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Liu F, Chen J, Li K, Li H, Zhu Y, Zhai Y, Lu B, Fan Y, Liu Z, Chen X, Jia X, Dong Z, Liu K. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination in cancer: from mechanisms to novel therapeutic approaches. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:148. [PMID: 39048965 PMCID: PMC11270804 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a pivotal posttranslational modification of proteins, plays a fundamental role in regulating protein stability. The dysregulation of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes is a common feature in various cancers, underscoring the imperative to investigate ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) for insights into oncogenic processes and the development of therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the contributions of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in all hallmarks of cancer and progress in drug discovery. We delve into the multiple functions of the UPS in oncology, including its regulation of multiple cancer-associated pathways, its role in metabolic reprogramming, its engagement with tumor immune responses, its function in phenotypic plasticity and polymorphic microbiomes, and other essential cellular functions. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of novel anticancer strategies that leverage the UPS, including the development and application of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, School of Third Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of First Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Haochen Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of First Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of First Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yubo Zhai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Bingbing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yanle Fan
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Ziyue Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xuechao Jia
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Jing) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zigang Dong
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Alhasan BA, Morozov AV, Guzhova IV, Margulis BA. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in the regulation of tumor dormancy and recurrence. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189119. [PMID: 38761982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence is a mechanism triggered in sparse populations of cancer cells that usually remain in a quiescent state after strict stress and/or therapeutic factors, which is affected by a variety of autocrine and microenvironmental cues. Despite thorough investigations, the biology of dormant and/or cancer stem cells is still not fully elucidated, as for the mechanisms of their reawakening, while only the major molecular patterns driving the relapse process have been identified to date. These molecular patterns profoundly interfere with the elements of cellular proteostasis systems that support the efficiency of the recurrence process. As a major proteostasis machinery, we review the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in tumor cell dormancy and reawakening, devoting particular attention to the functions of its components, E3 ligases, deubiquitinating enzymes and proteasomes in cancer recurrence. We demonstrate how UPS components functionally or mechanistically interact with the pivotal proteins implicated in the recurrence program and reveal that modulators of the UPS hold promise to become an efficient adjuvant therapy for eradicating refractory tumor cells to impede tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar A Alhasan
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Morozov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina V Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Boris A Margulis
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Song L, Nguyen V, Xie J, Jia S, Chang CJ, Uchio E, Zi X. ATPase Copper Transporting Beta (ATP7B) Is a Novel Target for Improving the Therapeutic Efficacy of Docetaxel by Disulfiram/Copper in Human Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:854-863. [PMID: 38417139 PMCID: PMC11150099 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Docetaxel has been the standard first-line chemotherapy for lethal metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) since 2004, but resistance to docetaxel treatment is common. The molecular mechanisms of docetaxel resistance remain largely unknown and could be amenable to interventions that mitigate resistance. We have recently discovered that several docetaxel-resistant mPCa cell lines exhibit lower uptake of cellular copper and uniquely express higher levels of a copper exporter protein ATP7B. Knockdown of ATP7B by silencing RNAs (siRNA) sensitized docetaxel-resistant mPCa cells to the growth-inhibitory and apoptotic effects of docetaxel. Importantly, deletions of ATP7B in human mPCa tissues predict significantly better survival of patients after their first chemotherapy than those with wild-type ATP7B (P = 0.0006). In addition, disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence, in combination with copper, significantly enhanced the in vivo antitumor effects of docetaxel in a docetaxel-resistant xenograft tumor model. Our analyses also revealed that DSF and copper engaged with ATP7B to decrease protein levels of COMM domain-containing protein 1 (COMMD1), S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), and clusterin and markedly increase protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21/WAF1). Taken together, our results indicate a copper-dependent nutrient vulnerability through ATP7B exporter in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer for improving the therapeutic efficacy of docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liankun Song
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Vyvyan Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Shang Jia
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Edward Uchio
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
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Rong Z, Zheng K, Chen J, Jin X. The cross talk of ubiquitination and chemotherapy tolerance in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:154. [PMID: 38521878 PMCID: PMC10960765 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a highly adaptable post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis, encompassing cancer chemoresistance-associated proteins. Recent findings have indicated a potential correlation between perturbations in the ubiquitination process and the emergence of drug resistance in CRC cancer. Consequently, numerous studies have spurred the advancement of compounds specifically designed to target ubiquitinates, offering promising prospects for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight the role of ubiquitination enzymes associated with chemoresistance to chemotherapy via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell cycle perturbation. In addition, we summarize the application and role of small compounds that target ubiquitination enzymes for CRC treatment, along with the significance of targeting ubiquitination enzymes as potential cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Rong
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Kaifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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William JNG, Dhar R, Gundamaraju R, Sahoo OS, Pethusamy K, Raj AFPAM, Ramasamy S, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Karmakar S. SKping cell cycle regulation: role of ubiquitin ligase SKP2 in hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1288501. [PMID: 38559562 PMCID: PMC10978726 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1288501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) is a member of the F-box family of substrate-recognition subunits in the SCF ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. It is associated with ubiquitin-mediated degradation in the mammalian cell cycle components and other target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and transcription. Being an oncogene in solid tumors and hematological malignancies, it is frequently associated with drug resistance and poor disease outcomes. In the current review, we discussed the novel role of SKP2 in different hematological malignancies. Further, we performed a limited in-silico analysis to establish the involvement of SKP2 in a few publicly available cancer datasets. Interestingly, our study identified Skp2 expression to be altered in a cancer-specific manner. While it was found to be overexpressed in several cancer types, few cancer showed a down-regulation in SKP2. Our review provides evidence for developing novel SKP2 inhibitors in hematological malignancies. We also investigated the effect of SKP2 status on survival and disease progression. In addition, the role of miRNA and its associated families in regulating Skp2 expression was explored. Subsequently, we predicted common miRNAs against Skp2 genes by using miRNA-predication tools. Finally, we discussed current approaches and future prospective approaches to target the Skp2 gene by using different drugs and miRNA-based therapeutics applications in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonahunnatha Nesson George William
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), Ageing Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Intestinal Mucosal Biology Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subbiah Ramasamy
- Cardiac Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Department Of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Feng T, Wang P, Zhang X. Skp2: A critical molecule for ubiquitination and its role in cancer. Life Sci 2024; 338:122409. [PMID: 38184273 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a multi-step process that serves as the primary pathway for protein degradation within cells. UPS activity also plays a crucial role in regulating various life processes, including the cell cycle, signal transduction, DNA repair, and others. The F-box protein Skp2, a crucial member of the UPS, plays a central role in the development of various diseases. Skp2 controls cancer cell growth and drug resistance by ubiquitinating modifications to a variety of proteins. This review emphasizes the multifaceted role of Skp2 in a wide range of cancers and the mechanisms involved, highlighting the potential of Skp2 as a therapeutic target in cancer. Additionally, we describe the impactful influence exerted by Skp2 in various other diseases beyond cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Feng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Urology, Shenyang 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Research for Bladder Diseases, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Urology, Shenyang 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Research for Bladder Diseases, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiling Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Urology, Shenyang 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Research for Bladder Diseases, Shenyang 110000, China.
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Basu B, Kal S, Karmakar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. E3 ubiquitin ligases in lung cancer: Emerging insights and therapeutic opportunities. Life Sci 2024; 336:122333. [PMID: 38061537 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim In this review, we have attempted to provide the readers with an updated account of the role of a family of proteins known as E3 ligases in different aspects of lung cancer progression, along with insights into the deregulation of expression of these proteins during lung cancer. A detailed account of the therapeutic strategies involving E3 ligases that have been developed or currently under development has also been provided in this review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review article employs extensive literature search, along with differential gene expression analysis of lung cancer associated E3 ligases using the DESeq2 package in R, and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/). Protein expression analysis of CPTAC lung cancer samples was carried out using the UALCAN webtool (https://ualcan.path.uab.edu/index.html). Assessment of patient overall survival (OS) in response to high and low expression of selected E3 ligases was performed using the online Kaplan-Meier plotter (https://kmplot.com/analysis/index.php?p=background). KEY FINDINGS: SIGNIFICANCE: The review provides an in-depth understanding of the role of E3 ligases in lung cancer progression and an up-to-date account of the different therapeutic strategies targeting oncogenic E3 ligases for improved lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Basu
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Satadeepa Kal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24 Parganas, PIN -743372, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Yang ZY, Zhao YW, Xue JR, Guo R, Zhao Z, Liu HD, Ren ZG, Shi M. Thioridazine reverses trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer by inhibiting S-phase kinase associated protein 2-mediated aerobic glycolysis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5974-5987. [PMID: 38130998 PMCID: PMC10731152 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i45.5974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trastuzumab constitutes the fundamental component of initial therapy for patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive gastric cancer (GC). However, the efficacy of this treatment is hindered by substantial challenges associated with both primary and acquired drug resistance. While S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2) overexpression has been implicated in the malignant progression of GC, its role in regulating trastuzumab resistance in this context remains uncertain. Despite the numerous studies investigating Skp2 inhibitors among small molecule compounds and natural products, there has been a lack of successful commercialization of drugs specifically targeting Skp2. AIM To discover a Skp2 blocker among currently available medications and develop a therapeutic strategy for HER2-positive GC patients who have experienced progression following trastuzumab-based treatment. METHODS Skp2 exogenous overexpression plasmids and small interfering RNA vectors were utilized to investigate the correlation between Skp2 expression and trastuzumab resistance in GC cells. Q-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the regulatory effect of thioridazine on Skp2 expression. A cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, a amplex red glucose/glucose oxidase assay kit, and a lactate assay kit were utilized to measure the proliferation, apoptosis, and glycolytic activity of GC cells in vitro. A xenograft model established with human GC in nude mice was used to assess thioridazine's effectiveness in vivo. RESULTS The expression of Skp2 exhibited a negative correlation with the sensitivity of HER2-positive GC cells to trastuzumab. Thioridazine demonstrated the ability to directly bind to Skp2, resulting in a reduction in Skp2 expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, thioridazine effectively inhibited cell proliferation, exhibited antiapoptotic properties, and decreased the glucose uptake rate and lactate production by suppressing Skp2/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/glucose transporter type 1 signaling pathways. The combination of thioridazine with either trastuzumab or lapatinib exhibited a more pronounced anticancer effect in vivo, surpassing the efficacy of either monotherapy. CONCLUSION Thioridazine demonstrates promising outcomes in preclinical GC models and offers a novel therapeutic approach for addressing trastuzumab resistance, particularly when used in conjunction with lapatinib. This compound has potential benefits for patients with Skp2-proficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yan Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi-Wei Zhao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing-Rui Xue
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Ran Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Henan University-affiliated Zhengzhou Yihe Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Han-Di Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Resources Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhou H, Zhou L, Guan Q, Hou X, Wang C, Liu L, Wang J, Yu X, Li W, Liu H. Skp2-mediated MLKL degradation confers cisplatin-resistant in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:805. [PMID: 37532777 PMCID: PMC10397346 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Chemotherapeutic resistance is a major obstacle in treating NSCLC patients. Here, we discovered that the E3 ligase Skp2 is overexpressed, accompanied by the downregulation of necroptosis-related regulator MLKL in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of Skp2 inhibited viability, anchorage-independent growth, and in vivo tumor development of NSCLC cells. We also found that the Skp2 protein is negatively correlated with MLKL in NSCLC tissues. Moreover, Skp2 is increased and accompanied by an upregulation of MLKL ubiquitination and degradation in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells. Accordingly, inhibition of Skp2 partially restores MLKL and sensitizes NSCLC cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Skp2 interacts and promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of MLKL in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells. Our results provide evidence of an Skp2-dependent mechanism regulating MLKL degradation and cisplatin resistance, suggesting that targeting Skp2-ubiquitinated MLKL degradation may overcome NSCLC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuyang Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Haidan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Zou Q, Liu M, Liu K, Zhang Y, North BJ, Wang B. E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer stem cells: key regulators of cancer hallmarks and novel therapeutic opportunities. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:545-570. [PMID: 36745329 PMCID: PMC10910623 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human malignancies are composed of heterogeneous subpopulations of cancer cells with phenotypic and functional diversity. Among them, a unique subset of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has both the capacity for self-renewal and the potential to differentiate and contribute to multiple tumor properties. As such, CSCs are promising cellular targets for effective cancer therapy. At the molecular level, hyper-activation of multiple stemness regulatory signaling pathways and downstream transcription factors play critical roles in controlling CSCs establishment and maintenance. To regulate CSC properties, these stemness pathways are controlled by post-translational modifications including, but not limited to phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination. CONCLUSION In this review, we focus on E3 ubiquitin ligases and their roles and mechanisms in regulating essential hallmarks of CSCs, such as self-renewal, invasion and metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. Moreover, we discuss emerging therapeutic approaches to eliminate CSCs through targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases by chemical inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTACs) which are currently under development at the discovery, preclinical, and clinical stages. Several outstanding issues such as roles for E3 ubiquitin ligases in heterogeneity and phenotypical/functional evolution of CSCs remain to be studied under pathologically and clinically relevant conditions. With the rapid application of functional genomic and proteomic approaches at single cell, spatiotemporal, and even single molecule levels, we anticipate that more specific and precise functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases will be delineated in dictating CSC properties. Rational design and proper translation of these mechanistic understandings may lead to novel therapeutic modalities for cancer procession medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Brian J North
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Ren L, Xu B, Xu J, Li J, Jiang J, Ren Y, Liu P. A Machine Learning Model to Predict Survival and Therapeutic Responses in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076683. [PMID: 37047654 PMCID: PMC10095137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous hematologic tumor. Ubiquitin proteasome pathways (UPP) play a vital role in its initiation and development. We used cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) to select ubiquitin proteasome pathway associated genes (UPPGs) correlated with the overall survival (OS) of MM patients in a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, and we formed this into ubiquitin proteasome pathway risk score (UPPRS). The association between clinical outcomes and responses triggered by proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and UPPRS were evaluated. MMRF CoMMpass was used for validation. We applied machine learning algorithms to MM clinical and UPPRS in the whole cohort to make a prognostic nomogram. Single-cell data and vitro experiments were performed to unravel the mechanism and functions of UPPRS. UPPRS consisting of 9 genes showed a strong ability to predict OS in MM patients. Additionally, UPPRS can be used to sort out the patients who would gain more benefits from PIs. A machine learning model incorporating UPPRS and International Staging System (ISS) improved survival prediction in both datasets compared to the revisions of ISS. At the single-cell level, high-risk UPPRS myeloma cells exhibited increased cell adhesion. Targeted UPPGs effectively inhibited myeloma cells in vitro. The UPP genes risk score is a helpful tool for risk stratification in MM patients, particularly those treated with PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ren
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiadai Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jifeng Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Sampson C, Wang Q, Otkur W, Zhao H, Lu Y, Liu X, Piao H. The roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer progression and targeted therapy. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1204. [PMID: 36881608 PMCID: PMC9991012 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the most important post-translational modifications which plays a significant role in conserving the homeostasis of cellular proteins. In the ubiquitination process, ubiquitin is conjugated to target protein substrates for degradation, translocation or activation, dysregulation of which is linked to several diseases including various types of cancers. E3 ubiquitin ligases are regarded as the most influential ubiquitin enzyme owing to their ability to select, bind and recruit target substrates for ubiquitination. In particular, E3 ligases are pivotal in the cancer hallmarks pathways where they serve as tumour promoters or suppressors. The specificity of E3 ligases coupled with their implication in cancer hallmarks engendered the development of compounds that specifically target E3 ligases for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight the role of E3 ligases in cancer hallmarks such as sustained proliferation via cell cycle progression, immune evasion and tumour promoting inflammation, and in the evasion of apoptosis. In addition, we summarise the application and the role of small compounds that target E3 ligases for cancer treatment along with the significance of targeting E3 ligases as potential cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuzo Sampson
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiuping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Wuxiyar Otkur
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of OrthopedicsDalian Second People's HospitalDalianChina
| | - Yun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- Department of StomatologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Hai‐long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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13
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You G, Zhou C, Wang L, Liu Z, Fang H, Yao X, Zhang X. COMMD proteins function and their regulating roles in tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1067234. [PMID: 36776284 PMCID: PMC9910083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1067234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COMMD proteins are a highly conserved protein family with ten members that play a crucial role in a variety of biological activities, including copper metabolism, endosomal sorting, ion transport, and other processes. Recent research have demonstrated that the COMMD proteins are closely associated with a wide range of disorders, such as hepatitis, myocardial ischemia, cerebral ischemia, HIV infection, and cancer. Among these, the role of COMMD proteins in tumors has been thoroughly explored; they promote or inhibit cancers such as lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, and prostate cancer. COMMD proteins can influence tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis, which are strongly related to the prognosis of tumors and are possible therapeutic targets for treating tumors. In terms of molecular mechanism, COMMD proteins in tumor cells regulate the oncogenes of NF-κB, HIF, c-MYC, and others, and are related to signaling pathways including apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. For the clinical diagnosis and therapy of malignancies, additional research into the involvement of COMMD proteins in cancer is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqiang You
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of General Affairs, First Hospital of Jilin University (the Eastern Division), Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zefeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxao Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoxao Yao, ; Xuewen Zhang,
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoxao Yao, ; Xuewen Zhang,
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14
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Nguyen MT, Hoang MT, Bui HTT. Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Value of S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 2. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2023.11212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 2 (SKP2) is essential in modulating metabolism processes, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis DUE to its capacity to ubiquitinate and degrade various tumor-suppressive substrates. However, the actual biological and mechanism significance of SKP2 in the development of tumors and as a possible therapeutic target remains to be completely understood.
AIM: This study aimed to explore the potential roles of the SKP2 gene in the oncologic pathogenesis of various cancers through an in-depth pan-cancer analysis including gene expression assessment, survival analysis, genetic alteration, and enrichment analysis.
METHODS: Public databases including the Cancer Genome Atlas database, Genotype-Tissue Expression Project database, cBioPortal database, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 database, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource version 2.0 database, and STRING database were used to detect the SKP2 expression, molecular mechanism, and its association with the prognosis across pan-cancer.
RESULTS: SKP2 was significantly highly expressed in most types of cancers and was substantially correlated to the poor survival of patients with specific cancers based on the log-rank test. SKP2 had the highest frequency of alteration in lung cancer and amplification was the most common genetic alteration type. Finally, SKP2-related genes were identified and enrichment analyses were conducted.
CONCLUSION: This study presented the first demonstration of the pan-cancer landscape of abnormal SKP2 expression, it could potentially serve as a predictive indicator and prospective therapeutic target.
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15
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Jing J, Rui L, Junyuan S, Jinfeng Y, Zhihao H, Weiguo L, Zhenyu J. Small-molecule compounds inhibiting S-phase kinase-associated protein 2: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1122008. [PMID: 37089937 PMCID: PMC10113621 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1122008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is a substrate-specific adaptor in Skp1-CUL1-ROC1-F-box E3 ubiquitin ligases and widely regarded as an oncogene. Therefore, Skp2 has remained as an active anticancer research topic since its discovery. Accordingly, the structure of Skp2 has been solved and numerous Skp2 inhibiting compounds have been identified. In this review, we would describe the structural features of Skp2, introduce the ubiquitination function of SCFSkp2, and summarize the diverse natural and synthetic Skp2 inhibiting compounds reported to date. The IC50 data of the Skp2 inhibitors or inhibiting compounds in various kinds of tumors at cellular levels implied that the cancer type, stage and pathological mechanisms should be taken into consideration when selecting Skp2-inhibiting compound for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jing
- Schools of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Rui
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sun Junyuan
- Schools of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Jinfeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Zhihao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lu Weiguo
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Women′s Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Weiguo, ; Jia Zhenyu,
| | - Jia Zhenyu
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Weiguo, ; Jia Zhenyu,
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16
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Zhou P, Xiao M, Li W, Sun X, Bai Y, Meng F, Zhu Z, Yuan W, Sun K. SHP2 Inhibitors Show Anti-Myeloma Activity and Synergize With Bortezomib in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:841308. [PMID: 35462913 PMCID: PMC9019471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that remains incurable. The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is a central node regulating RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and proteasome inhibitor (PI) resistance of MM. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that SHP2 inhibitors exerted antitumor activity in cancer-harboring diverse mutations in the RAS pathway, offering the potential for targeting myeloma. In this study, we showed that pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 activity using SHP099 and RMC-4550 efficiently inhibited the proliferation of MM cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. As per the mechanism, SHP2 inhibitors activated the level of cleaved caspase3, BAK, and P21 and downregulated ERK phosphorylation in MM cells. Moreover, the blockade of SHP2 exhibited anti-myeloma effect in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. In addition, SHP2 inhibitors synergized the antineoplastic effect of bortezomib in bortezomib-sensitive MM cells and showed identical efficacy in targeting bortezomib-resistant MM cells. Overall, our findings suggest that SHP2-specific inhibitors trigger anti-myeloma activity in vitro and in vivo by regulating the ERK pathway and enhancing cytotoxicity of bortezomib, providing therapeutic benefits for both bortezomib naïve and resistant MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiya Li
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanliang Bai
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feiying Meng
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zunmin Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Mo C, Xie L, Chen C, Ma J, Huang Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Peng H, Chen Z, Mao R. The Clinical Significance and Potential Molecular Mechanism of Upregulated CDC28 Protein Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1B in Osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:7228584. [PMID: 34925510 PMCID: PMC8683182 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7228584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDC28 Protein Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1B (CKS1B) is a member of cyclin-dependent kinase subfamily and the relationship between CKS1B and osteosarcoma (OS) remains to be explored. METHODS 80 OS and 41 nontumor tissue samples were arranged to conduct immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate CKS1B expression between OS and nontumor samples. The standard mean deviation (SMD) was calculated based on in-house IHC and tissue microarrays and exterior high-throughput datasets for further verification of CKS1B expression in OS. The effect of CKS1B expression on clinicopathological and overall survival of OS patients was measured through public high-throughput datasets, and analysis of immune infiltration and single-cell RNA-seq was applied to ascertain molecular mechanism of CKS1B in OS. RESULTS A total of 197 OS samples and 83 nontumor samples (including tissue and cell line) were obtained from in-house IHC, microarrays, and exterior high-throughput datasets. The analysis of integrated expression status demonstrated upregulation of CKS1B in OS (SMD = 1.38, 95% CI [0.52-2.25]) and the significant power of CKS1B expression in distinguishing OS samples from nontumor samples (Area under the Curve (AUC) = 0.89, 95% CI [0.86-0.91]). Clinicopathological and prognosis analysis indicated no remarkable significance but inference of immune infiltration and single-cell RNA-seq prompted that OS patients with overexpressed CKS1B were more likely to suffer OS metastasis while MYC Protooncogene may be the upstream regulon of CKS1B in proliferating osteoblastic OS cells. CONCLUSIONS In this study, sufficient evidence was provided for upregulation of CKS1B in OS. The advanced effect of CKS1B on OS progression indicates a foreground of CKS1B as a biomarker for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Mo
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Le Xie
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wuzhou Res Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 543100, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yingxin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Yanxing Wu
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Huizhi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Zengwei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Rongjun Mao
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
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Ye P, Chi X, Cha JH, Luo S, Yang G, Yan X, Yang WH. Potential of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Cancer Immunity: Opportunities and Challenges. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123309. [PMID: 34943817 PMCID: PMC8699390 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune pathway–targeted therapies, are promising clinical strategies for treating cancer. However, drug resistance and adverse reactions remain the main challenges for immunotherapy management. The future direction of immunotherapy is mainly to reduce side effects and improve the treatment response rate by finding new targets and new methods of combination therapy. Ubiquitination plays a crucial role in regulating the degradation of immune checkpoints and the activation of immune-related pathways. Some drugs that target E3 ubiquitin ligases have exhibited beneficial effects in preclinical and clinical antitumor treatments. In this review, we discuss mechanisms through which E3 ligases regulate tumor immune checkpoints and immune-related pathways as well as the opportunities and challenges for integrating E3 ligases targeting drugs into cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxia Chi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Shahang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guanghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (W.-H.Y.)
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (W.-H.Y.)
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He D, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Hong M, Yu X, Wei S, Fan X, Li S, Wang Q, Lu Y, Liu Y. Phytochemical library screening reveals betulinic acid as a novel Skp2-SCF E3 ligase inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3218-3232. [PMID: 34080260 PMCID: PMC8353894 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skp2 is overexpressed in multiple cancers and plays a critical role in tumor development through ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation of its substrate proteins. Drugs targeting Skp2 have exhibited promising anticancer activity. Here, we identified a plant-derived Skp2 inhibitor, betulinic acid (BA), via high-throughput structure-based virtual screening of a phytochemical library. BA significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through targeting Skp2-SCF E3 ligase both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, BA binding to Skp2, especially forming H-bonds with residue Lys145, decreases its stability by disrupting Skp1-Skp2 interactions, thereby inhibiting the Skp2-SCF E3 ligase and promoting the accumulation of its substrates; that is, E-cadherin and p27. In both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenografts, BA significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC through targeting Skp2-SCF E3 ligase and upregulating p27 and E-cadherin protein levels. Taken together, BA can be considered a valuable therapeutic candidate to inhibit metastasis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐Hua He
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyScience and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resources Science and EngineeringSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from LingnanMinistry of EducationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Fei Chen
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyScience and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resources Science and EngineeringSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from LingnanMinistry of EducationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi‐Le Zhou
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyScience and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Bing Zhang
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyScience and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Ming Hong
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyScience and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences and Biomedical Research InstituteHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Su‐Fen Wei
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyScience and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiang‐Zhen Fan
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyScience and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Si‐Yi Li
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyScience and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyScience and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yongzhi Lu
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yong‐Qiang Liu
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyScience and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resources Science and EngineeringSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from LingnanMinistry of EducationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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Zeng J, Xiao XQ, Zhou ZY. A Hypoxia-Induced SCFFBXL1 E3 Ligase Ubiquitinates and Degrades the MEN1 Tumor Suppressor to Promote Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:525-540. [PMID: 34237211 PMCID: PMC9016320 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emerging evidence has shown that SKP1-cullin-1-F-box-protein (SCF) E3 ligases contribute to the pathogenesis of different cancers by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of tumor suppressors. However, the functions of SCF E3 ligases in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain obscure. Materials and Methods The cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues from CRC patients were collected, and protein levels were analyzed. Lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and plasmid transfection were used to knock down and overexpress gene expression in CRC cell lines. Immunoprecipitation (IP), mass spectrometry, and co-IP analyses were used to determine protein interactions and the assembly of the SCF complex. Cell proliferation, migration, and tumor xenograft assays were performed to examine the effects of SCF members on CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Results Hypoxia activated the docking of HIF1a onto the CUL1 promoter and induced CUL1 expression in CRC cells. CUL1 coupled with RBX1, SKP1, and FBXL1 to assemble the SCFFBXL1 complex in CRC biopsies and cells. The SCFFBXL1 E3 ligase specifically ubiquitinated and degraded the MEN1 tumor suppressor. Knockdown of HIF1a or SCFFBXL1 members, or blockage of SCFFBXL1 by two inhibitors (DT204 and SZLP1-41) caused the accumulation of MEN1 protein and led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion The SCFFBXL1 E3 ligase is required for the ubiquitination of MEN1, and disruption of this complex may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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21
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Sun XX, Li Y, Sears RC, Dai MS. Targeting the MYC Ubiquitination-Proteasome Degradation Pathway for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679445. [PMID: 34178666 PMCID: PMC8226175 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated MYC overexpression and activation contributes to tumor growth and progression. Given the short half-life and unstable nature of the MYC protein, it is not surprising that the oncoprotein is highly regulated via diverse posttranslational mechanisms. Among them, ubiquitination dynamically controls the levels and activity of MYC during normal cell growth and homeostasis, whereas the disturbance of the ubiquitination/deubiquitination balance enables unwanted MYC stabilization and activation. In addition, MYC is also regulated by SUMOylation which crosstalks with the ubiquitination pathway and controls MYC protein stability and activity. In this mini-review, we will summarize current updates regarding MYC ubiquitination and provide perspectives about these MYC regulators as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Sun
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mu-Shui Dai
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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22
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Albayrak E, Uslu M, Akgol S, Tuysuz EC, Kocabas F. Small molecule-mediated modulation of ubiquitination and neddylation improves HSC function ex vivo. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8122-8136. [PMID: 34101829 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are particularly characterized by their quiescence and self-renewal. Cell cycle regulators tightly control quiescence and self-renewal capacity. Studies suggest that modulation of ubiquitination and neddylation could contribute to HSC function via cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is responsible for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of CDKIs. Here, we modulated overall neddylation and SKP2-associated ubiquitination in HSCs by using SKP2-C25, an SKP2 inhibitor, and MLN4924 (Pevonedistat) as an inhibitor of the NEDD8 system. Treatments of SKP2-C25 and MLN4924 increased both murine and human stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartments. This is associated with the improved quiescence of murine HSC by upregulation of p27 and p57 CDKIs. A colony-forming unit assay showed an enhanced in vitro self-renewal potential post inhibition of ubiquitination and neddylation. In addition, MLN4924 triggered the mobilization of bone marrow HSPCs to peripheral blood. Intriguingly, MLN4924 treatment could decrease the proliferation of murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells or endothelial cells. These findings shed light on the contribution of SKP2, and associated ubiquitination and neddylation in HSC maintenance, self-renewal, and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Albayrak
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Uslu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezer Akgol
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Can Tuysuz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kocabas
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Role of 1q21 in Multiple Myeloma: From Pathogenesis to Possible Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061360. [PMID: 34205916 PMCID: PMC8227721 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by an accumulation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM). The amplification of 1q21 is one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities occurring in around 40% of de novo patients and 70% of relapsed/refractory MM. Patients with this unfavorable cytogenetic abnormality are considered to be high risk with a poor response to standard therapies. The gene(s) driving amplification of the 1q21 amplicon has not been fully studied. A number of clear candidates are under investigation, and some of them (IL6R, ILF2, MCL-1, CKS1B and BCL9) have been recently proposed to be potential drivers of this region. However, much remains to be learned about the biology of the genes driving the disease progression in MM patients with 1q21 amp. Understanding the mechanisms of these genes is important for the development of effective targeted therapeutic approaches to treat these patients for whom effective therapies are currently lacking. In this paper, we review the current knowledge about the pathological features, the mechanism of 1q21 amplification, and the signal pathway of the most relevant candidate genes that have been suggested as possible therapeutic targets for the 1q21 amplicon.
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24
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Wu T, Gu X, Cui H. Emerging Roles of SKP2 in Cancer Drug Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051147. [PMID: 34068643 PMCID: PMC8150781 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of all cancer patients receive chemotherapy, however, some of them easily acquire drug resistance. Resistance to chemotherapy has become a massive obstacle to achieve high rates of pathological complete response during cancer therapy. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), as an E3 ligase, was found to be highly correlated with drug resistance and poor prognosis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms that Skp2 confers to drug resistance, including the Akt-Skp2 feedback loop, Skp2-p27 pathway, cell cycle and mitosis regulation, EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) property, enhanced DNA damage response and repair, etc. We also addressed novel molecules that either inhibit Skp2 expression or target Skp2-centered interactions, which might have vast potential for application in clinics and benefit cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Xinsheng Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China;
| | - Hongmei Cui
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
- Correspondence:
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Weiskirchen R, Penning LC. COMMD1, a multi-potent intracellular protein involved in copper homeostasis, protein trafficking, inflammation, and cancer. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 65:126712. [PMID: 33482423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Copper is a trace element indispensable for life, but at the same time it is implicated in reactive oxygen species formation. Several inherited copper storage diseases are described of which Wilson disease (copper overload, mutations in ATP7B gene) and Menkes disease (copper deficiency, mutations in ATP7A gene) are the most prominent ones. After the discovery in 2002 of a novel gene product (i.e. COMMD1) involved in hepatic copper handling in Bedlington terriers, studies on the mechanism of action of COMMD1 revealed numerous non-copper related functions. Effects on hepatic copper handling are likely mediated via interactions with ATP7B. In addition, COMMD1 has many more interacting partners which guide their routing to either the plasma membrane or, often in an ubiquitination-dependent fashion, trigger their proteolysis via the S26 proteasome. By stimulating NF-κB ubiquitination, COMMD1 dampens an inflammatory reaction. Finally, targeting COMMD1 function can be a novel approach in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Louis C Penning
- Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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26
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Liu Y, Duan C, Zhang C. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase in Anticancer Drugdsla Resistance: Recent Advances and Future Potential. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645864. [PMID: 33935743 PMCID: PMC8082683 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug therapy is the primary treatment for patients with advanced cancer. The use of anticancer drugs will inevitably lead to drug resistance, which manifests as tumor recurrence. Overcoming chemoresistance may enable cancer patients to have better therapeutic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying drug resistance are poorly understood. E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are a large class of proteins, and there are over 800 putative functional E3s. E3s play a crucial role in substrate recognition and catalyze the final step of ubiquitin transfer to specific substrate proteins. The diversity of the set of substrates contributes to the diverse functions of E3s, indicating that E3s could be desirable drug targets. The E3s MDM2, FBWX7, and SKP2 have been well studied and have shown a relationship with drug resistance. Strategies targeting E3s to combat drug resistance include interfering with their activators, degrading the E3s themselves and influencing the interaction between E3s and their substrates. Research on E3s has led to the discovery of possible therapeutic methods to overcome the challenging clinical situation imposed by drug resistance. In this article, we summarize the role of E3s in cancer drug resistance from the perspective of drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, China
| | - Chaojun Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
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27
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HDAC6-Selective Inhibitor Overcomes Bortezomib Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031341. [PMID: 33572814 PMCID: PMC7866276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple myeloma (MM) patients benefit from standard bortezomib (BTZ) chemotherapy, they develop drug resistance, resulting in relapse. We investigated whether histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor A452 overcomes bortezomib resistance in MM. We show that HDAC6-selective inhibitor A452 significantly decreases the activation of BTZ-resistant markers, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), in acquired BTZ-resistant MM cells. Combination treatment of A452 and BTZ or carfilzomib (CFZ) synergistically reduces BTZ-resistant markers. Additionally, A452 synergizes with BTZ or CFZ to inhibit the activation of NF-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), resulting in decreased expressions of low-molecular-mass polypeptide 2 (LMP2) and LMP7. Furthermore, combining A452 with BTZ or CFZ leads to synergistic cancer cell growth inhibition, viability decreases, and apoptosis induction in the BTZ-resistant MM cells. Overall, the synergistic effect of A452 with CFZ is more potent than that of A452 with BTZ in BTZ-resistant U266 cells. Thus, our findings reveal the HDAC6-selective inhibitor as a promising therapy for BTZ-chemoresistant MM.
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28
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Bosi E, Marselli L, De Luca C, Suleiman M, Tesi M, Ibberson M, Eizirik DL, Cnop M, Marchetti P. Integration of single-cell datasets reveals novel transcriptomic signatures of β-cells in human type 2 diabetes. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa097. [PMID: 33575641 PMCID: PMC7679065 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet β-cell failure is key to the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has opened the possibility to determine transcriptional signatures specifically relevant for T2D at the β-cell level. Yet, applications of this technique have been underwhelming, as three independent studies failed to show shared differentially expressed genes in T2D β-cells. We performed an integrative analysis of the available datasets from these studies to overcome confounding sources of variability and better highlight common T2D β-cell transcriptomic signatures. After removing low-quality transcriptomes, we retained 3046 single cells expressing 27 931 genes. Cells were integrated to attenuate dataset-specific biases, and clustered into cell type groups. In T2D β-cells (n = 801), we found 210 upregulated and 16 downregulated genes, identifying key pathways for T2D pathogenesis, including defective insulin secretion, SREBP signaling and oxidative stress. We also compared these results with previous data of human T2D β-cells from laser capture microdissection and diabetic rat islets, revealing shared β-cell genes. Overall, the present study encourages the pursuit of single β-cell RNA-seq analysis, preventing presently identified sources of variability, to identify transcriptomic changes associated with human T2D and underscores specific traits of dysfunctional β-cells across different models and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Bosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pancreatic Islets Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pancreatic Islets Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Carmela De Luca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pancreatic Islets Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Mara Suleiman
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pancreatic Islets Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Marta Tesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pancreatic Islets Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Quartier Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, B-1070, Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, B-1070, Belgium
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pancreatic Islets Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
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29
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The Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Hematological Malignancies: New Insight into Its Functional Role and Therapeutic Options. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071898. [PMID: 32674429 PMCID: PMC7409207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main cellular degradation machinery designed for controlling turnover of critical proteins involved in cancer pathogenesis, including hematological malignancies. UPS plays a functional role in regulating turnover of key proteins involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and terminal differentiation. When deregulated, it leads to several disorders, including cancer. Several studies indicate that, in some subtypes of human hematological neoplasms such as multiple myeloma and Burkitt’s lymphoma, abnormalities in the UPS made it an attractive therapeutic target due to pro-cancer activity. In this review, we discuss the aberrant role of UPS evaluating its impact in hematological malignancies. Finally, we also review the most promising therapeutic approaches to target UPS as powerful strategies to improve treatment of blood cancers.
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30
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Asmamaw MD, Liu Y, Zheng YC, Shi XJ, Liu HM. Skp2 in the ubiquitin-proteasome system: A comprehensive review. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1920-1949. [PMID: 32391596 DOI: 10.1002/med.21675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a complex process that regulates protein stability and activity by the sequential actions of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes to influence diverse aspects of eukaryotic cells. However, due to the diversity of proteins in cells, substrate selection is a highly critical part of the process. As a key player in UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases recruit substrates for ubiquitination specifically. Among them, RING E3 ubiquitin ligases which are the most abundant E3 ubiquitin ligases contribute to diverse cellular processes. The multisubunit cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of RING E3 ubiquitin ligases with tremendous plasticity in substrate specificity and regulate a vast array of cellular functions. The F-box protein Skp2 is a component of CRL1 (the prototype of CRLs) which is expressed in many tissues and participates in multiple cellular functions such as cell proliferation, metabolism, and tumorigenesis by contributing to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of several specific tumor suppressors. Most importantly, Skp2 plays a pivotal role in a plethora of cancer-associated signaling pathways. It enhances cell growth, accelerates cell cycle progression, promotes migration and invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis among others. Hence, targeting Skp2 may represent a novel and attractive strategy for the treatment of different human cancers overexpressing this oncogene. In this review article, we summarized the known roles of Skp2 both in health and disease states in relation to the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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31
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Targeting Cullin-RING Ubiquitin Ligases and the Applications in PROTACs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:317-347. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Liu J, Peng Y, Zhang J, Long J, Liu J, Wei W. Targeting SCF E3 Ligases for Cancer Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:123-146. [PMID: 31898226 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SKP1-cullin-1-F-box-protein (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is responsible for the degradation of proteins in a strictly regulated manner, through which it exerts pivotal roles in regulating various key cellular processes including cell cycle and division, apoptosis, and differentiation. The substrate specificity of the SCF complex largely depends on the distinct F-box proteins, which function in either tumor promotion or suppression or in a context-dependent manner. Among the 69 F-box proteins identified in human genome, FBW7, SKP2, and β-TRCP have been extensively investigated among various types of cancer in respective of their roles in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Moreover, several specific inhibitors have been developed to target those E3 ligases, and their efficiency in tumors has been determined. In this review, we provide a summary of the roles of SCF E3 ligases in cancer development, as well as the potential application of miRNA or specific inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Yan L, Lin M, Pan S, Assaraf YG, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Emerging roles of F-box proteins in cancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 49:100673. [PMID: 31877405 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy continues to be a major treatment strategy for various human malignancies. However, the frequent emergence of chemoresistance compromises chemotherapy efficacy leading to poor prognosis. Thus, overcoming drug resistance is pivotal to achieve enhanced therapy efficacy in various cancers. Although increased evidence has revealed that reduced drug uptake, increased drug efflux, drug target protein alterations, drug sequestration in organelles, enhanced drug metabolism, impaired DNA repair systems, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, are critically involved in drug resistance, the detailed resistance mechanisms have not been fully elucidated in distinct cancers. Recently, F-box protein (FBPs), key subunits in Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein (SCF) E3 ligase complexes, have been found to play critical roles in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and drug resistance through degradation of their downstream substrates. Therefore, in this review, we describe the functions of FBPs that are involved in drug resistance and discuss how FBPs contribute to the development of cancer drug resistance. Furthermore, we propose that targeting FBPs might be a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance and achieve better treatment outcome in cancer patients. Lastly, we state the limitations and challenges of using FBPs to overcome chemotherapeutic drug resistance in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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Sakakibara K, Tsujioka T, Kida JI, Kurozumi N, Nakahara T, Suemori SI, Kitanaka A, Arao Y, Tohyama K. Binimetinib, a novel MEK1/2 inhibitor, exerts anti-leukemic effects under inactive status of PI3Kinase/Akt pathway. Int J Hematol 2019; 110:213-227. [PMID: 31129802 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A MEK1/2 inhibitor, binimetinib is promising as a therapeutic agent for malignant melanoma with N-RAS mutation. We examined in vitro effects of binimetinib on 10 human myeloid/lymphoid leukemia cell lines, and found that three of five cell lines with N-RAS mutation and one of five without N-RAS mutation were responsive to treatment with binimetinib. Binimetinib inhibited cell growth mainly by inducing G1 arrest and this action mechanism was assisted by gene set enrichment analysis. To identify signaling pathways associated with binimetinib response, we examined the status of MAP kinase/ERK and PI3Kinase/Akt pathways. The basal levels of phosphorylated ERK and Akt varied between the cell lines, and the amounts of phosphorylated ERK and Akt appeared to be reciprocal of each other. Interestingly, most of the binimetinib-resistant cell lines revealed strong Akt phosphorylation compared with binimetinib-sensitive ones. The effect of binimetinib may not be predicted by the presence/absence of N-RAS mutation, but rather by Akt phosphorylation status. Moreover, combination of binimetinib with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor showed additive growth-suppressive effects. These results suggest that binimetinib shows potential anti-leukemic effects and the basal level of phosphorylated Akt might serve as a biomarker predictive of therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Sakakibara
- Division of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.,Field of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsujioka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Kida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Nami Kurozumi
- Division of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.,Field of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takako Nakahara
- Division of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Suemori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Kitanaka
- Division of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yujiro Arao
- Field of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tohyama
- Division of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
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Yan W, Yang Y, Yang W. Inhibition of SKP2 Activity Impaired ATM-Mediated DNA Repair and Enhanced Sensitivity of Cisplatin-Resistant Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:451-458. [PMID: 31025879 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is associated with poor patient prognosis mainly due to incomplete response to chemotherapy. S-phase kinase-related protein 2 (SKP2) is an oncoprotein that promotes cell cycle progression and proliferation. A recent study revealed that SKP2 is also involved in DNA damage response mechanisms. SKP2 induces activation of the Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) protein kinase by regulating NBS1 ubiquitination. The authors thus hypothesized that SKP2-mediated ATM activation is associated with MCL resistance to cisplatin (DDP). Materials and Methods: DDP-resistant MCL cell lines JeKo-1/DDP and Mino/DDP were established by culturing JeKo-1 and Mino cells, respectively, with increasing concentrations of DDP. Protein expression levels of SKP2, ATM, and phosphorylated ATM (p-ATM) in the cell lines were assessed using western blotting. The extent of NBS1 ubiquitination was determined with immunoprecipitation assays. Cell viability, apoptosis, and DNA damage were analyzed using specific detection kits. Results: JeKo-1/DDP and Mino/DDP cells showed higher levels of SKP2 and p-ATM proteins than JeKo-1 and Mino cells, respectively. SKP2 knockdown resulted in a reduced NBS1 ubiquitination and p-ATM protein level in JeKo-1/DDP cells. Both SKP2 knockdown and treatment with an ATM inhibitor enhanced DDP-induced DNA damage in JeKo-1/DDP cells by decreasing amounts of RAD51 and FANCD2, which are factors responsible for DNA repair. Consequently, both SKP2 knockdown and ATM inhibition increased the sensitivity of JeKo-1/DDP cells to DDP treatment, with a more pronounced effect observed by SKP2 depletion. Conclusion: These results suggest that SKP2 is likely to be a more promising target than ATM in the treatment of DDP-resistant MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Yang Y, Yan W, Liu Z, Wei M. Skp2 inhibitor SKPin C1 decreased viability and proliferation of multiple myeloma cells and induced apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8412. [PMID: 31038581 PMCID: PMC6487740 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of plasma, and exhibits several harmful effects including osteolytic injuries, hypercalcemia, and immune dysfunction. Many patients with MM succumb to the underlying malignancy. An S-phase kinase-related protein 2 (Skp2) inhibitor, designated SKPin C1, has been developed and confirmed to have an inhibitory effect on metastatic melanoma cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of SKPin C1 on MM. Normal B lymphocytes, THP-1 cells, and MM U266 and RPMI 8226 cells were exposed to various dosages of SKPin C1 for 48 h. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT, EdU staining, and cell cycle assays. Western blot assays were performed to assess intracellular protein levels of Skp2, p27, and cleaved caspase-3. The amount of ubiquitin attached to p27 was determined using an immunoprecipitation assay. The viability of U266 and RPMI 8226 cells was significantly inhibited by 10 μM SKPin C1 and the inhibitory effect was enhanced with increasing doses of SKPin C1. In contrast, 50 μM SKPin C1 only marginally decreased viability of normal B lymphocytes in 12 h. Skp2 and p27 expression in U266 and RPMI 8226 cells was higher and lower, respectively, than that in the normal B lymphocytes. Treatment with SKPin C1 or Skp2 knockdown increased p27 protein levels in U266 and RPMI 8226 cells by preventing p27 from being ubiquitinated, which slowed the cell cycle, inhibited cell proliferation, and triggered apoptosis. Therefore, this study suggested SKPin C1 as a potent inhibitor against aberrant proliferation and immortalization of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuogang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Li X, Pham V, Tippin M, Fu D, Rendon R, Song L, Uchio E, Hoang BH, Zi X. Flavokawain B targets protein neddylation for enhancing the anti-prostate cancer effect of Bortezomib via Skp2 degradation. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:25. [PMID: 30885218 PMCID: PMC6423783 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavokawain B (FKB) has been identified from kava root extracts as a potent apoptosis inducer for inhibiting the growth of various cancer cell lines, including prostate cancer. However, the molecular targets of FKB in prostate cancer cells remain unknown. Methods An in vitro NEDD8 Initiation Conjugation Assay was used to evaluate the neddylation inhibitory activity of FKB. Molecular docking and a cellular thermal shift assay were performed to assess the direct interaction between FKB and the NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE) complex. Protein neddylation, ubiqutination, stability and expression in cells were assessed with immunoprecipitation and Western blotting methods using specific antibodies. Deletion and site specific mutants and siRNAs were used to evaluate deep mechanisms by which FKB induces Skp2 degradation. Cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction were measured by MTT, ELISA and Western blotting methods. Results FKB inhibits NEDD8 conjugations to both Cullin1 and Ubc12 in prostate cancer cell lines and Ubc12 neddylation in an in vitro assay. Molecular docking study and a cellular thermal shift assay reveal that FKB interacts with the regulatory subunit (i.e. APP-BP1) of the NAE. In addition, FKB causes Skp2 degradation in an ubiquitin and proteasome dependent manner. Overexpression of dominant-negative cullin1 (1–452), K720R mutant (the neddylation site) Cullin1 or the F-box deleted Skp2 that losses its binding to the Skp1/Cullin1 complex causes the resistance to FKB-induced Skp2 degradation, whereas siRNA knock-down of Cdh1, a known E3 ligase of Skp2 for targeted degradation, didn’t attenuate the effect of FKB on Skp2 degradation. These results suggest that degradation of Skp2 by FKB is involved in a functional Cullin1. Furthermore, proteasome inhibitors Bortezomib and MG132 transcriptionally down-regulate the expression of Skp2, and their combinations with FKB result in enhanced inhibitory effects on the growth of prostate cancer cell lines via synergistic down-regulation of Skp2 and up-regulation of p27/Kip1 and p21/WAF1 protein expression. FKB also selectively inhibits the growth of RB deficient cells with high expression of Skp2. Conclusion These findings provide a rationale for further investigating combination of FKB and Bortezomib for treatment of RB deficient, castration-resistant prostate cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0338-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesen Li
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Rt.81, Bldg.55, Rm.302, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.,Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Victor Pham
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Rt.81, Bldg.55, Rm.302, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.,Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Matthew Tippin
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Rt.81, Bldg.55, Rm.302, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Dongjun Fu
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Rt.81, Bldg.55, Rm.302, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Raymond Rendon
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Rt.81, Bldg.55, Rm.302, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Liankun Song
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Rt.81, Bldg.55, Rm.302, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Edward Uchio
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Rt.81, Bldg.55, Rm.302, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Bang H Hoang
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Rt.81, Bldg.55, Rm.302, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Rt.81, Bldg.55, Rm.302, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA. .,Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Wang D, Xu X, Wu Y, Lin Y, Gao M, Hu P, Chen D, Lu X, Chen Z, Wang H, Huang C. SMIP004: A compound with antidepressant-like activities in mouse models. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 843:260-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang X, Li B, Han H, Song S, Xu H, Yi Z, Hong Y, Zhuang W, Yi N. Pathway-structured predictive modeling for multi-level drug response in multiple myeloma. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:3609-3615. [PMID: 29850860 PMCID: PMC6198861 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Molecular analyses suggest that myeloma is composed of distinct sub-types that have different molecular pathologies and various response rates to certain treatments. Drug responses in multiple myeloma (MM) are usually recorded as a multi-level ordinal outcome. One of the goals of drug response studies is to predict which response category any patients belong to with high probability based on their clinical and molecular features. However, as most of genes have small effects, gene-based models may provide limited predictive accuracy. In that case, methods for predicting multi-level ordinal drug responses by incorporating biological pathways are desired but have not been developed yet. Results We propose a pathway-structured method for predicting multi-level ordinal responses using a two-stage approach. We first develop hierarchical ordinal logistic models and an efficient quasi-Newton algorithm for jointly analyzing numerous correlated variables. Our two-stage approach first obtains the linear predictor (called the pathway score) for each pathway by fitting all predictors within each pathway using the hierarchical ordinal logistic approach, and then combines the pathway scores as new predictors to build a predictive model. We applied the proposed method to two publicly available datasets for predicting multi-level ordinal drug responses in MM using large-scale gene expression data and pathway information. Our results show that our approach not only significantly improved the predictive performance compared with the corresponding gene-based model but also allowed us to identify biologically relevant pathways. Availability and implementation The proposed approach has been implemented in our R package BhGLM, which is freely available from the public GitHub repository https://github.com/abbyyan3/BhGLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Bingzong Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiying Han
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sha Song
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Yi
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfork, VA, USA
| | - Yating Hong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhuang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Huang Z, Cai Y, Yang C, Chen Z, Sun H, Xu Y, Chen W, Xu D, Tian W, Wang H. Knockdown of RNF6 inhibits gastric cancer cell growth by suppressing STAT3 signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6579-6587. [PMID: 30323630 PMCID: PMC6178940 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s174846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective RNF6, an E3 ligase, has been reported to play an important role in the tumorigenesis in several tissues, but its role in gastric cancer is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological function and molecular mechanisms of RNF6 in gastric cancer. Materials and methods The expression levels of RNF6 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometer and immunoblotting. Luciferase assay, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR were performed to explore the activation of STAT3. Immunoprecipitation was performed to evaluate the ubiquitination of SHP-1. Results In this study, RNF6 was found to be upregulated in both primary tissues and cell lines of gastric cancer. Knockdown or overexpression of RNF6 inhibited or promoted cell growth of gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of RNF6 also induced the cleavage of PARP and promoted cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. In addition, knockdown of RNF6 also increased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin against gastric cancer. Moreover, knockdown of RNF6 inhibited STAT3-derived luciferase activity and downregulated the phosphorylation of STAT3, but upregulated the protein level of SHP-1. Knockdown of RNF6 downregulated the expression of MCL1 and XIAP, which are target genes of STAT3. Further studies showed that RNF6 regulated the stability of SHP-1 by inducing its polyubiquitination. Conclusion These results demonstrated that RNF6 was highly expressed in gastric cancer and regulated the growth of gastric cancer cells by affecting SHP-1/STAT3 signaling, which suggested that RNF6 could be a novel target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Huang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Huaian No 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Care, The Affiliated Huaian No 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dafu Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenze Tian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, China,
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Zhang X, Li B, Han H, Song S, Xu H, Hong Y, Yi N, Zhuang W. Predicting multi-level drug response with gene expression profile in multiple myeloma using hierarchical ordinal regression. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:551. [PMID: 29747599 PMCID: PMC5946496 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM), like other cancers, is caused by the accumulation of genetic abnormalities. Heterogeneity exists in the patients’ response to treatments, for example, bortezomib. This urges efforts to identify biomarkers from numerous molecular features and build predictive models for identifying patients that can benefit from a certain treatment scheme. However, previous studies treated the multi-level ordinal drug response as a binary response where only responsive and non-responsive groups are considered. Methods It is desirable to directly analyze the multi-level drug response, rather than combining the response to two groups. In this study, we present a novel method to identify significantly associated biomarkers and then develop ordinal genomic classifier using the hierarchical ordinal logistic model. The proposed hierarchical ordinal logistic model employs the heavy-tailed Cauchy prior on the coefficients and is fitted by an efficient quasi-Newton algorithm. Results We apply our hierarchical ordinal regression approach to analyze two publicly available datasets for MM with five-level drug response and numerous gene expression measures. Our results show that our method is able to identify genes associated with the multi-level drug response and to generate powerful predictive models for predicting the multi-level response. Conclusions The proposed method allows us to jointly fit numerous correlated predictors and thus build efficient models for predicting the multi-level drug response. The predictive model for the multi-level drug response can be more informative than the previous approaches. Thus, the proposed approach provides a powerful tool for predicting multi-level drug response and has important impact on cancer studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4483-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Bingzong Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiying Han
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sha Song
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yating Hong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Wenzhuo Zhuang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Driscoll JJ, Brailey M. Emerging small molecule approaches to enhance the antimyeloma benefit of proteasome inhibitors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:585-598. [PMID: 29052093 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy which, despite recent treatment advances, remains incurable in the vast majority of the over 118,000 patients in the USA afflicted with this disease. Treatment of MM has dramatically improved in the past decade with the introduction of new drugs into therapeutic strategies in both the frontline and relapse settings that has led to a significant improvement in the median overall survival (OS). These drugs have been incorporated into clinical guidelines and transformed the treatment approach to MM. Numerous classes of antimyeloma agents, i.e., alkylators, steroids, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, deactylase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, are now FDA-approved and can be combined in doublet or triplet regimens. Moreover, many patients do not respond to therapy and those that do eventually relapse. Emerging therapies that may overcome drug resistance and improve MM treatment include that inhibit regulatory and Ub-processing components of the proteasome, a specialized variant of the proteasome known as the immunoproteasome, proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACS and Degronomids). Emerging strategies also include accessory plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cells. Advances in understanding proteasome and plasma cell biology may allow for earlier treatment of MM patients using rationally informed combination therapies with curative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Driscoll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA. .,University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Magen Brailey
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.,McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Yang L, Chen J, Han X, Zhang E, Huang X, Guo X, Chen Q, Wu W, Zheng G, He D, Zhao Y, Yang Y, He J, Cai Z. Pirh2 mediates the sensitivity of myeloma cells to bortezomib via canonical NF-κB signaling pathway. Protein Cell 2018; 9:770-784. [PMID: 29441489 PMCID: PMC6107487 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical success of the proteasome inhibitor established bortezomib as one of the most effective drugs in treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). While survival benefit of bortezomib generated new treatment strategies, the primary and secondary resistance of MM cells to bortezomib remains a clinical concern. This study aimed to highlight the role of p53-induced RING-H2 (Pirh2) in the acquisition of bortezomib resistance in MM and to clarify the function and mechanism of action of Pirh2 in MM cell growth and resistance, thereby providing the basis for new therapeutic targets for MM. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been established as one of the most effective drugs for treating MM. We demonstrated that bortezomib resistance in MM cells resulted from a reduction in Pirh2 protein levels. Pirh2 overexpression overcame bortezomib resistance and restored the sensitivity of myeloma cells to bortezomib, while a reduction in Pirh2 levels was correlated with bortezomib resistance. The levels of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, pp65, pIKBa, and IKKa were higher in bortezomib-resistant cells than those in parental cells. Pirh2 overexpression reduced the levels of pIKBa and IKKa, while the knockdown of Pirh2 via short hairpin RNAs increased the expression of NF-κB p65, pIKBa, and IKKa. Therefore, Pirh2 suppressed the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IKBa to overcome acquired bortezomib resistance in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingxiao Chen
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Gaofeng Zheng
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Donghua He
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jingsong He
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center & Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Jung D, Khurana A, Roy D, Kalogera E, Bakkum-Gamez J, Chien J, Shridhar V. Quinacrine upregulates p21/p27 independent of p53 through autophagy-mediated downregulation of p62-Skp2 axis in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2487. [PMID: 29410485 PMCID: PMC5802832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the anti-malarial compound Quinacrine (QC) inhibits ovarian cancer (OC) growth by modulating autophagy. In the present study we extended these studies to identify the molecular pathways regulated by QC to promote apoptosis independent of p53 status in OC. QC exhibited strong anti-cancer properties in OC cell lines in contrast to other anti-malarial autophagy inhibiting drugs. QC treatment selectively upregulated cell cycle inhibitor p21, and downregulated F box protein Skp2 and p62/SQSTM1 expression independent of p53 status. Genetic downregulation of key autophagy protein ATG5 abolished QC-mediated effects on both cell cycle protein p21/Skp2 as well as autophagic cargo protein p62. Furthermore, genetic silencing of p62/SQSTM1 resulted in increased sensitivity to QC-mediated apoptosis, downregulated Skp2 mRNA and increased accumulation of p21 expression. Likewise, genetic knockdown of Skp2 resulted in the upregulation of p21 and p27 and increased sensitivity of OC cells to QC treatment. In contrast, transient overexpression of exogenous p62-HA plasmid rescued the QC-mediated Skp2 downregulation indicating the positive regulation of Skp2 by p62. Collectively, these data indicate that QC-mediated effects on cell cycle proteins p21/Skp2is autophagy-dependent and p53-independent in high grade serious OC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeokBeom Jung
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ashwani Khurana
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eleftheria Kalogera
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jamie Bakkum-Gamez
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Malek E, Gupta V, Creger R, Caimi P, Vatsayan A, Covut F, Bashir Q, Champlin R, Delgado R, Rondon G, Cooper B, de Lima M, Lazarus HM, Qazilbash M. Amifostine reduces gastro-intestinal toxicity after autologous transplantation for multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:1905-1912. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1408086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Malek
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vinita Gupta
- North Shore University-Long Island Jewish Cancer Institute, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Richard Creger
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paolo Caimi
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anant Vatsayan
- Pediatrics and Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fahrettin Covut
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Qaiser Bashir
- MD Anderson Cancer Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ruby Delgado
- MD Anderson Cancer Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Brenda Cooper
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marcos de Lima
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hillard M. Lazarus
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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46
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Novel Insights Into E3 Ubiquitin Ligase in Cancer Chemoresistance. Am J Med Sci 2017; 355:368-376. [PMID: 29661351 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance can obstruct successful cancer chemotherapy. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has emerged as a crucial player that controls steady-state protein levels regulating multiple biological processes, such as cell cycle, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage response, which are involved in oncogenesis, cancer development, prognosis, and drug resistance. E3 ligases perform the final step in the ubiquitination cascade, and determine which protein becomes ubiquitylated by specifically binding the substrate protein. They are promising drug targets thanks to their ability to regulate protein stability and functions. Although patient survival has increased in recent years with the availability of novel agents, chemoresistance remains a major problem in cancer management. E3 ligases attract increasing attention with advances in chemoresistance knowledge. To explore the role of E3 ligase in cancer chemotherapy resistance and the underlying mechanism, we summarize the growing number of E3 ligases and their substrate proteins, which have emerged as crucial players in cancer chemoresistance and targeted therapies.
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47
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Wehbe M, Anantha M, Shi M, Leung AWY, Dragowska WH, Sanche L, Bally MB. Development and optimization of an injectable formulation of copper diethyldithiocarbamate, an active anticancer agent. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4129-4146. [PMID: 28615941 PMCID: PMC5459956 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s137347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper diethyldithiocarbamate (Cu(DDC)2) is the active anticancer agent generated when disulfiram (DSF) is provided in the presence of copper. To date, research directed toward repurposing DSF as an anticancer drug has focused on administration of DSF and copper in combination, efforts that have proven unsuccessful in clinical trials. This is likely due to the inability to form Cu(DDC)2 at relevant concentrations in regions of tumor growth. Little effort has been directed toward the development of Cu(DDC)2 because of the inherent aqueous insolubility of the complex. Here, we describe an injectable Cu(DDC)2 formulation prepared through a method that involves synthesis of Cu(DDC)2 inside the aqueous core of liposomes. Convection-enhanced delivery of a Cu(DDC)2 formulation prepared using 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC)/cholesterol liposomes into a rat model of F98 glioma engendered a 25% increase in median survival time relative to vehicle-treated animals. In a murine subcutaneous MV-4–11 model, treatment resulted in a 45% reduction in tumor burden when compared to controls. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the Cu(DDC)2 was rapidly eliminated after intravenous administration while the liposomes remained in circulation. To test whether liposomal lipid composition could increase Cu(DDC)2 circulation lifetime, a number of different formulations were evaluated. Studies demonstrated that liposomes composed of DSPC and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-n-(carboxy[polyethylene glycol]-2000) (95:5) enhanced Cu(DDC)2 concentrations in the circulation as reflected by a 4.2-fold increase in plasma AUC(0−∞) relative to the DSPC/cholesterol formulation. The anticancer activity of this Cu(DDC)2 formulation was subsequently evaluated in the MV-4–11 model. At its maximum tolerated dose, this formulation exhibited comparable activity to the DSPC/cholesterol formulation. This is the first report demonstrating the therapeutic effects of an injectable Cu(DDC)2 formulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Wehbe
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | | | - Minghan Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science.,Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC
| | | | | | - Léon Sanche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science.,Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC
| | - Marcel B Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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