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Būtaitė UG, Sharp C, Horodynski M, Gibson GM, Padgett MJ, Rotter S, Taylor JM, Phillips DB. Photon-efficient optical tweezers via wavefront shaping. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi7792. [PMID: 38968347 PMCID: PMC11225778 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Optical tweezers enable noncontact trapping of microscale objects using light. It is not known how tightly it is possible to three-dimensionally (3D) trap microparticles with a given photon budget. Reaching this elusive limit would enable maximally stiff particle trapping for precision measurements on the nanoscale and photon-efficient tweezing of light-sensitive objects. Here, we customize the shape of light fields to suit specific particles, with the aim of optimizing trapping stiffness in 3D. We show, theoretically, that the confinement volume of microspheres held in sculpted optical traps can be reduced by one to two orders of magnitude. Experimentally, we use a wavefront shaping-inspired strategy to passively suppress the Brownian fluctuations of microspheres in every direction concurrently, demonstrating order-of-magnitude reductions in their confinement volumes. Our work paves the way toward the fundamental limits of optical control over the mesoscopic realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unė G. Būtaitė
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Christina Sharp
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Michael Horodynski
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - Graham M. Gibson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Miles J. Padgett
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - Jonathan M. Taylor
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - David B. Phillips
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
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2
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Pant B, Meena HK, Singh BK. Super-oscillatory spots with different inhomogeneous linear polarized states. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:9599-9604. [PMID: 38108786 DOI: 10.1364/ao.504695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
We present the formation of super-oscillatory (SO) spots by tightly focusing the inhomogeneous linear polarized beam of different polarization states. At the entrance pupil of the focusing lens, a suitable phase manipulation in the incident beam results in a small super-oscillatory spot. Our numerical study based on the vectorial diffraction theory shows that SO spots of controllable size and various polarization combinations are possible. We also discuss the effect of the different polarization patterns of the incident beam on the size and energy distribution of the generated SO spots, which are potentially valuable for the orientation determination of single molecules and polarization-resolved imaging. This study reveals more influence of polarization states on the different components of the focused beam under the utilization of the proposed method rather than the usual tight focusing conditions.
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3
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Liu X, Yan L, Chen H, Liu H, Liu H, Wang Q, Zhang J. Generation of femtosecond optical vortices with multiple separate phase singularities from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:KGW oscillator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:39738-39746. [PMID: 38041289 DOI: 10.1364/oe.506944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond optical vortices with a phase singular point have diverse applications such as microscopic particles manipulation, special-structure micro-processing and quantum information. Raising the number of singularity points can provide additional dimensions of control. Here we report for what we believe is the first time the generation of femtosecond optical vortices with multiple (two and five) singularities directly from a laser oscillator. The average powers and pulse durations of the resulting vortex pulses are several hundred milliwatts and less than 300 fs, respectively. This work represents an innovate way for obtaining femtosecond multi-vortices, opening the way to the further studies of optical vortex crystals and their applications.
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Meena HK, Pant B, Singh BK. Controllable experimental modulation of high-order Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:1770-1778. [PMID: 37707014 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.499212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
High-order helical and sinusoidal Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) laser modes have uneven energy distribution among their multiple concentric vortex core rings and lobes, respectively. Here, we explore an experimental method to reshuffle the optical energy among their multiple concentric vortex core rings and lobes of high-order LG modes in a controllable manner. We numerically designed a diffractive optical element displayed over a spatial light modulator to rearrange optical energy among multiple concentric vortex core rings. This changes outer low-intensity concentric vortex core rings into high-intensity vortex core rings of high-order helical LG modes at the Fourier plane. The precise generation of a high-order modulated helical LG laser mode has a maximum number of highly intense concentric vortex core rings compared to known standard helical LG modes. Further, this method is extended to high-order sinusoidal LG modes consisting of both low- and high-intensity lobes to realize modulated sinusoidal LG modes with a maximum number of highly intense lobes in a controllable manner. We envisage that the modulated helical and sinusoidal high-order LG modes may surpass standard LG modes in many applications where highly intense rings and lobes are crucial, as in particle manipulation of micro- and nanoparticles, and optical lithography.
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Liu H, Yan L, Chen H, Liu X, Liu H, Chew SH, Gliserin A, Wang Q, Zhang J. High-order femtosecond vortices up to the 30th order generated from a powerful mode-locked Hermite-Gaussian laser. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:207. [PMID: 37648767 PMCID: PMC10469186 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond vortex beams are of great scientific and practical interest because of their unique phase properties in both the longitudinal and transverse modes, enabling multi-dimensional quantum control of light fields. Until now, generating femtosecond vortex beams for applications that simultaneously require ultrashort pulse duration, high power, high vortex order, and a low cost and compact laser source has been very challenging due to the limitations of available generation methods. Here, we present a compact apparatus that generates powerful high-order femtosecond vortex pulses via astigmatic mode conversion from a mode-locked Hermite-Gaussian Yb:KGW laser oscillator in a hybrid scheme using both the translation-based off-axis pumping and the angle-based non-collinear pumping techniques. This hybrid scheme enables the generation of femtosecond vortices with a continuously tunable vortex order from the 1st up to the 30th order, which is the highest order obtained from any femtosecond vortex laser source based on a mode-locked oscillator. The average powers and pulse durations of all resulting vortex pulses are several hundred milliwatts and <650 fs, respectively. In particular, 424-fs 11th-order vortex pulses have been achieved with an average power of 1.6 W, several times more powerful than state-of-the-art oscillator-based femtosecond vortex sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lisong Yan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Heyan Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Soo Hoon Chew
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Alexander Gliserin
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Yu W, Rush C, Tingey M, Junod S, Yang W. Application of Super-resolution SPEED Microscopy in the Study of Cellular Dynamics. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:356-371. [PMID: 37501792 PMCID: PMC10369678 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution imaging techniques have broken the diffraction-limited resolution of light microscopy. However, acquiring three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution information about structures and dynamic processes in live cells at high speed remains challenging. Recently, the development of high-speed single-point edge-excitation subdiffraction (SPEED) microscopy, along with its 2D-to-3D transformation algorithm, provides a practical and effective approach to achieving 3D subdiffraction-limit information in subcellular structures and organelles with rotational symmetry. One of the major benefits of SPEED microscopy is that it does not rely on complex optical components and can be implemented on a standard, inverted epifluorescence microscope, simplifying the process of sample preparation and the expertise requirement. SPEED microscopy is specifically designed to obtain 2D spatial locations of individual immobile or moving fluorescent molecules inside submicrometer biological channels or cavities at high spatiotemporal resolution. The collected data are then subjected to postlocalization 2D-to-3D transformation to obtain 3D super-resolution structural and dynamic information. In recent years, SPEED microscopy has provided significant insights into nucleocytoplasmic transport across the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and cytoplasm-cilium trafficking through the ciliary transition zone. This Review focuses on the applications of SPEED microscopy in studying the structure and function of nuclear pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Yu
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Coby Rush
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Mark Tingey
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Samuel Junod
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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7
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Peng Z, Wang Q, Chen H, Liu H, Liu X, Yan L, Zhang J. High-power femtosecond vortices generated from a Kerr-lens mode-locked solid-state Hermite-Gaussian oscillator. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2708-2711. [PMID: 37186746 DOI: 10.1364/ol.492186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of high-order transverse modes from a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. Two different orders of Hermite-Gaussian modes were realized by non-collinear pumping, which were converted into the corresponding Laguerre-Gaussian vortex modes using a cylindrical lens mode converter. The mode-locked vortex beams, with an average power of 1.4 W and 0.8 W, contained pulses as short as 126 fs and 170 fs at the first and second Hermite-Gaussian mode orders, respectively. This work demonstrates the possibility of developing Kerr-lens mode-locked bulk lasers with various pure high-order modes and paves the way for generating ultrashort vortex beams.
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Pant B, Meena HK, Singh BK. Creation of pure longitudinal super-oscillatory spot. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1240-1243. [PMID: 36857257 DOI: 10.1364/ol.481274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a method that creates a super-oscillatory focal spot of a tightly focused radially polarized beam using the concept of a phase mask. Using vector diffraction theory, we report a super-oscillatory focal spot that is much smaller than the diffraction limit and the super-oscillation criterion. The proposed mask works as a special polarization filter that enhances the longitudinal component and filters out the transverse component of radial polarization at focus, permitting the creation of a pure longitudinal super-oscillatory focal spot.
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Meena HK, Singh BK. Experimental realization of modulated Hermite-Gaussian laser modes: a maximum number of highly intense lobes. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:2104-2109. [PMID: 36520707 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.470435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present an experimental method that redistributes the optical energy among the lobes of high-order standard Hermite-Gaussian (SHG) laser modes in a controlled manner. We numerically designed diffractive optical elements, displayed over a spatial light modulator for redistribution of optical energy that converts low and moderate intense lobes into all highly intense lobes and vice versa at the Fourier plane. Such precise generation of modulated HG (MHG) laser modes offers a maximum number of highly intense lobes compared to SHG modes. Hence, we envisage that MHG beams may surpass SHG beams in many applications, such as particle manipulation and optical lithography, where highly intense lobes play a significant role.
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10
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Zhou LM, Shi Y, Zhu X, Hu G, Cao G, Hu J, Qiu CW. Recent Progress on Optical Micro/Nanomanipulations: Structured Forces, Structured Particles, and Synergetic Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13264-13278. [PMID: 36053722 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical manipulation has achieved great success in the fields of biology, micro/nano robotics and physical sciences in the past few decades. To date, the optical manipulation is still witnessing substantial progress powered by the growing accessibility of the complex light field, advanced nanofabrication and developed understandings of light-matter interactions. In this perspective, we highlight recent advancements of optical micro/nanomanipulations in cutting-edge applications, which can be fostered by structured optical forces enabled with diverse auxiliary multiphysical field/forces and structured particles. We conclude with our vision of ongoing and futuristic directions, including heat-avoided and heat-utilized manipulation, nonlinearity-mediated trapping and manipulation, metasurface/two-dimensional material based optical manipulation, as well as interface-based optical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Ming Zhou
- Department of Optical Engineering, School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Optical Engineering, School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Guangtao Cao
- School of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jigang Hu
- Department of Optical Engineering, School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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11
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Kiselev A, Achouri K, Martin OJF. Electromagnetic forces in the time domain. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:32215-32229. [PMID: 36242288 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We look beyond the standard time-average approach and investigate optical forces in the time domain. The formalism is developed for both the Abraham and Minkowski momenta, which appear to converge in the time domain. We unveil an extremely rich - and by far unexplored - physics associated with the dynamics of the optical forces, which can even attain negative values over short time intervals or produce low frequency dynamics that can excite mechanical oscillations in macroscopic objects under polychromatic illumination. The magnitude of this beating force is tightly linked to the average one. Implications of this work for transient optomechanics are discussed.
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12
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Bai T, Li Q, Wang Y, Chen Y, Hu ZD, Wang J. Terahertz vortex beam generator based on bound states in the continuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25270-25279. [PMID: 34614860 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vortex beams are playing an increasingly crucial role in wireless optical communications. Traditional vortex beam generators based on spiral phase plates and metasurfaces have a geometric center in real space, which limit their convenience in practical applications. In this work, we propose that the creation of a vortex beam can be achieved by using the bound state in the continuum (BIC) supported by a photonic crystal slab structure. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed structure can be used as a kind of "momentum-space resonators" and thus can generate vortex beams. Moreover, higher-order vortex beams can also be achieved by changing the symmetry of photonic crystal slab, thus paving the way for the application of vortex beams in the fields of quantum information processing and micro optical micromanipulation.
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Wang C, Hu Z, Yang L, Zhang C, Zhang L, Ji S, Xu L, Li J, Hu Y, Wu D, Chu J, Sugioka K. Magnetically driven rotary microfilter fabricated by two-photon polymerization for multimode filtering of particles. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2968-2971. [PMID: 34129586 DOI: 10.1364/ol.428751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, a magnetically driven rotary microfilter that enables switching the modes of filtering and passing is fabricated in microfluidic devices via two-photon polymerization using a femtosecond laser for selective filtering of particles. The high-quality integration of a microfilter is ensured by accurately formulating the magnetic photoresist and optimizing the processing parameters. By changing the direction of the external magnetic field, the fabricated microfilter can be remotely manipulated to rotate by desired angles, thereby achieving the "filtering" or "passing" mode on demand. Taking advantage of this property, the magnetically rotary microfilter realizes multi-mode filtering functions such as capturing 8 µm particles/passing the 2.5 µm particles and passing both particles. More importantly, the responsive characteristic increases the reusability of the microchip. The lab-on-chip devices integrated with remotely rotary microfilters by the femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization with the functional photoresist will offer extensive applications in chemical and biological studies.
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Srinivasa Rao A, Miamoto K, Omatsu T. Ultraviolet intracavity frequency-doubled Pr 3+:LiYF 4 orbital Poincaré laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:37397-37405. [PMID: 33379575 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate intracavity frequency-doubling of an ultra-compact (cavity length < 20 mm) Pr3+:LiYF4 (YLF) orbital Poincaré laser, in which the fundamental modes are represented on an equivalent orbital Poincaré sphere (eOPS) and a singularities hybrid evolution nature sphere (SHENS). The generated ultraviolet (UV, 320 nm) output carries orbital angular momentum (OAM), and it typically exhibits an optical bottle beam with a 3-dimensional dark core, formed of a coherent superposition of eigen Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes. Such ultraviolet structured light beams with OAM offer many advanced applications from microscopy to materials processing.
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15
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Sanjeev A, Shabairou N, Attar A, Scherbaum D, Kapellner Y, Sinvani M, Zalevsky Z. Generation and Manipulation of Superoscillatory Hotspots Using Virtual Fourier Filtering and CTF Shaping. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4755. [PMID: 32179817 PMCID: PMC7075986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSuperoscillation is a technique that is used to produce a spot of light (known as ‘hotspot’) which is smaller than the conventional diffraction limit of a lens and even smaller than the optical wavelength. Over the past few years, several techniques have been realized for the generation of the superoscillatory hotspot. In this article, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we propose a novel and a more efficient technique for producing superoscillation in microscopic imaging by shaping the Coherent Transfer Function (CTF) of a lens via virtual Fourier filtering followed by a phase retrieval algorithm. We design and realize a phase mask which when placed at the pupil plane of a diffraction-limited lens produces a superoscillatory hotspot with sidelobes properly matched to the field of view (FOV) required in microscopic imaging applications, i.e. hotspot always coexists with huge intense rings known as ‘sidebands’ close to it and hence limiting the FOV. Our technique is also capable of extending the FOV with minimal loss in resolution of the hotspot generated and considerable ratio between the intensity of the hotspot to that of the side lobes while optimizing the obtainable FOV to the requirement of microscopy.
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Zhou LM, Qin Y, Yang Y, Jiang Y. Fine features of optical potential well induced by nonlinearity. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6266-6269. [PMID: 33186966 DOI: 10.1364/ol.412349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particles trapped by optical tweezers, behaving as mechanical oscillators in an optomechanical system, have found tremendous applications in various disciplines and are still arousing research interest in frontier and fundamental physics. These optically trapped oscillators provide compact particle confinement and strong oscillator stiffness. But these features are limited by the size of the focused light spot of a laser beam, which is typically restricted by the optical diffraction limit. Here, we propose to build an optical potential well with fine features assisted by the nonlinearity of the particle material, which is independent of the optical diffraction limit. We show that the potential well shape can have super-oscillation-like features and a Fano-resonance-like phenomenon, and the width of the optical trap is far below the diffraction limit. A particle with nonlinearity trapped by an ordinary optical beam provides a new platform with a sub-diffraction potential well and can have applications in high-accuracy optical manipulation and high-precision metrology.
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Emile O, Emile J. Nanometer optical trap based on stimulated emission in evanescence of a totally reflected Arago spot : Nanometer optical trap for fluorescent nanoparticles. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2020; 43:68. [PMID: 33099687 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2020-11991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers have paved the way towards the manipulation of particles and living cells at the micrometer range. Its extension towards the nanometer world may create unprecedented potentialities in many areas of science. Following a letter (O. Emile, J. Emile, H. Tabuteau, EPL 129, 58001 (2020)) that reported the observation of the trapping of a single 200nm diameter fluorescent particle in a nanometric volume, we detail here our experimental findings. In particular, the trapping mechanism is shown to be based on the radiation pressure of light in one direction and on the stimulated emission of the particle in the evanescent wave of a nanometer Arago spot on a glass/liquid interface on the other directions. The trapping volume is a 200nm height cylinder whose radius varies with the spreading of the evanescent wave near the spot and can reach 50nm. The calculation of the force and the parameters limiting the lifetime are detailed. Applications to laser trapping of atoms and molecules are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Emile
- Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Janine Emile
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS IPR UMR 6251, F-35000, Rennes, France
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18
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Sharma V, Kumar SC, Samanta GK, Ebrahim-Zadeh M. Multi-structured-beam optical parametric oscillator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:21650-21658. [PMID: 32752438 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structured beams, conventionally generated through the spatial mode conversion of the Gaussian laser beams, have attracted great interest in recent years. Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) have demonstrated the potential for the generation of tunable structured beams directly from an input pump source. However, to date, a particular OPO design has been shown to produce such beams only in a specific configuration and different spatial structured beams require different system architectures. Here, we report the generation of multiple-structured beams from a single OPO device. Using a vortex-beam-pumped ultrafast OPO in singly-resonant oscillator design and through the control of the mode structure of the resonant beam using a simple intracavity aperture, we generate vortex, Airy, vortex Airy, and Gaussian signal beams over a tunable wavelength range across 1457-1680 nm, simultaneous with vortex beam in the non-resonant idler across 2902-3945 nm, from different ports of the device. The signal and idler vortices have output power in excess of 1 W and maximum vortex order of li=2, while the Airy beam and vortex Airy beam have output power of more than 200 mW. The generic experimental design can be used to provide multi-structured spatial beams with broad tunability across different spectral regions by proper selection of pump laser and nonlinear material and in all times-scales from continuous-wave to ultrafast femtosecond domain.
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Nguyen HT, Anuszkiewicz A, Lisowska J, Filipkowski A, Kasztelanic R, Buczynski R, Krolikowski W. Numerical analysis of optical vortices generation with nanostructured phase masks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:21143-21154. [PMID: 32680160 DOI: 10.1364/oe.397117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the theoretical formation of optical vortices using a nanostructured gradient index phase mask. We consider structures composed of spatially distributed thermally matched glass nanorods with high and low refractive indices. Influence of effective refractive profile distribution, refractive index contrast of component glasses and charge value on the quality of generation of vortices are discussed. A trade-off between waveguiding and phase modulation effects for various refractive index contrast is presented and analysed.
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20
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Zacharias T, Bahabad A. Light beams with volume superoscillations. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:3482-3485. [PMID: 32630877 DOI: 10.1364/ol.394270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using a superposition of shifted Bessel beams with different longitudinal wave vectors and orbital angular momenta, we realize an optical beam having simultaneous axial, angular, and radial focusing narrower than the Fourier limit. Our findings can be useful for optical particle manipulation and high-resolution microscopy.
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Deng Z, Shapira N, Remez R, Li Y, Arie A. Talbot effect in waveforms containing subwavelength multilobe superoscillations. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2538-2541. [PMID: 32356810 DOI: 10.1364/ol.388263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The self-imaging of periodic light patterns, also known as the Talbot effect, is usually limited to periods that are larger than the wavelength. Here we present, theoretically and experimentally, a method to overcome this limitation by using superoscillating light patterns. The input intensity distribution is a periodic band-limited function with relatively large periods, but it contains regions of multilobe periodic oscillations with periods that are smaller than half of the wavelength. We observe the revival of the input pattern, including the subwavelength superoscillating regions, at large distances of more than 40 times the optical wavelength. Moreover, at fractional Talbot distances, we observe even faster local oscillations, with periods of approximately one-third of the optical wavelength.
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Abstract
It is widely accepted that a signal bandlimited by σ cannot oscillate at higher frequencies. The phenomenon of superoscillation provides a refutation of that quite general belief. Temporal superoscillations have been rarely demonstrated and are mostly treated as a mathematical curiosity. In the present article we demonstrate experimentally for the first time to our best knowledge, the transmission of superoscillating signals through commercial low pass filters. The experimental system used for the demonstration is described, providing the insight into the transmission of superoscillations, or super-narrow pulses. Thus, while the phenomenon may seem rather esoteric, a very simple system is used for our demonstration.
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Fu S, Guo C, Liu G, Li Y, Yin H, Li Z, Chen Z. Spin-Orbit Optical Hall Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:243904. [PMID: 31922837 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.243904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The optical Hall effect manifests itself as angular momentum separation induced by the photonic spin-orbit interaction. Such a celebrated Hall effect, at the mercy of the angular momentum conservation law, has attracted tremendous interest owing to its science and potential applications in precision measurements, material characterizations, and photonic devices, as well as quantum optics. However, to date, the Hall effect only expresses angular momentum separation of the spin term (spin-spin separation) or the orbital term (orbit-orbit separation), whereas the spin-orbit angular momentum separation, named as the spin-orbit Hall effect, remains unexplored. Here we demonstrate for the first time that this spin-orbit effect could appear when the polarization state of the light beam evolves adiabatically from the equator toward the poles of the higher-order Poincaré sphere, rather than the conventional Poincaré sphere. In this scenario, the intrinsic spin and orbital components of the light beam become separated, leading to equal nonzero spin and orbital angular momenta in magnitude but with the opposite sign. We further show that the spin-orbit Hall effect can be controlled via crystal birefringence and hence holds promise for applications; e.g., it is shown that the separated orbital angular momentum could be utilized in particle manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhe Fu
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chaoheng Guo
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongyao Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhenqiang Chen
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Shapira N, Deng Z, Remez R, Singh D, Katzav E, Arie A. Multi-lobe superoscillation and its application to structured illumination microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:34530-34541. [PMID: 31878641 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.034530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Superoscillating function is a band-limited function that is locally oscillating faster than its highest Fourier component. In this work, we study and implement methods to generate multi-lobe optical superoscillating beams, with nearly constant intensity and constant local frequency. We generated superoscillating patterns having up to 12 sub-wavelength oscillations, with local frequency of 20% to 40% above the band-limit. We then test the potential application of these beams to super-resolution structured illumination microscopy. By utilizing the Moiré effect on a fluorescent grating, we have demonstrated experimentally resolution improvement over the conventional sinusoidal illumination. Our simulations show that structured illumination microscopy with super oscillating multi-lobe beams can provide more than twofold improvement in resolution, with respect to the classical diffraction limit and for coherent or incoherent modalities.
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Ultrasonic super-oscillation wave-packets with an acoustic meta-lens. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3411. [PMID: 31363090 PMCID: PMC6667482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Schrödinger equation is a fundamental equation to describe the wave function of a quantum-mechanical system. The similar forms between the Schrödinger equation and the paraxial wave equation allow a paradigm shift from the quantum mechanics to classical fields, opening up a plethora of interesting phenomena including the optical super-oscillatory behavior. Here, we propose an ultrasonic meta-lens for generating super-oscillation acoustic wave-packets with different spatial momenta and then superimposing them to a diffraction-limit-broken spot, visually represented by the ring-shaped trapping of tiny particles. Moreover, based on the focused super-oscillation packets, we experimentally verify proof-of-concept super-resolution ultrasound imaging, opening up the arena of super-oscillation ultrasonics for advanced acoustic imaging, biomedical applications, and versatile far-field ultrasound control. Here, the authors propose an ultrasonic meta-lens for generating super-oscillation wave packets with different spatial momenta and then superimposing them to a diffraction-limit-broken spot. They experimentally verify super-resolution ultrasound imaging of subwavelength objects.
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Nagar H, Admon T, Goldman D, Eyal A, Roichman Y. Optical trapping below the diffraction limit with a tunable beam waist using super-oscillating beams. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:2430-2433. [PMID: 31090699 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.002430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Super-oscillating beams can be used to create light spots whose size is below the diffraction limit with a side ring of high intensity adjacent to them. Optical traps made of the super-oscillating part of such beams exhibit superior localization of submicron beads compared to regular optical traps. Here we focus on the effect of the ratio of particle size to beam size on the localization and stiffness of optical traps made of super-oscillating beams. We find a nonmonotonic dependence of trapping stiffness on the ratio of particle size to beam size. Optimal trapping is achieved when the particle is larger than the beam waist of the super-oscillating feature but small enough not to overlap with the side ring.
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Wang C, Yang L, Hu Y, Rao S, Wang Y, Pan D, Ji S, Zhang C, Su Y, Zhu W, Li J, Wu D, Chu J. Femtosecond Mathieu Beams for Rapid Controllable Fabrication of Complex Microcages and Application in Trapping Microobjects. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4667-4676. [PMID: 30865422 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Structured laser beam based microfabrication technology provides a rapid and flexible way to create some special microstructures. As an important member in the propagation of invariant structured optical fields, Mathieu beams (MBs) exhibit regular intensity distribution and diverse controllable parameters, which makes it extremely suitable for flexible fabrication of functional microstructures. In this study, MBs are generated by a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) and used for femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization (TPP) fabrication. Based on structured beams, a dynamic holographic processing method for controllable three-dimensional (3D) microcage fabrication has been presented. MBs with diverse intensity distributions are generated by controlling the phase factors imprinted on MBs with a SLM, including feature parity, ellipticity parameter q, and integer m. The focusing properties of MBs in a high numerical aperture laser microfabrication system are theoretically and experimentally investigated. On this basis, complex two-dimensional microstructures and functional 3D microcages are rapidly and flexibly fabricated by the controllable patterned focus, which enhances the fabrication speed by 2 orders of magnitude compared with conventional single-point TPP. The fabricated microcages act as a nontrivial tool for trapping and sorting microparticles with different sizes. Finally, culturing of budding yeasts is investigated with these microcages, which demonstrates its application as 3D cell culture scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Liang Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Shenglong Rao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Deng Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Shengyun Ji
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Chenchu Zhang
- Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Yahui Su
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Wulin Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Dong Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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Yuan G, Rogers ETF, Zheludev NI. "Plasmonics" in free space: observation of giant wavevectors, vortices, and energy backflow in superoscillatory optical fields. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:2. [PMID: 30622705 PMCID: PMC6318212 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Evanescent light can be localized at the nanoscale by resonant absorption in a plasmonic nanoparticle or taper or by transmission through a nanohole. However, a conventional lens cannot focus free-space light beyond half of the wavelength λ. Nevertheless, precisely tailored interference of multiple waves can form a hotspot in free space of an arbitrarily small size, which is known as superoscillation. Here, we report a new type of integrated metasurface interferometry that allows for the first time mapping of fields with a deep subwavelength resolution ~λ/100. The findings reveal that an electromagnetic field near the superoscillatory hotspot has many features similar to those found near resonant plasmonic nanoparticles or nanoholes: the hotspots are surrounded by nanoscale phase singularities and zones where the phase of the superoscillatory field changes more than tenfold faster than a free-propagating plane wave. Areas with high local wavevectors are pinned to phase vortices and zones of energy backflow (~λ/20 in size) that contribute to tightening of the main focal spot size beyond the Abbe-Rayleigh limit. Our observations reveal some analogy between plasmonic nanofocusing of evanescent waves and superoscillatory nanofocusing of free-space waves and prove the fundamental link between superoscillations and superfocusing, offering new opportunities for nanoscale metrology and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yuan
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
| | - Edward T. F. Rogers
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Nikolay I. Zheludev
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
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29
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An Omnidirectional Morphological Method for Aerial Point Target Detection Based on Infrared Dual-Band Model. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Zhuo L, Long W, Jiang M, Zhu W, Guan H, Tang J, Yu J, Lu H, Zhang J, Chen Z. Graphene-based tunable Imbert-Fedorov shifts and orbital angular momentum sidebands for reflected vortex beams in the terahertz region. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2823-2826. [PMID: 29905698 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Upon reflection, a light beam embedded with m-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) will undergo the Imbert-Fedorov (IF) shift, which induces OAM sidebands. The energies of the neighboring {-m-1} and {-m+1} sideband modes of the reflected beam are always equal. Controllable OAM sidebands are theoretically achieved by introducing a monolayer graphene in a three-layer structure composed of air, hexagonal boron nitride, and metal. By modulating the Fermi energy of graphene, the OAM-dependent IF shift can be tuned from positive to negative values, and the OAM sideband modes can be suppressed or enhanced, since the reflectivity for perpendicular and parallel polarizations vary with the Fermi energy. These findings provide an alternative method for the control of optical OAM in the terahertz region.
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31
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Wang E, Liang Y, Li H, Xie C. Composited holograms for the generation of cylindrical optical lattices and flower modes. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:4633-4638. [PMID: 29877372 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.004633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present composited holograms to realize the azimuthal interference of cylindrical optical lattices (COLs) and the flower modes (FMs) of Fourier transform-truncated Bessel beams (FT-TBB). Three types of binarization operations are evaluated for the composited holograms generated by two FT-TBB with independent topological charges l1 and l2 and the same radial index p=1. Both the numerical solutions and experimental results demonstrate that the four types of COLs and FMs, namely, the conventional COL, interleaved COL, flower-core FM, and polygon-core FM, can be produced by the Fourier transformation of the composited holograms with the same radial index p=1 and topological combinations ||l1|-|l2||<2, ||l1|-|l2||=2, ||l1|-|l2||=3, and ||l1|-|l2||=4, respectively. Moreover, a modified hologram with a scalar factor is introduced for further tailoring of these multi-ring azimuthal distribution profiles. The evolutions of the intensity profiles for various values of the scale factor are presented. Our results indicate that the modified hologram is capable of an in-depth exploration of the desired intensity profile of COLs and FMs, providing a flexible platform for a light potential probe and microscopy.
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32
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Liu J, Li Z. Controlled Mechanical Motions of Microparticles in Optical Tweezers. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E232. [PMID: 30424165 PMCID: PMC6187602 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optical tweezers, formed by a highly focused laser beam, have intriguing applications in biology and physics. Inspired by molecular rotors, numerous optical beams and artificial particles have been proposed to build optical tweezers trapping microparticles, and extensive experiences have been learned towards constructing precise, stable, flexible and controllable micromachines. The mechanism of interaction between particles and localized light fields is quite different for different types of particles, such as metal particles, dielectric particles and Janus particles. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest development on the fundamental and application of optical trapping. The emphasis is placed on controllable mechanical motions of particles, including rotation, translation and their mutual coupling under the optical forces and torques created by a wide variety of optical tweezers operating on different particles. Finally, we conclude by proposing promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Laser and Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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33
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Zhao G, Zheng C, Kuang C, Zhou R, Kabir MM, Toussaint KC, Wang W, Xu L, Li H, Xiu P, Liu X. Nonlinear Focal Modulation Microscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:193901. [PMID: 29799223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.193901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate nonlinear focal modulation microscopy (NFOMM) to achieve superresolution imaging. Traditional approaches to superresolution that utilize point scanning often rely on spatially reducing the size of the emission pattern by directly narrowing (e.g., through minimizing the detection pinhole in Airyscan, Zeiss) or indirectly peeling its outer profiles [e.g., through depleting the outer emission region in stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy]. We show that an alternative conceptualization that focuses on maximizing the optical system's frequency shifting ability offers advantages in further improving resolution while reducing system complexity. In NFOMM, a spatial light modulator and a suitably intense laser illumination are used to implement nonlinear focal-field modulation to achieve a transverse spatial resolution of ∼60 nm (∼λ/10). We show that NFOMM is comparable with STED microscopy and suitable for fundamental biology studies, as evidenced in imaging nuclear pore complexes, tubulin and vimentin in Vero cells. Since NFOMM is readily implemented as an add-on module to a laser-scanning microscope, we anticipate wide utility of this new imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mohammad M Kabir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Kimani C Toussaint
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Wensheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Eliezer Y, Singh BK, Hareli L, Bahabad A, Arie A. Experimental realization of structured super-oscillatory pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:4933-4941. [PMID: 29475336 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.004933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally a generic method for the synthesis of optical femtosecond pulses based on Gaussian, Airy and Hermite-Gauss functions, which are transformed to exhibit fringes with tunable width. The width of the fringes is set in some cases to be much narrower than the inverse of the spectral bandwidth. Such pulses might be useful for ultrafast spectroscopy, coherent control and nonlinear optics.
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35
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Ni H, Yuan G, Sun L, Chang N, Zhang D, Chen R, Jiang L, Chen H, Gu Z, Zhao X. Large-scale high-numerical-aperture super-oscillatory lens fabricated by direct laser writing lithography. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20117-20123. [PMID: 35541655 PMCID: PMC9080773 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02644k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, direct laser writing (DLW) lithography is employed to fabricate a large-scale and high-numerical-aperture super-oscillatory lens (SOL), which is capable of achieving a sub-Abbe–Rayleigh diffraction limit focus in the optical far-field region by delicate interference. Large-diameter (600 μm), amplitude-modulated and phase-type SOLs with the smallest annular ring width of 1 μm are fabricated, and they have high quality. The dependence of DLW printing on the fabrication parameters including substrate materials, laser power, and scanning speed is well investigated. A standard procedure to manufacture high-quality binary amplitude SOLs is presented, which avoids direct printing patterns on metal films and reduces the surface roughness dramatically. Random displacements between squares constituting SOLs are discussed, and their influence on the focusing performance is studied by both numerical simulations and experiments. The optical performances of the SOLs fabricated by the DLW method are experimentally characterized, and a needle-like focus with a spot size of 0.42λ and a depth of focus of ∼6 μm are confirmed at a working distance of 100 μm for λ = 633 nm, thus giving an effective numerical aperture as high as 1.19 in air. As a complementary sub-micrometer fabrication method between traditional lithography and nanofabrication method, DLW is proved to be a promising approach to manufacture SOLs, presenting advantages of relatively high speed, low equipment volume, less complexity and sub-micrometer lateral resolution. Such SOLs can be very useful in high resolution bio-imaging on rough surfaces and in the related research fields. Super-oscillatory lens achieving sub-Abbe–Rayleigh diffraction limit focusing in the optical far-field were produced by direct laser writing (DLW) lithography method.![]()
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