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An integrin αEβ7-dependent mechanism of IgA transcytosis requires direct plasma cell contact with intestinal epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1347-1357. [PMID: 34417548 PMCID: PMC8528714 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficient IgA transcytosis is critical for the maintenance of a homeostatic microbiota. In the canonical model, locally-secreted dimeric (d)IgA reaches the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) on intestinal epithelium via simple diffusion. A role for integrin αE(CD103)β7 during transcytosis has not been described, nor its expression by intestinal B cell lineage cells. We found that αE-deficient (αE-/-) mice have a luminal IgA deficit, despite normal antibody-secreting cells (ASC) recruitment, local IgA production and increased pIgR expression. This deficit was not due to dendritic cell (DC)-derived retinoic acid (RA) nor class-switching defects, as stool from RAG-/- mice reconstituted with αE-/- B cells was also IgA deficient. Flow cytometric, ultrastructural and transcriptional profiling showed that αEβ7-expressing ASC represent an undescribed subset of terminally-differentiated intestinal plasma cells (PC) that establishes direct cell to cell contact with intestinal epithelium. We propose that IgA not only reaches pIgR through diffusion, but that αEβ7+ PC dock with E-cadherin-expressing intestinal epithelium to directly relay IgA for transcytosis into the intestinal lumen.
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Maślanka T, Clapp B, Hoffman C, Robison A, Gregorczyk I, Pascual DW. Nasal vaccination of β7 integrin-deficient mice retains elevated IgA immunity. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:667-681. [PMID: 32479679 PMCID: PMC9810040 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the migration of lymphocytes to nonintestinal mucosal sites is fundamental to developing mucosal vaccination strategies. Studies have shown that nasal and oral immunization with cholera toxin (CT) stimulates, in addition to α4β7+ , the induction of αE (CD103)β7+ B cells. To determine the extent to which αE-associated β7 contributes to antigen (Ag)-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A responses in the upper respiratory tract, nasal CT vaccination was performed in wild-type (wt) and β7-/- mice. At 16 days postprimary immunization, upper respiratory tract IgA responses were greater in β7-/- mice than in wt mice. IgA induction by distal β7-/- Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and small intestinal lamina propria was minimal, in contrast to elevated gut IgA responses in wt mice. By 42 days postprimary immunization, β7-/- gut IgA responses were restored, and upper respiratory tract Ag-specific IgA responses were equivalent to those of wt mice. Examination of homing receptor expression and cell-sorting experiments revealed that β7-/- mice have increased usage of β1 and αE integrins by upper respiratory tract B cells, suggesting that alternative integrins can facilitate lymphocyte migration to the upper respiratory tract, especially in the absence of β7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Maślanka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-718, Poland
| | - Beata Clapp
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Amanda Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Izabela Gregorczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-718, Poland
| | - David W Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
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Tsuruhara A, Aso K, Tokuhara D, Ohori J, Kawabata M, Kurono Y, McGhee JR, Fujihashi K. Rejuvenation of mucosal immunosenescence by adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int Immunol 2017; 29:5-10. [PMID: 28391291 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated alterations in the mucosal immune system are generally termed mucosal immunosenescence. The major change seen in the aged mucosa is a failure to elicit an antigen-specific secretory IgA (SIgA) antibody response, which is a central player for host defense from various pathogens at mucosal surfaces. In this regard, it would be a first priority to compensate for mucosal dysregulation in the elderly in order to maintain their health in aging. We have successfully established antigen-specific SIgA antibody responses in aged (2 years old) mice, which provide protective immunity from Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus infections, by using a new adjuvant system consisting of a plasmid encoding Flt3 ligand (pFL) and CpG ODN. In order to explore possible use of current mucosal vaccine strategies for the elderly, we have adoptively transferred adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) to aged mice prior to mucosal vaccination. This immune therapy successfully resulted in protective antigen-specific antibody responses in the intestinal mucosa of aged mice that were comparable to those seen in young adult mice. In this regard, we postulate that adoptively transferred AMSCs could augment dendritic cell functions in aged mice. The potential cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby AMSCs restore mucosal immunity in immunosenescence are discussed in this short review. A stem cell transfer system could be an attractive and effective immunologic intervention strategy to reverse mucosal immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Tsuruhara
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue South, SDB 801 A1, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Aso
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue South, SDB 801 A1, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Asahi-cho 1-5-7, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Osaka 545-0051, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tokuhara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Asahi-cho 1-5-7, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Osaka 545-0051, Japan
| | - Junichiro Ohori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue South, SDB 801 A1, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masaki Kawabata
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue South, SDB 801 A1, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kurono
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Jerry R McGhee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue South, SDB 801 A1, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue South, SDB 801 A1, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
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Chen YS, Lin HH, Hsueh PT, Ni WF, Liu PJ, Chen PS, Chang HH, Sun DS, Chen YL. Involvement of L-selectin expression in Burkholderia pseudomallei-infected monocytes invading the brain during murine melioidosis. Virulence 2016; 8:751-766. [PMID: 27646437 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1232239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of neurologic melioidosis was linked to the elicitation of Burkholderia pseudomallei-infected L-selectinhiCD11b+ BALB/c cells in our previous study. However, whether monocytic L-selectin (CD62L, encoded by the sell gene) is a key factor remains uncertain. In the present study, after establishing multi-organ foci via hematogenous routes, we demonstrated that B. pseudomallei GFP steadily persisted in blood, splenic, hepatic and bone marrow (BM) Ly6C monocytes; however, the circulating CD16/32+CD45hiGFP+ brain-infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) derived from the blood Ly6C monocytes were expanded in BALB/c but not in C57BL/6 bacteremic melioidosis. Consistent with these results, 60% of BALB/c mice but only 10% of C57BL/6 mice exhibited neurologic melioidosis. In a time-dependent manner, B. pseudomallei invaded C57BL/6 BM-derived phagocytes and monocytic progenitors by 2 d. The number of Ly6C+CD62L+GFP+ inflamed cells that had expanded in the BM and that were ready for emigration peaked on d 21 post-infection. Hematogenous B. pseudomallei-loaded sell+/+Ly6C monocytes exacerbated the bacterial loads and the proportion of Ly6C+GFP+ BILs in the recipient brains compared to sell-/- infected Ly6C cells when adoptively transferred. Moreover, a neutralizing anti-CD62L antibody significantly depleted the bacterial colonization of the brain following adoptive transfer of B. pseudomallei-loaded C57BL/6 or BALB/c Ly6C cells. Our data thus suggest that Ly6C+CD62L+ infected monocytes served as a Trojan horse across the cerebral endothelium to induce brain infection. Therefore, CD62L should be considered as not only a temporally elicited antigen but also a disease-relevant leukocyte marker during the development of neurologic melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Shen Chen
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,b Department of Internal Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsun Lin
- c Section of Infectious Disease , Department of Medicine , E-Da Hospital and University , Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Pei-Tan Hsueh
- d Department of Biological Science , National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,e Department of Biotechnology , National Kaohsiung Normal University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fen Ni
- e Department of Biotechnology , National Kaohsiung Normal University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Liu
- e Department of Biotechnology , National Kaohsiung Normal University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shih Chen
- f Department of Public Health , College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,g Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- h Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics , Tzu Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- h Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics , Tzu Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lei Chen
- e Department of Biotechnology , National Kaohsiung Normal University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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Fukuyama Y, Ikeda Y, Ohori J, Sugita G, Aso K, Fujihashi K, Briles DE, McGhee JR, Fujihashi K. A molecular mucosal adjuvant to enhance immunity against pneumococcal infection in the elderly. Immune Netw 2015; 15:9-15. [PMID: 25713504 PMCID: PMC4338268 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) causes a major upper respiratory tract infection often leading to severe illness and death in the elderly. Thus, it is important to induce safe and effective mucosal immunity against this pathogen in order to prevent pnuemocaccal infection. However, this is a very difficult task to elicit protective mucosal IgA antibody responses in older individuals. A combind nasal adjuvant consisting of a plasmid encoding the Flt3 ligand cDNA (pFL) and CpG oligonucleotide (CpG ODN) successfully enhanced S. pneumoniae-specific mucosal immunity in aged mice. In particular, a pneumococcal surface protein A-based nasal vaccine given with pFL and CpG ODN induced complete protection from S. pneumoniae infection. These results show that nasal delivery of a combined DNA adjuvant offers an attractive potential for protection against the pneumococcus in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Fukuyama
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yorihiko Ikeda
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Junichiro Ohori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gen Sugita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Aso
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Keiko Fujihashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David E Briles
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jerry R McGhee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Fujkuyama Y, Tokuhara D, Kataoka K, Gilbert RS, McGhee JR, Yuki Y, Kiyono H, Fujihashi K. Novel vaccine development strategies for inducing mucosal immunity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 11:367-79. [PMID: 22380827 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To develop protective immune responses against mucosal pathogens, the delivery route and adjuvants for vaccination are important. The host, however, strives to maintain mucosal homeostasis by responding to mucosal antigens with tolerance, instead of immune activation. Thus, induction of mucosal immunity through vaccination is a rather difficult task, and potent mucosal adjuvants, vectors or other special delivery systems are often used, especially in the elderly. By taking advantage of the common mucosal immune system, the targeting of mucosal dendritic cells and microfold epithelial cells may facilitate the induction of effective mucosal immunity. Thus, novel routes of immunization and antigen delivery systems also show great potential for the development of effective and safe mucosal vaccines against various pathogens. The purpose of this review is to introduce several recent approaches to induce mucosal immunity to vaccines, with an emphasis on mucosal tissue targeting, new immunization routes and delivery systems. Defining the mechanisms of mucosal vaccines is as important as their efficacy and safety, and in this article, examples of recent approaches, which will likely accelerate progress in mucosal vaccine development, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Fujkuyama
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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