1
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Cheng J, Wan C. Rational number vortex beam multiplier and divider based on an Archimedean spiral mapping. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:6124-6127. [PMID: 38039207 DOI: 10.1364/ol.507010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM), as an extra dimension of light, holds substantial potential in both classical and quantum optical communication systems. In such systems, the ability to arbitrarily convert the OAM of light is of great importance. In this work, we demonstrate an arbitrary rational number of multiplication and division of the OAM of light based on an Archimedean spiral mapping. Both the simulation and experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of this scheme. This work provides a practical method to manipulate the OAM mode space of light that is directly applicable to high-dimensional optical communication systems.
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2
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Ye YH, Zeng L, Dong MX, Zhang WH, Li EZ, Li DC, Guo GC, Ding DS, Shi BS. Long-Lived Memory for Orbital Angular Momentum Quantum States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:193601. [PMID: 36399758 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum memories that are capable of storing multiple spatial modes offer advantages in speed and robustness when incorporated into quantum networks. When it comes to spatial degrees of freedom, orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes have received widespread attention since they enable encoding with inherent infinite number of dimensions. Although the faithful storage of OAM qubits or qutrits has been realized in previous works, the achieved lifetimes are still on the order of a few microseconds as limited by the spatially dependent decoherence. We here demonstrate a long-lived quantum memory for OAM qutrits by suppressing the decoherence in the transverse and longitude direction simultaneously; the achieved fidelity beats the quantum-classical criteria after a storage time of 400 μs, which is 2 orders of magnitude longer than earlier works. The present work is promising for establishing high-dimensional quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Institute for Quantum Control and Quantum Information and School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ming-Xin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Institute for Quantum Control and Quantum Information and School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wei-Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - En-Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Da-Chuang Li
- Institute for Quantum Control and Quantum Information and School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bao-Sen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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3
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Fu Y, Liu W, Ye X, Wang Y, Zhang C, Duan CK, Rong X, Du J. Experimental Investigation of Quantum Correlations in a Two-Qutrit Spin System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:100501. [PMID: 36112462 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental investigation of quantum correlations in a two-qutrit spin system in a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond at room temperatures. Quantum entanglement between two qutrits was observed at room temperature, and the existence of nonclassical correlations beyond entanglement in the qutrit case has been revealed. Our work demonstrates the potential of the NV centers as the multiqutrit system to execute quantum information tasks and provides a powerful experimental platform for studying the fundamental physics of high-dimensional quantum systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenquan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangyu Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chengjie Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chang-Kui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xing Rong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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4
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Simbulan KB, Huang TD, Peng GH, Li F, Gomez Sanchez OJ, Lin JD, Lu CI, Yang CS, Qi J, Cheng SJ, Lu TH, Lan YW. Selective Photoexcitation of Finite-Momentum Excitons in Monolayer MoS 2 by Twisted Light. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3481-3489. [PMID: 33566571 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Twisted light carries a well-defined orbital angular momentum (OAM) of lℏ per photon. The quantum number l of its OAM can be arbitrarily set, making it an excellent light source to realize high-dimensional quantum entanglement and ultrawide bandwidth optical communication structures. In spite of its interesting properties, twisted light interaction with solid state materials, particularly two-dimensional materials, is yet to be extensively studied via experiments. In this work, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy studies of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a material with ultrastrong light-matter interaction due to reduced dimensionality, are carried out under photoexcitation of twisted light. It is observed that the measured spectral peak energy increases for every increment of l of the incident light. The nonlinear l-dependence of the spectral blue shifts is well accounted for by the analysis and computational simulation of this work. More excitingly, the twisted light excitation revealed the unusual lightlike exciton band dispersion of valley excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. This linear exciton band dispersion is predicted by previous theoretical studies and evidenced via this work's experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristan Bryan Simbulan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Teng-De Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hao Peng
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Feng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jhen-Dong Lin
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Lu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Shan Yang
- Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Junjie Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Jen Cheng
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Lu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Wen Lan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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5
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Wang W, Zhang K, Jing J. Large-Scale Quantum Network over 66 Orbital Angular Momentum Optical Modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:140501. [PMID: 33064552 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.140501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multipartite entanglement (ME) is the fundamental ingredient for building quantum networks. The scale of ME determines its quantum information carrying and processing capability. Most of the current efforts for boosting the scale of ME focus on increasing the number of entangled nodes. However, the number of channels for broadcasting ME is also an important index for characterizing its scale. In this Letter, we experimentally exploit orbital angular momentum multiplexing and the spatial pump shaping technique to simultaneously and deterministically generate 11 channels of individually accessible and mutually orthogonal continuous variable (CV) spatially separated hexapartite entangled states over 66 optical modes in a single quantum system. These results suggest that our method can greatly expand the scale of ME and provide a new perspective and platform to construct a CV quantum network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jietai Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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6
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Li X, Zhang H. Anomalous ring-connected optical vortex array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:13775-13785. [PMID: 32403845 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an anomalous ring-connected optical vortex array (ARC-OVA) via the superposition of two grafted optical vortices (GOVs) with different topological charges (TCs) has been proposed. Compared with conventional OVAs, the signs and distribution of the OVs can be individually modulated, while the number of OVs remains unchanged. In particular, the positive and negative OVs simultaneously appear in the same intensity ring. Additionally, the size of the dark core occupied by the OV can be modulated, and the specific dark core is shared by a pair of plus-minus OVs. This work deepens our knowledge about connected OVAs and facilitates new potential applications, especially in particle manipulation and optical measurement.
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7
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Shi S, Dong MX, Yu YC, Ye YH, Zhang W, Wang K, Guo GC, Ding DS, Shi BS. Entangled qutrits generated in four-wave mixing without post-selection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:11538-11547. [PMID: 32403663 DOI: 10.1364/oe.383378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional entangled states and quantum repeaters are important elements in efficient long-range quantum communications. The high-dimensional property associated with the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of each photon improves the bandwidth of the quantum communication network. However, the generation of high-dimensional entangled states by the concentration method reduces the brightness of the entangled light source, making extensions to these higher dimensions difficult. To overcome this difficulty, we propose to generate entangled qutrits in the OAM space by loading the pump light with OAM. Compared with the concentration method, our experimental results show that the rate of generation of photon pairs improves significantly with an observed 5.5-fold increase. The increased generation rate provides the system with the ability to resist the noise and improve the fidelity of the state. The S value of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality increases from 2.48 ± 0.07 to 2.69 ± 0.04 under the same background noise, and the fidelity of the reconstructed density matrix improves from 57.8 ± 0.14% to 70 ± 0.17%. These achievements exhibit the enormous advantages of high-dimensional entanglement generation.
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8
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Liu J, Nape I, Wang Q, Vallés A, Wang J, Forbes A. Multidimensional entanglement transport through single-mode fiber. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay0837. [PMID: 32042899 PMCID: PMC6981081 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay0837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The global quantum network requires the distribution of entangled states over long distances, with substantial advances already demonstrated using polarization. While Hilbert spaces with higher dimensionality, e.g., spatial modes of light, allow higher information capacity per photon, such spatial mode entanglement transport requires custom multimode fiber and is limited by decoherence-induced mode coupling. Here, we circumvent this by transporting multidimensional entangled states down conventional single-mode fiber (SMF). By entangling the spin-orbit degrees of freedom of a biphoton pair, passing the polarization (spin) photon down the SMF while accessing multiple orbital angular momentum (orbital) subspaces with the other, we realize multidimensional entanglement transport. We show high-fidelity hybrid entanglement preservation down 250 m SMF across multiple 2 × 2 dimensions, confirmed by quantum state tomography, Bell violation measures, and a quantum eraser scheme. This work offers an alternative approach to spatial mode entanglement transport that facilitates deployment in legacy networks across conventional fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Isaac Nape
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Qainke Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Adam Vallés
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Andrew Forbes
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
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9
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Erhard M, Fickler R, Krenn M, Zeilinger A. Twisted photons: new quantum perspectives in high dimensions. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:17146. [PMID: 30839541 PMCID: PMC6060046 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Twisted photons can be used as alphabets to encode information beyond one bit per single photon. This ability offers great potential for quantum information tasks, as well as for the investigation of fundamental questions. In this review article, we give a brief overview of the theoretical differences between qubits and higher dimensional systems, qudits, in different quantum information scenarios. We then describe recent experimental developments in this field over the past three years. Finally, we summarize some important experimental and theoretical questions that might be beneficial to understand better in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Erhard
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science & Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Robert Fickler
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mario Krenn
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science & Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Anton Zeilinger
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science & Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria
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10
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Wang FX, Wu J, Chen W, Yin ZQ, Wang S, Guo GC, Han ZF. Controlled-phase manipulation module for orbital-angular-momentum photon states. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:349-352. [PMID: 29328278 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phase manipulation is essential to quantum information processing, for which the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photon is a promising high-dimensional resource. Dove prism (DP) is one of the most important elements to realize the nondestructive phase manipulation of OAM photons. DP usually changes the polarization of light and thus increases the manipulation error for a spin-OAM hybrid state. DP in a Sagnac interferometer also introduces a mode-dependent global phase to the OAM mode. In this work, we implemented a high-dimensional controlled-phase manipulation module (PMM), which can compensate the mode-dependent global phase and thus preserve the phase in the spin-OAM hybrid superposition state. The PMM is stable for free running and is suitable to realize the high-dimensional controlled-phase gate for spin-OAM hybrid states. Considering the Sagnac-based structure, the PMM is also suitable for classical communication with the spin-OAM hybrid light field.
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11
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Experimental realization of a multiplexed quantum memory with 225 individually accessible memory cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15359. [PMID: 28480891 PMCID: PMC5424256 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To realize long-distance quantum communication and quantum network, it is required to have multiplexed quantum memory with many memory cells. Each memory cell needs to be individually addressable and independently accessible. Here we report an experiment that realizes a multiplexed DLCZ-type quantum memory with 225 individually accessible memory cells in a macroscopic atomic ensemble. As a key element for quantum repeaters, we demonstrate that entanglement with flying optical qubits can be stored into any neighboring memory cells and read out after a programmable time with high fidelity. Experimental realization of a multiplexed quantum memory with many individually accessible memory cells and programmable control of its addressing and readout makes an important step for its application in quantum information technology. To realize long-distance quantum communication it is required to have individually addressable quantum memories with programmable access to many cells. Here the authors report DLCZ-type quantum memories with 225 individually accessible memory cells in a macroscopic atomic ensemble
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12
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Deterministic secure quantum communication using a single d-level system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44934. [PMID: 28327557 PMCID: PMC5361180 DOI: 10.1038/srep44934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) can transmit secret messages between two parties without first generating a shared secret key. Compared with quantum key distribution (QKD), DSQC avoids the waste of qubits arising from basis reconciliation and thus reaches higher efficiency. In this paper, based on data block transmission and order rearrangement technologies, we propose a DSQC protocol. It utilizes a set of single d-level systems as message carriers, which are used to directly encode the secret message in one communication process. Theoretical analysis shows that these employed technologies guarantee the security, and the use of a higher dimensional quantum system makes our protocol achieve higher security and efficiency. Since only quantum memory is required for implementation, our protocol is feasible with current technologies. Furthermore, Trojan horse attack (THA) is taken into account in our protocol. We give a THA model and show that THA significantly increases the multi-photon rate and can thus be detected.
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13
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Zhang Z, Ma D, Zhang Y, Cao M, Xu Z, Zhang Y. Propagation of optical vortices in a nonlinear atomic medium with a photonic band gap. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1059-1062. [PMID: 28295091 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally generate a vortex beam through a four-wave mixing (FWM) process after satisfying the phase-matching condition in a rubidium atomic vapor cell with a photonic band gap (PBG) structure. The observed FWM vortex can also be viewed as the reflected part of the launched probe vortex from the PBG. Further, we investigate the propagation behaviors, including the spatial shift and splitting of the probe and FWM vortices in the medium with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity induced by electromagnetically induced transparency. This Letter can be useful for better understanding and manipulating the applications involving the interactions between optical vortices and the medium.
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14
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Krenn M, Malik M, Erhard M, Zeilinger A. Orbital angular momentum of photons and the entanglement of Laguerre-Gaussian modes. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20150442. [PMID: 28069773 PMCID: PMC5247486 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The identification of orbital angular momentum (OAM) as a fundamental property of a beam of light nearly 25 years ago has led to an extensive body of research around this topic. The possibility that single photons can carry OAM has made this degree of freedom an ideal candidate for the investigation of complex quantum phenomena and their applications. Research in this direction has ranged from experiments on complex forms of quantum entanglement to the interaction between light and quantum states of matter. Furthermore, the use of OAM in quantum information has generated a lot of excitement, as it allows for encoding large amounts of information on a single photon. Here, we explain the intuition that led to the first quantum experiment with OAM 15 years ago. We continue by reviewing some key experiments investigating fundamental questions on photonic OAM and the first steps to applying these properties in novel quantum protocols. At the end, we identify several interesting open questions that could form the subject of future investigations with OAM.This article is part of the themed issue 'Optical orbital angular momentum'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Krenn
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mehul Malik
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Erhard
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Zeilinger
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Ding DS, Zhang W, Zhou ZY, Shi S, Xiang GY, Wang XS, Jiang YK, Shi BS, Guo GC. Quantum storage of orbital angular momentum entanglement in an atomic ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:050502. [PMID: 25699427 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/aa9b95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Constructing a quantum memory for a photonic entanglement is vital for realizing quantum communication and network. Because of the inherent infinite dimension of orbital angular momentum (OAM), the photon's OAM has the potential for encoding a photon in a high-dimensional space, enabling the realization of high channel capacity communication. Photons entangled in orthogonal polarizations or optical paths had been stored in a different system, but there have been no reports on the storage of a photon pair entangled in OAM space. Here, we report the first experimental realization of storing an entangled OAM state through the Raman protocol in a cold atomic ensemble. We reconstruct the density matrix of an OAM entangled state with a fidelity of 90.3%±0.8% and obtain the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality parameter S of 2.41±0.06 after a programed storage time. All results clearly show the preservation of entanglement during the storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guo-Yong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yun-Kun Jiang
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Sen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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