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Donzel M, Bonjour M, Combes JD, Broussais F, Sesques P, Traverse-Glehen A, de Martel C. Lymphomas associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection in 2020: Results from a large, unselected case series in France. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 54:101674. [PMID: 36204003 PMCID: PMC9531037 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite mounting evidence for a causal role in an increasing number of lymphoma subtypes, very few studies have systematically tested the entire spectrum of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Here, we describe the prevalence of EBV in a large, unselected series of patients diagnosed with any type of lymphoma during 2020, in the pathology department of a single University Hospital in France. Methods A total of 756 lymphoma cases (89% new diagnoses and 11% relapses), were registered in the department between Jan 1 and Sept 30, 2020 and 616 were successfully tested for EBV presence in tumour cells by EBV-encoding RNA in-situ hybridisation, using double-blinded assessment and a scoring system designed in accordance with the current state of knowledge in the literature. Findings A strong association with EBV was described in 27/87 (31%) classic Hodgkin lymphomas, 12/223 (5%) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and 18/71 (25%) NK and T-cell lymphomas: 4 extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas, nasal type, 14 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (48%). In Hodgkin and NK and T-cell lymphomas, there was a statistically significant association between EBER positivity and relapse (p < 0·01). Among other subtypes, a potential association with EBV (≥10% stained cells) was found in 2/97 (2%) follicular lymphomas, both of grades 1-2, 1/19 (5%) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), 1/9 lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas (11%), and 2/47 (4%) marginal zone lymphomas. Interpretation When applied to the distribution of lymphomas in France as described in the Lymphopath database, our data suggested that at least 8% of all combined Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas are associated with EBV. Funding International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Donzel
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut de Pathologie Multisite, Hôpital Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Maxime Bonjour
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut de Pathologie Multisite, Hôpital Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Damien Combes
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Florence Broussais
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Pierre Sesques
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-S1052; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Traverse-Glehen
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut de Pathologie Multisite, Hôpital Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon; INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-S1052; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine de Martel
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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Ma H, O'Connor OA, Marchi E. Management of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL) and other T Follicular Helper Cell lymphomas (TFH PTCL). Semin Hematol 2021; 58:95-102. [PMID: 33906727 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable improvements in the treatment and outcome of patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma, the peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) continue to carry a poor prognosis with the presently available treatment options. The PTCL are very rare diseases that account for only 10,000 to 15,000 new cases per year in the United States. The World Health Organization's 2016 classification describes 29 distinct subtypes of PTCL, thus making these both rate and incredibly heterogenous. The 2 most common forms of PTCL, for example, peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma , have an incidence of only 2500 and 1800 cases per year respectively, in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ma
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine, Long Beach, CA
| | - Owen A O'Connor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Enrica Marchi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
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Application of a 5 Marker Panel to the Routine Diagnosis of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma With T-Follicular Helper Phenotype. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 43:1282-1290. [PMID: 31283630 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The 2017 World Health Organization update introduced a new category of nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma with T-follicular helper phenotype (PTCL-TFH) defined by expression of at least 2 or 3 TFH markers. Our study assesses the utility of an immunohistochemical panel of 5 TFH markers (CD10, BCL6, PD-1, CXCL13, and ICOS) for identification of TFH phenotype in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS). Immunohistochemical for the 5 markers was performed on 22 cases of AITL and 29 cases of PTCL-NOS. Cases were reviewed for morphologic features characteristic of AITL. All AITL cases showed expression of ≥2 TFH markers. This panel resulted in reclassification of 41% PTCL-NOS cases to PTCL-TFH. Positive percent agreement for the TFH phenotype is 97% for PD1, 94% for ICOS, 44% for CD10 and CXCL13, and 29% for BCL6. Negative percent agreement for TFH phenotype is 100% for CD10, BCL6, and CXCL13, 82% for ICOS and 71% for PD1. AITL cases were more likely than PTCL-TFH cases to contain expanded CD21-positive follicular dendritic cell meshworks, clear cell cytology and polymorphous inflammatory background; however, there was a significant (P<0.005) Kruskal-Wallis trend in all morphologic variables between the 3 groups suggesting a continuum from PTCL-NOS to PTCL-TFH to AITL. The median number of morphologic features of AITL also correlated significantly with number of TFH markers positive (Spearman coefficient ρ=0.759). In summary, the stain panel chosen will have an impact on cases classified as PTCL-TFH. This entity may exist along a spectrum between PTCL-NOS and AITL.
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Amatore F, Gorvel L, Olive D. Role of Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS) in cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 20:141-150. [PMID: 31738626 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1693540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The promotion of antitumor response by targeting co-stimulatory B7 superfamily members has become evident to create a new wave of cancer immunotherapy. Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS), which is expressed on activated T cells, gained interest in the translational medicine community.Areas covered: We performed an extensive literature review using the keywords 'ICOS' and 'cancer', and the Clinicaltrials.gov database for early phase clinical trials targeting ICOS. In this review, we highlight the dual role of ICOS in oncogenesis in different malignancies. We summarize the current state of knowledge about ICOS/ICOSL pathway targeting by immunotherapies.Expert opinion: Due to its multifaceted link with anti-tumor immunity, both antagonist and agonist antibodies might be of interest to target the ICOS/ICOSL pathway for tumor treatment. Indeed, ICOS activation might potentiate the effect of an inhibitory checkpoint blockade, while its neutralization could decrease the function of immunosuppressive Tregs and inhibit lymphoid tumor cells expressing Tfh markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Amatore
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
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Murga-Zamalloa C, Wilcox RA. GATA-3 in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:170-177. [PMID: 31317631 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GATA-3 regulates the differentiation, proliferation, survival, and function of peripheral T cells and their thymic progenitors. Recent findings, reviewed here, not only implicate GATA-3 in the pathogenesis of molecularly, genetically, and clinically distinct T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, but also have significant diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Murga-Zamalloa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ryan A Wilcox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Jevremovic D, Olteanu H. Flow Cytometry Applications in the Diagnosis of T/NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2019; 96:99-115. [PMID: 30729667 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the role of flow cytometry in the diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of T and NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. For each category, we will briefly discuss the immunophenotypic features of normal T and NK cells, and address technical issues in flow cytometry, the approach to diagnosis in various contexts, pitfalls in interpretation, and its use in follow-up and post-therapy management. In addition to reviewing the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic utility of flow cytometric immunophenotyping in several of specific T and NK cell entities, we will also cover some of the new immunophenotypic markers. Furthermore, we will touch upon incorporation of flow cytometry in the final diagnosis, including correlation with other ancillary tests. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Jevremovic
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Horatiu Olteanu
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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8
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Schwartz FH, Cai Q, Fellmann E, Hartmann S, Mäyränpää MI, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Sundström C, Scholtysik R, Hansmann ML, Küppers R. TET2
mutations in B cells of patients affected by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. J Pathol 2017; 242:129-133. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike H Schwartz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen; Medical School; Essen Germany
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt; Medical School; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Qian Cai
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen; Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - Eva Fellmann
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt; Medical School; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt; Medical School; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- HUSLAB, Division of Pathology, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Karjalainen-Lindsberg
- Department of Pathology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- HUSLAB, Division of Pathology, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Christer Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
| | - René Scholtysik
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen; Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt; Medical School; Frankfurt Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen; Medical School; Essen Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Germany
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Ma H, Abdul-Hay M. T-cell lymphomas, a challenging disease: types, treatments, and future. Int J Clin Oncol 2016; 22:18-51. [PMID: 27743148 PMCID: PMC7102240 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-016-1045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas are rare and aggressive malignancies associated with poor outcome, often because of the development of resistance in the lymphoma against chemotherapy as well as intolerance in patients to the established and toxic chemotherapy regimens. In this review article, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, current standard of care, and future treatments of common types of T-cell lymphomas, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, aggressive NK/T-cell lymphoma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maher Abdul-Hay
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Alikhan M, Song JY, Sohani AR, Moroch J, Plonquet A, Duffield AS, Borowitz MJ, Jiang L, Bueso-Ramos C, Inamdar K, Menon MP, Gurbuxani S, Chan E, Smith SM, Nicolae A, Jaffe ES, Gaulard P, Venkataraman G. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas of follicular helper T-cell type frequently display an aberrant CD3(-/dim)CD4(+) population by flow cytometry: an important clue to the diagnosis of a Hodgkin lymphoma mimic. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1173-82. [PMID: 27312067 PMCID: PMC6331059 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nodal follicular helper T-cell-derived lymphoproliferations (specifically the less common peripheral T-cell lymphomas of follicular type) exhibit a spectrum of histologic features that may mimic reactive hyperplasia or Hodgkin lymphoma. Even though angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma of follicular type share a common biologic origin from follicular helper T-cells and their morphology has been well characterized, flow cytometry of peripheral T-cell lymphomas of follicular type has not been widely discussed as a tool for identifying this reactive hyperplasia/Hodgkin lymphoma mimic. We identified 10 peripheral T-cell lymphomas of follicular type with available flow cytometry data from five different institutions, including two cases with peripheral blood evaluation. For comparison, we examined flow cytometry data for 8 classical Hodgkin lymphomas (including 1 lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma), 15 nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphomas, 15 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, and 26 reactive nodes. Lymph node histology and flow cytometry data were reviewed, specifically for the presence of a CD3(-/dim)CD4(+) aberrant T-cell population (described in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas), besides other T-cell aberrancies. Nine of 10 (90%) peripheral T-cell lymphomas of follicular type showed a CD3(-/dim)CD4(+) T-cell population constituting 29.3% (range 7.9-62%) of all lymphocytes. Five of 10 (50%) had nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma or lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma-like morphology with scattered Hodgkin-like cells that expressed CD20, CD30, CD15, and MUM1. Three cases had a nodular growth pattern and three others exhibited a perifollicular growth pattern without Hodgkin-like cells. Epstein-Barr virus was positive in 1 of 10 cases (10%). PCR analysis showed clonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement in all 10 peripheral T-cell lymphomas of follicular type. By flow cytometry, 11 of 15 (73.3%) angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas showed the CD3(-/dim)CD4(+) population (mean: 19.5%, range: 3-71.8%). Using a threshold of 3% for CD3(-/dim)CD4(+) T cells, all 15 nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma controls and 8 classical Hodgkin lymphomas were negative (Mann-Whitney P=0.01, F-PTCL vs Hodgkin lymphomas), as were 25 of 26 reactive lymph nodes. The high frequency of CD3(-/dim)CD4(+) aberrant T cells is similar in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas and peripheral T-cell lymphomas of follicular type, and is a useful feature in distinguishing peripheral T-cell lymphomas of follicular type from morphologic mimics such as reactive hyperplasia or Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Alikhan
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joo Y Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Aliyah R Sohani
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julien Moroch
- Department of Pathology, University of Paris-Est, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Anne Plonquet
- Department of Immunology, University of Paris-Est, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Amy S Duffield
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Liuyan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Kedar Inamdar
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health systems, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Madhu P Menon
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health systems, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ernest Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonali M Smith
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alina Nicolae
- National Cancer Institute, Section of Hematopathology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elaine S Jaffe
- National Cancer Institute, Section of Hematopathology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- Department of Pathology, University of Paris-Est, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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Loghavi S, Wang SA, Medeiros LJ, Jorgensen JL, Li X, Xu-Monette ZY, Miranda RN, Young KH. Immunophenotypic and diagnostic characterization of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma by advanced flow cytometric technology. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2804-2812. [PMID: 27105079 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2016.1170827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) often shows systemic symptoms related to immune dysregulation and cytokine production. Biopsy usually harbors few malignant cells in an abundant reactive background, which can be diagnostically challenging in cases with small biopsies. This study was performed to assess the value of flow cytometry (FC) and to determine the immunophenotypic alterations in 155 samples from 38 patients with AITL. FC detected an aberrant T-cell population in 97 of 155 samples that represented 0.5-90% of lymphocytes. Blood was involved in 11 of 16 patients. The most frequent immunophenotypic aberrancies included loss of CD3; altered T-cell receptor expression and aberrant CD10 expression. Altered CD3 expression was more frequently seen in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM), whereas aberrant CD10 expression was more common in lymph node (LN). AITL cells often exhibit abnormal CD4+ immunophenotype with diminished or absent CD3 and variable CD10 expression. Multiparameter FC is an effective tool for supporting the diagnosis of AITL in any fluid and various tissue specimens types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Loghavi
- a Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Sa A Wang
- a Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- a Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Jeffrey L Jorgensen
- a Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Xin Li
- a Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- a Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- a Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Ken H Young
- a Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Lefèvre G, Copin MC, Roumier C, Aubert H, Avenel-Audran M, Grardel N, Poulain S, Staumont-Sallé D, Seneschal J, Salles G, Ghomari K, Terriou L, Leclech C, Morati-Hafsaoui C, Morschhauser F, Lambotte O, Ackerman F, Trauet J, Geffroy S, Dumezy F, Capron M, Roche-Lestienne C, Taieb A, Hatron PY, Dubucquoi S, Hachulla E, Prin L, Labalette M, Launay D, Preudhomme C, Kahn JE. CD3-CD4+ lymphoid variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome: nodal and extranodal histopathological and immunophenotypic features of a peripheral indolent clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Haematologica 2015; 100:1086-95. [PMID: 25682606 PMCID: PMC5004425 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.118042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD3(-)CD4(+) lymphoid variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome is characterized by hypereosinophilia and clonal circulating CD3(-)CD4(+) T cells. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma has been described during this disease course, and we observed in our cohort of 23 patients 2 cases of angio-immunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. We focus here on histopathological (n=12 patients) and immunophenotypic (n=15) characteristics of CD3(-)CD4(+) lymphoid variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome. Atypical CD4(+) T cells lymphoid infiltrates were found in 10 of 12 CD3(-)CD4(+) L-HES patients, in lymph nodes (n=4 of 4 patients), in skin (n=9 of 9) and other extra-nodal tissues (gut, lacrymal gland, synovium). Lymph nodes displayed infiltrates limited to the interfollicular areas or even an effacement of nodal architecture, associated with proliferation of arborizing high endothelial venules and increased follicular dendritic cell meshwork. Analysis of 2 fresh skin samples confirmed the presence of CD3(-)CD4(+) T cells. Clonal T cells were detected in at least one tissue in 8 patients, including lymph nodes (n=4 of 4): the same clonal T cells were detected in blood and in at least one biopsy, with a maximum delay of 23 years between samples. In the majority of cases, circulating CD3(-)CD4(+) T cells were CD2(hi) (n=9 of 14), CD5(hi) (n=12 of 14), and CD7(-)(n=4 of 14) or CD7(low) (n=10 of 14). Angio-immunoblastic T-cell lymphoma can also present with CD3(-)CD4(+) T cells; despite other common histopathological and immunophenotypic features, CD10 expression and follicular helper T-cell markers were not detected in lymphoid variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome patients, except in both patients who developed angio-immunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and only at T-cell lymphoma diagnosis. Taken together, persistence of tissular clonal T cells and histopathological features define CD3(-)CD4(+) lymphoid variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome as a peripheral indolent clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, which should not be confused with angio-immunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lefèvre
- Institute of Immunology, French Eosinophil Network and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille Department of Internal Medicine - Clinical Immunology Unit and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Marie-Christine Copin
- Institute of Pathology and CNRS Unit Research UMR 8161, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Christophe Roumier
- Institute of Hematology and Inserm Unit U837, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Hélène Aubert
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes
| | | | - Nathalie Grardel
- Institute of Hematology and Inserm Unit U837, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Stéphanie Poulain
- Institute of Hematology and Inserm Unit U837, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Delphine Staumont-Sallé
- Department of Dermatology, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases and Inserm Unit Research U1035, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux
| | - Gilles Salles
- Department of Hematology, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Bron
| | | | - Louis Terriou
- Department of Internal Medicine - Clinical Immunology Unit and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Christian Leclech
- Department of Dermatology, Angers University Hospital and UNAM University, Angers
| | | | - Franck Morschhauser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bicêtre University Hospital - APHP, Paris Sud XI University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Department of Hematology, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Félix Ackerman
- Department of Hematology, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Jacques Trauet
- Institute of Immunology, French Eosinophil Network and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Sandrine Geffroy
- Institute of Hematology and Inserm Unit U837, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Florent Dumezy
- Institute of Hematology and Inserm Unit U837, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Monique Capron
- Inserm Unit Research U995, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Catherine Roche-Lestienne
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Inserm Unit U837, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Alain Taieb
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases and Inserm Unit Research U1035, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux
| | - Pierre-Yves Hatron
- Department of Internal Medicine - Clinical Immunology Unit and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Sylvain Dubucquoi
- Institute of Immunology, French Eosinophil Network and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Eric Hachulla
- Institute of Immunology, French Eosinophil Network and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille Department of Internal Medicine - Clinical Immunology Unit and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Lionel Prin
- Institute of Immunology, French Eosinophil Network and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Myriam Labalette
- Institute of Immunology, French Eosinophil Network and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - David Launay
- Institute of Immunology, French Eosinophil Network and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille Department of Internal Medicine - Clinical Immunology Unit and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Claude Preudhomme
- Institute of Hematology and Inserm Unit U837, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Kahn
- Institute of Immunology, French Eosinophil Network and Research Unit EA2686, Lille University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille Department of Internal Medicine, Foch Hospital and Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Suresnes, France
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13
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Beer T, Dorion P. Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma Presenting with an Acute Serologic Epstein-Barr Virus Profile. Hematol Rep 2015; 7:5893. [PMID: 26331002 PMCID: PMC4508553 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2015.5893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma typically characterized by prominent lymphadenopathy and B-symptoms at the time of presentation, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, autoimmune hemolysis and frequent but highly variable involvement of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Lymph node biopsy findings typically include effacement of nodal architecture, polymorphic infiltrate, atypical T-cells (usually CD4+/CD10+/PD1+) and prominent proliferations of high endothelial venules and follicular dendritic cells. However, this classic constellation of pathologic findings is often initially obscured by a prominence of EBV+ B-immunoblasts with or without associated peripherally circulating EBV DNA. Here we document the first reported case of an acute serologic EBV profile (VCA-IgM) in a patient with AITL, and we recommend that clinicians maintain a high index of suspicion for AITL in the appropriate clinical scenario, irrespective of Epstein-Barr related findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Beer
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville , PA, USA
| | - Patrick Dorion
- Department of Hematopathology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville , PA, USA
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Mao ZJ, Surowiecka M, Linden MA, Singleton TP. Abnormal immunophenotype of the T-cell-receptor beta Chain in follicular-helper T cells of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2015; 88:190-3. [PMID: 25619965 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analysis for 24 variable regions of the T-cell-receptor beta chain by flow cytometry (Vbeta) is a new technique to detect clonal alpha-beta T lymphocytes and is characteristically performed on peripheral blood. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) has increased neoplastic follicular-helper T cells (FHT), which often express CD10; but nonneoplastic, CD10-positive T cells may be associated with reactive lymphadenopathy and with B-cell lymphomas. This study documents the utility of Vbeta analysis of FHT in specimens of AITL from blood, from marrow, and from lymph nodes. METHODS The electronic medical record in the flow cytometry laboratory was searched for specimens that were analyzed by flow cytometry for Vbeta and that were involved by AITL. Flow cytometry was performed for the following antigens: T-cell-associated proteins, CD10, CD56, CD94, CD161, killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, alpha-beta T-cell receptor, gamma-delta T-cell receptor, and Vbeta. RESULTS Five patients had six specimens of blood (two), of bone marrow (one), or of lymph nodes (three). Immunophenotypic aberrances were detected for antigens: CD2 (2/6), CD3 (6/6), CD4 (1/6), CD5 (1/6), CD7 (5/6), and CD45 (2/6). All abnormal T-cell populations expressed CD4, and most expressed CD10 (5/6). Four specimens were clonally restricted for Vbeta. Two specimens lacked the alpha-beta T-cell receptor and Vbeta. CONCLUSIONS Vbeta analysis by flow cytometry can be used to detect clonal alpha-beta FHT in AITL, which may be difficult to diagnose with early involvement. Abnormal Vbeta expression on CD10-positive T cells confirms that FHT are the neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Jenny Mao
- Hematopathology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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15
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Cogbill CH, Swerdlow SH, Gibson SE. Utility of CD279/PD-1 immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of benign and neoplastic T-cell-rich bone marrow infiltrates. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 142:88-98. [PMID: 24926091 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpwf77vognovzu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD279 expression is used to help identify angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) or other T-cell lymphomas of T-follicular helper (TFH) cell origin; however, its utility in assessing lymphoid infiltrates in the bone marrow (BM) is not well established. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for CD279 was performed on normal staging BM and in BM with benign lymphoid aggregates (LAs), AITLs, and other T-cell lymphomas. RESULTS Seven of 10 staging BMs demonstrated scattered, usually weakly CD279+ cells. Thirty-four of 38 BMs had scattered weakly/variably intense CD279+ cells within LAs, but only four contained 11% to 25% CD279+ cells. Three of four AITLs were strongly CD279+, but one contained only around 10% CD279+ cells. Eleven of the other 38 T-cell lymphomas were CD279+, including five possible AITLs; four peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified; and two T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemias. CONCLUSIONS Although useful in assessing selected BM lymphoid infiltrates, CD279 expression may be limited in AITLs, is not specific for TFH lymphomas, and can be seen in benign lymphoid infiltrates, although without extensive strong positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven H. Swerdlow
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sarah E. Gibson
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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16
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The microenvironment in T-cell lymphomas: emerging themes. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 24:49-60. [PMID: 24316493 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are heterogeneous and uncommon malignancies characterized by an aggressive clinical course and a mostly poor outcome with current treatment strategies. Despite novel insights into their pathobiology provided by recent genome-wide molecular studies, several entities remain poorly characterized. In addition to the neoplastic cell population, PTCLs have a microenvironment component, composed of non-tumor cells and stroma, which is quantitatively and qualitatively variable, and which may have an effect on their pathological and clinical features. The best example is provided by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), a designation reflecting the typical vascularization and reactive immunoblastic content of the tumor tissues. In this disease, a complex network of interactions between the lymphoma cells and the microenvironment exists, presumably mediated by the neoplastic T cells with follicular helper T-cell properties. A better understanding of the crosstalk between neoplastic T or NK cells and their microenvironment may have important implications for guiding the development of novel therapies.
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17
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Ally MS, Prasad Hunasehally RY, Rodriguez-Justo M, Martin B, Verdolini R, Attard N, Child F, Attygalle A, Whittaker S, Morris S, Robson A. Evaluation of follicular T-helper cells in primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma and dermatitis. J Cutan Pathol 2013; 40:1006-13. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fiona Child
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; London UK
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18
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Karakatsanis S, Bertsias G, Roussou P, Boumpas D. Programmed death 1 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator immunoreceptors and their association with malignant T-lymphoproliferative disorders: brief review. Hematol Oncol 2013; 32:113-9. [PMID: 24038528 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Malignant T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases are relatively rare. T cells are activated through the T-cell receptor with the aid of costimulating molecules that can be either excitatory or inhibitory. Such pathways have been also implicated in mechanisms of malignant T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases' persistence and relapse by circumventing immune responses. To date, three major immunoinhibitory molecules have been recognized, namely programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Although CTLA-4 is considered the 'gatekeeper' of immune tolerance, PD-1 negatively regulates immune responses broadly, whereas BTLA activation has been shown to inhibit CD8+ cancer-specific T cells. Both PD-1 and BTLA downregulate proximal T-cell receptor signalling cascade and are involved in immune evasion of leukaemias and lymphomas, even after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. These immunoregulatory molecules can have seemingly a synergistic effect on weakening the immune response of patients with haematological malignancies, and their manipulation represents a very active field of preclinical as well as clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatis Karakatsanis
- Hematology, Lymphomas' and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, General Hospital of Athens "O Evaggelismos", Athens, Greece
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19
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Heel K, Tabone T, Röhrig KJ, Maslen PG, Meehan K, Grimwade LF, Erber WN. Developments in the immunophenotypic analysis of haematological malignancies. Blood Rev 2013; 27:193-207. [PMID: 23845589 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunophenotyping is the method by which antibodies are used to detect cellular antigens in clinical samples. Although the major role is in the diagnosis and classification of haematological malignancies, applications have expanded over the past decade. Immunophenotyping is now used extensively for disease staging and monitoring, to detect surrogate markers of genetic aberrations, to identify potential immuno-therapeutic targets and to aid prognostic prediction. This expansion in applications has resulted from developments in antibodies, methodology, automation and data handling. In this review we describe recent advances in both the technology and applications for the analysis of haematological malignancies. We highlight the importance of the expanding repertoire of testing capability for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications. The impact and significance of immunophenotyping in the assessment of haematological neoplasms are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Heel
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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20
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Auguste T, Travert M, Tarte K, Amé-Thomas P, Artchounin C, Martin-Garcia N, de Reynies A, de Leval L, Gaulard P, Delfau-Larue MH. ROQUIN/RC3H1 alterations are not found in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64536. [PMID: 23825522 PMCID: PMC3692505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma (AITL) is one of the most frequent T-cell lymphoma entities. Follicular helper T lymphocytes (TFH) are recognized as the normal cellular counterpart of the neoplastic component. Despite a clonal T-cell feature and few described recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, a driving oncogenic event has not been identified so far. It has been recently reported that in mice, heterozygous inactivation of Roquin/Rc3h1, a RING type E3 ubiquitine ligase, recapitulates many of the clinical, histological, and cellular features associated with human AITL. In this study we explored whether ROQUIN alterations could be an initial event in the human AITL oncogenic process. Using microarray and RT-PCR analyses, we investigated the levels of ROQUIN transcripts in TFH tumor cells purified from AITL (n = 8) and reactive tonsils (n = 12) and found similar levels of ROQUIN expression in both. Moreover, we also demonstrated that ROQUIN protein was expressed by AITL TFH (PD1+) cells. We then analysed ROQUIN coding sequence in 12 tumor cell-rich AITL samples and found no mutation in any of the samples. Finally, we analysed the expression of MiR101, a putative partner of ROQUIN involved in the modulation of ICOS expression and found similar levels of expression in tumor and reactive TFH. Altogether, this study shows that neither alteration of ROQUIN gene nor deregulation of miR101 expression is likely to be a frequent recurrent event in AITL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphanie Auguste
- INSERM U955, Immunologie et Oncogenèse des Tumeurs Lymphoïdes, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Marion Travert
- INSERM U955, Immunologie et Oncogenèse des Tumeurs Lymphoïdes, Créteil, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, Rennes, France
| | | | - Catherine Artchounin
- INSERM U955, Immunologie et Oncogenèse des Tumeurs Lymphoïdes, Créteil, France
- Département de Pathologie, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor–Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Nadine Martin-Garcia
- INSERM U955, Immunologie et Oncogenèse des Tumeurs Lymphoïdes, Créteil, France
- Département de Pathologie, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor–Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Aurélien de Reynies
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Service de Pathologie Clinique, Institut Universitaire de Pathologie, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- INSERM U955, Immunologie et Oncogenèse des Tumeurs Lymphoïdes, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- Département de Pathologie, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor–Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Delfau-Larue
- INSERM U955, Immunologie et Oncogenèse des Tumeurs Lymphoïdes, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
We identified 11 patients with CD10(+) cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by flow cytometry. All cases were CD4(+) and CD8(-). Three patients had extensive lymphadenopathy, systemic symptoms and an aggressive clinical course consistent with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma or peripheral T-cell lymphoma. However, 8 of the 11 patients had a prolonged disease course with gross morphology, histology and tumor cell phenotype indistinguishable from mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed CD10 expression in seven of the eight cases and revealed the lymphoma cells were Bcl-6(+), PD-1(+), and EBV(-). Two had significant expression of CXCL-13(+). The findings indicate that lymphoma cells from mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome may express follicular center helper T-cell markers CD10, Bcl-6, and PD-1 and occasionally CXCL-13. The expression of these markers in some cases of mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome suggests follicular center helper T-cell differentiation and may lead to confusion in distinguishing mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome from other follicular center helper T-cell marker positive T-cell lymphomas with cutaneous manifestations.
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22
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Hu S, Young KH, Konoplev SN, Medeiros LJ. Follicular T-cell lymphoma: a member of an emerging family of follicular helper T-cell derived T-cell lymphomas. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:1789-98. [PMID: 22959759 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Unlike B-cell lymphomas, where knowledge of normal B-cell origin and differentiation has greatly contributed to their classification, the current classification of peripheral T-cell lymphomas is limited by a lack of understanding of their cellular origin. In the current World Health Organization classification of lymphomas, follicular T-cell lymphoma was formally recognized as a morphologic variant of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. There is growing evidence, however, that follicular T-cell lymphoma may be a unique clinicopathologic entity based on its morphologic features and derivation from follicular helper T-cells. In addition, there are abundant recent data supporting the concept that follicular helper T-cells can give rise to other types of T-cell lymphoma, including angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma, and a subset of neoplasms, in addition to follicular T-cell lymphoma, currently classified as peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. In this review, we focus primarily on the clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of follicular T-cell lymphoma and discuss its potential relationship with other types of T-cell lymphoma thought to be derived from follicular helper T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Box 72, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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23
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Follicular Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Expands the Spectrum of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Mimics. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36:1636-46. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e318268d9ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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24
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Wilcox RA, Ansell SM, Lim MS, Zou W, Chen L. The B7 homologues and their receptors in hematologic malignancies. Eur J Haematol 2012; 88:465-75. [PMID: 22372959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2012.01766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The B7 homologues and their receptors regulate both peripheral tolerance and adaptive immunity. This field is rapidly evolving as new ligands and receptors are being identified. Much of the work supporting their role in the regulation of host anti-tumor immunity has been derived from experimental models and clinical trials in solid malignancies. However, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that the B7-H family has important immunologic and non-immunologic functions in a variety of hematologic malignancies. Herein, we will review recent evidence that supports the therapeutic targeting of the B7 homologues in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Wilcox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5948, USA.
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