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Regan D, Garcia K, Thamm D. Clinical, Pathological, and Ethical Considerations for the Conduct of Clinical Trials in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Cancer: A Comparative Approach to Accelerate Translational Drug Development. ILAR J 2019; 59:99-110. [PMID: 30668709 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of comparative oncology in translational research is receiving increasing attention from drug developers and the greater biomedical research community. Pet dogs with spontaneous cancer are important and underutilized translational models, owing to dogs' large size and relative outbreeding, combined with their high incidence of certain tumor histotypes with significant biological, genetic, and histological similarities to their human tumor counterparts. Dogs with spontaneous tumors naturally develop therapy resistance and spontaneous metastasis, all in the context of an intact immune system. These fundamental features of cancer biology are often lacking in induced or genetically engineered preclinical tumor models and likely contribute to their poor predictive value and the associated overall high failure rate in oncology drug development. Thus, the conduct of clinical trials in pet dogs with naturally occurring cancer represents a viable surrogate and valuable intermediary step that should be increasingly incorporated into the cancer drug discovery and development pipeline. The development of molecular-targeted therapies has resulted in an expanded role of the pathologist in human oncology trials, and similarly the expertise of veterinary pathologists will be increasingly valuable to all phases of comparative oncology trial design and conduct. In this review, we provide a framework of clinical, ethical, and pathology-focused considerations for the increasing integration of translational research investigations in dogs with spontaneous cancer as a means to accelerate clinical cancer discovery and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kelly Garcia
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Calabuig-Fariñas S, Jantus-Lewintre E, Herreros-Pomares A, Camps C. Circulating tumor cells versus circulating tumor DNA in lung cancer-which one will win? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016; 5:466-482. [PMID: 27826528 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2016.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies appear to be a reliable alternative to conventional biopsies that can provide both precise molecular data useful for improving the clinical management of lung cancer patients as well as a less invasive way of monitoring tumor behavior. These advances are supported by important biotechnological developments in the fields of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Analysis of CTCs and ctDNA may be useful in treatment selection, for response monitoring, and in studying resistance mechanisms. This review focuses on the most recent technological achievements and the most relevant clinical applications for lung cancer patients in the CTC and ctDNA fields, highlighting those that are already (or are close to) being implemented in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eloísa Jantus-Lewintre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Herreros-Pomares
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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3
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Bansal P, Osman D, Gan GN, Simon GR, Boumber Y. Recent Advances in Targetable Therapeutics in Metastatic Non-Squamous NSCLC. Front Oncol 2016; 6:112. [PMID: 27200298 PMCID: PMC4854869 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, and effective targeted therapies, therapeutic options are expanding for patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we review novel therapies in non-squamous NSCLC, which are directed against oncogenic targets, including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), RET, and NTRK. With the rapidly evolving molecular testing and development of new targeted agents, our ability to further personalize therapy in non-squamous NSCLC is rapidly expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranshu Bansal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Diaa Osman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Gregory N Gan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Section of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - George R Simon
- Department of Thoracic and Head/Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Cancer Genetics, Epigenetics, and Genomics Research Program, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Teruya-Feldstein J. The immunohistochemistry laboratory: looking at molecules and preparing for tomorrow. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 134:1659-65. [PMID: 21043819 DOI: 10.5858/2009-0582-rar1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Surgical and subspecialty pathologists rely heavily on the patient's clinical context, imaging studies, morphology, and on ancillary studies such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), cytogenetics, and molecular diagnostics in arriving at accurate, contemporary diagnoses. Lymphoma/leukemia classification has led the way in the number of antibodies used in IHC algorithmic diagnostic approaches to distinguish more than 40 diseases. As the era of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and targeted pathway therapeutics unfolds-and as infusion of federal funds to programs such as Accelerating Clinical Trials of Novel Oncologic PathWays (ACTNOW) requires that correlative biomarker assays be performed in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA)-certified IHC laboratories-we face changes and challenges for the future. OBJECTIVE To discuss the laboratory, pertinent daily diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic uses of IHC, and future directions and challenges. DATA SOURCES Recent literature review and ongoing current activities in our laboratory and institution. CONCLUSIONS Meticulous attention at the microscope by expert subspecialty pathologists using ancillary methods is important in making correct diagnoses. Awareness of the literature and interactions with our research colleagues, including clinical, basic, and translational scientists, continue to expand our insights into and understanding of complex diseases; this will ultimately provide prognostic information to assist in appropriate clinical management of our patients and development of new targeted or combination therapies. Multimodality correlations will continue, with morphology, imaging data, immunophenotyping, and genetics as well as steadily increasing integration of pathway signaling, genome, sequenome, transcriptome, and proteome data used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Teruya-Feldstein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Timens W, Murer B. Perspectives in lung pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 134:24-6. [PMID: 20073601 DOI: 10.5858/2009-0431-ed.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, HPC EA10, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Yu Z, Parham DM. Paediatric soft tissue tumours: from histology to molecular diagnosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Fléjou JF, Cervera P. [Pathology: on the way to molecular analysis]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 33:767-74. [PMID: 19692190 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, pathology has been playing an important role in digestive diseases, especially in digestive cancers. This contribution was based and is still based on classical morphological techniques: staining of cells and tissues and recognition of diagnostic morphological patterns characteristic for a disease. Pathology is changing, and accompanies major improvements in endoscopy and imaging of gastrointestinal diseases, and new high throughput biological techniques. Recent examples show that molecular pathology (including immunohistochemistry), often included in wider "biopathology" processes, participates to pathophysiological research (for example recognition of the serrated pathway in colorectal carcinogenesis and its relation with microsatellite instability and methylation of promoters), and to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (for example targeted therapies of gastrointestinal stromal tumours). However, the current example of the recognition of predictive factors of response to anti-EGFR treatments in colorectal cancer shows that morphological and non morphological techniques have to find their respective role in this kind of process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Fléjou
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Faculté de Médecine Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 75012, Paris, France.
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Lopez–Beltran A, Kirkali Z, Cheng L, Egevad L, Regueiro JC, Blanca A, Montironi R. Targeted therapies and biological modifiers in urologic tumors: pathobiology and clinical implications. Semin Diagn Pathol 2008; 25:232-44. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Brousset P. Marqueurs moléculaires ayant une valeur pronostique ou thérapeutique dans les cancers. Ann Pathol 2008; 28 Spec No 1:S69-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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