophage transcriptome, endowing hMDMs with pro-tumorigenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arpit Jain
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shahzad Nawaz Syed
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ryan G Snodgrass
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Beatrice Pflüger-Müller
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias S Leisegang
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt (BIK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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5
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Heo TH, Wahler J, Suh N. Potential therapeutic implications of IL-6/IL-6R/gp130-targeting agents in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15460-73. [PMID: 26840088 PMCID: PMC4941253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with known multiple functions in immune regulation, inflammation, and oncogenesis. Binding of IL-6 to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) induces homodimerization and recruitment of glycoprotein 130 (gp130), which leads to activation of downstream signaling. Emerging evidence suggests that high levels of IL-6 are correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. IL-6 appears to play a critical role in the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, renewal of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), and drug resistance of BCSCs, making anti-IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 therapies promising options for the treatment and prevention of breast cancers. However, preclinical and clinical studies of the applications of anti-IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 therapy in breast cancers are limited. In this review, we summarize the structures, preclinical and clinical studies, mechanisms of action of chemical and biological blockers that directly bind to IL-6, IL-6R, or gp130, and the potential clinical applications of these pharmacological agents as breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwe Heo
- NP512, Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph Wahler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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6
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Wolf I, Bouquet C, Melchers F. cDNA-library testing identifies transforming genes cooperating with c-myc in mouse pre-B cells. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2555-2565. [PMID: 27538750 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While c-myc often contributes to the generation of B cell transformation, its transgenic overexpression alone does not lead to full transformation of B-lineage cells. Synergistically acting second genes must cooperate. Here, we constructed doxycycline-inducible cDNA-libraries from pre-B cell mRNA. These libraries were retrovirally transduced as single copies into single cells and overexpressed in fetal-liver-derived c-myc-overexpressing pre-B cell lines. We scored transformation by survival and/or expansion of differentiating B-lineage cells in vitro and in vivo. Only one double c-myc/cDNA-library-expressing cell line was found in less than 5 × 106 library-transduced pre-B cells surviving and expressing a cDNA-library-derived transcript in vitro. This transcript was identified as a shortened form of the Exosc1 gene, encoding the RNA exosome complex component CSL4. Transplantations of double c-myc/Exosc1 short-form- or c-myc/Exosc1 full-length-transgenic cells into Rag1-/- mice resulted in survival, differentiation to CD19+ CD93- sIgM+ CD5low/- CD11b+ mature B1 cells and, surprisingly, also vigorous expansion in vivo. Strikingly, after transplantations of c-myc/cDNA-library pre-BI cells the frequencies of double-transgenic pre-B cells and their differentiated progeny, expanding in vivo to heterogeneous phenotypes, was at least tenfold higher than in vitro. In a first analysis Ptprcap, Cacybp, Ndufs7, Rpl18a, and Rpl35a were identified. This suggests a strong influence of the host on B-cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Wolf
- Max Planck Fellow Research Group, "Lymphocyte Development", Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Corinne Bouquet
- Max Planck Fellow Research Group, "Lymphocyte Development", Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Max Planck Fellow Research Group, "Lymphocyte Development", Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Transgenic mouse model of IgM + lymphoproliferative disease mimicking Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e488. [PMID: 27813533 PMCID: PMC5148059 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a low-grade incurable immunoglobulin M+ (IgM+) lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma for which a genetically engineered mouse model of de novo tumor development is lacking. On the basis of evidence that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL6), and the survival-enhancing oncoprotein, B cell leukemia 2 (BCL2), have critical roles in the natural history of WM, we hypothesized that the enforced expression of IL6 and BCL2 in mice unable to perform immunoglobulin class switch recombination may result in a lymphoproliferative disease that mimics WM. To evaluate this possibility, we generated compound transgenic BALB/c mice that harbored the human BCL2 and IL6 transgenes, EμSV-BCL2-22 and H2-Ld-hIL6, on the genetic background of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency. We designated these mice BCL2+IL6+AID- and found that they developed-with full genetic penetrance (100% incidence) and suitably short latency (93 days median survival)-a severe IgM+ lymphoproliferative disorder that recapitulated important features of human WM. However, the BCL2+IL6+AID- model also exhibited shortcomings, such as low serum IgM levels and histopathological changes not seen in patients with WM, collectively indicating that further refinements of the model are required to achieve better correlations with disease characteristics of WM.
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8
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Matthes T, Manfroi B, Huard B. Revisiting IL-6 antagonism in multiple myeloma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 105:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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9
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Rosean TR, Holman CJ, Tompkins VS, Jing X, Krasowski MD, Rose-John S, Janz S. KSHV-encoded vIL-6 collaborates with deregulated c-Myc to drive plasmablastic neoplasms in mice. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e398. [PMID: 26918362 PMCID: PMC4771969 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T R Rosean
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa (UI) Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - C J Holman
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa (UI) Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - V S Tompkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa (UI) Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - X Jing
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa (UI) Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M D Krasowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa (UI) Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - S Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Janz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa (UI) Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.,UI Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
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10
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TGF-α and IL-6 plasma levels selectively identify CML patients who fail to achieve an early molecular response or progress in the first year of therapy. Leukemia 2016; 30:1263-72. [PMID: 26898188 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early molecular response (EMR, BCR-ABL1 (IS)⩽10% at 3 months) is a strong predictor of outcome in imatinib-treated chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) patients, but for patients who transform early, 3 months may be too late for effective therapeutic intervention. Here, we employed multiplex cytokine profiling of plasma samples to test newly diagnosed CP-CML patients who subsequently received imatinib treatment. A wide range of pro-inflammatory and angiogenesis-promoting cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were elevated in the plasma of CML patients compared with that of healthy donors. Most of these normalized after tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment while others remained high in remission samples. Importantly, we identified TGF-α and IL-6 as novel biomarkers with high diagnostic plasma levels strongly predictive of subsequent failure to achieve EMR and deep molecular response, as well as transformation to blast crisis and event-free survival. Interestingly, high TGF-α alone can also delineate a poor response group raising the possibility of a pathogenic role. This suggests that the incorporation of these simple measurements to the diagnostic work-up of CP-CML patients may enable therapy intensity to be individualized early according to the cytokine-risk profile of the patient.
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11
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Lin WW, Yi Z, Stunz LL, Maine CJ, Sherman LA, Bishop GA. The adaptor protein TRAF3 inhibits interleukin-6 receptor signaling in B cells to limit plasma cell development. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra88. [PMID: 26329582 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa5157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is an adaptor protein that inhibits signaling by CD40 and by the receptor for B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and negatively regulates homeostatic B cell survival. Loss-of-function mutations in TRAF3 are associated with human B cell malignancies, in particular multiple myeloma. The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) supports the differentiation and survival of normal and neoplastic plasma cells. We found that mice with a deficiency in TRAF3 specifically in B cells (B-Traf3(-/-) mice) had about twice as many plasma cells as did their littermate controls. TRAF3-deficient B cells had enhanced responsiveness to IL-6, and genetic loss of IL-6 in B-Traf3(-/-) mice restored their plasma cell numbers to normal. TRAF3 inhibited IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-mediated signaling by facilitating the association of PTPN22 (a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase) with the kinase Janus-activated kinase 1 (Jak1), which in turn blocked phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). Consistent with these results, the number of plasma cells in the PTPN22-deficient mice was increased compared to that in the wild-type mice. Our findings identify TRAF3 and PTPN22 as inhibitors of IL-6R signaling in B cells and reveal a previously uncharacterized role for TRAF3 in the regulation of plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai W Lin
- Graduate Immunology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zuoan Yi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laura L Stunz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Christian J Maine
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linda A Sherman
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Graduate Immunology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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12
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Ho LJ, Luo SF, Lai JH. Biological effects of interleukin-6: Clinical applications in autoimmune diseases and cancers. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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13
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Matsuo K, Hasegawa K, Yoshino K, Murakami R, Hisamatsu T, Stone RL, Previs RA, Hansen JM, Ikeda Y, Miyara A, Hiramatsu K, Enomoto T, Fujiwara K, Matsumura N, Konishi I, Roman LD, Gabra H, Fotopoulou C, Sood AK. Venous thromboembolism, interleukin-6 and survival outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:1978-88. [PMID: 26238017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared survival outcomes and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients with advanced and early-stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC), as well as potential links with interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. METHODS A multicenter case-control study was conducted in 370 patients with OCCC and 938 with SOC. In a subset of 200 cases, pretreatment plasma IL-6 levels were examined. FINDINGS Patients with advanced OCCC had the highest 2-year cumulative VTE rates (advanced OCCC 43.1%, advanced SOC 16.2%, early-stage OCCC 11.9% and early-stage SOC 6.4%, P<0.0001) and the highest median levels of IL-6 (advanced OCCC 17.8 pg/mL, advanced SOC 9.0 pg/mL, early-stage OCCC 4.2 pg/mL and early-stage SOC 5.0 pg/mL, P=0.006). Advanced OCCC (hazard ratio [HR] 3.38, P<0.0001), thrombocytosis (HR 1.42, P=0.032) and elevated IL-6 (HR 8.90, P=0.046) were independent predictors of VTE. In multivariate analysis, patients with advanced OCCC had significantly poorer 5-year progression-free and overall survival rates than those with advanced SOC (P<0.01), and thrombocytosis was an independent predictor of decreased survival outcomes (P<0.01). Elevated IL-6 levels led to poorer 2-year progression-free survival rates in patients with OCCC (50% versus 87.5%, HR 4.89, P=0.016) than in those with SOC (24.9% versus 40.8%, HR 1.40, P=0.07). INTERPRETATION Advanced OCCC is associated with an increased incidence of VTE and decreased survival outcomes, which has major implications for clinical management of OCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Murakami
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hisamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca L Stone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A Previs
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jean M Hansen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hiramatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Konishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lynda D Roman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Matthes T, Manfroi B, Zeller A, Dunand-Sauthier I, Bogen B, Huard B. Autocrine amplification of immature myeloid cells by IL-6 in multiple myeloma-infiltrated bone marrow. Leukemia 2015; 29:1882-90. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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