1
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Lund-Andersen C, Torgunrud A, Kanduri C, Dagenborg VJ, Frøysnes IS, Larsen MM, Davidson B, Larsen SG, Flatmark K. Novel drug resistance mechanisms and drug targets in BRAF-mutated peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:646. [PMID: 38982444 PMCID: PMC11234641 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer (PM-CRC) have inferior prognosis and respond particularly poorly to chemotherapy. This study aims to identify the molecular explanation for the observed clinical behavior and suggest novel treatment strategies in PM-CRC. METHODS Tumor samples (230) from a Norwegian national cohort undergoing surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with mitomycin C (MMC) for PM-CRC were subjected to targeted DNA sequencing, and associations with clinical data were analyzed. mRNA sequencing was conducted on a subset of 30 samples to compare gene expression in tumors harboring BRAF or KRAS mutations and wild-type tumors. RESULTS BRAF mutations were detected in 27% of the patients, and the BRAF-mutated subgroup had inferior overall survival compared to wild-type cases (median 16 vs 36 months, respectively, p < 0.001). BRAF mutations were associated with RNF43/RSPO aberrations and low expression of negative Wnt regulators (ligand-dependent Wnt activation). Furthermore, BRAF mutations were associated with gene expression changes in transport solute carrier proteins (specifically SLC7A6) and drug metabolism enzymes (CES1 and CYP3A4) that could influence the efficacy of MMC and irinotecan, respectively. BRAF-mutated tumors additionally exhibited increased expression of members of the novel butyrophilin subfamily of immune checkpoint molecules (BTN1A1 and BTNL9). CONCLUSIONS BRAF mutations were frequently detected and were associated with particularly poor survival in this cohort, possibly related to ligand-dependent Wnt activation and altered drug transport and metabolism that could confer resistance to MMC and irinotecan. Drugs that target ligand-dependent Wnt activation or the BTN immune checkpoints could represent two novel therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Lund-Andersen
- Departments of Tumor Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Annette Torgunrud
- Departments of Tumor Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Vegar J Dagenborg
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida S Frøysnes
- Departments of Tumor Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette M Larsen
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Departments of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein G Larsen
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Departments of Tumor Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Kashobwe L, Sadrabadi F, Braeuning A, Leonards PEG, Buhrke T, Hamers T. In vitro screening of understudied PFAS with a focus on lipid metabolism disruption. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03814-2. [PMID: 38953992 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made chemicals used in many industrial applications. Exposure to PFAS is associated with several health risks, including a decrease in infant birth weight, hepatoxicity, disruption of lipid metabolism, and decreased immune response. We used the in vitro cell models to screen six less studied PFAS [perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA), and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTSA)] for their capacity to activate nuclear receptors and to cause differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Cytotoxicity assays were run in parallel to exclude that observed differential gene expression was due to cytotoxicity. Based on the cytotoxicity assays and gene expression studies, PFOSA was shown to be more potent than other tested PFAS. PFOSA decreased the gene expression of crucial genes involved in bile acid synthesis and detoxification, cholesterol synthesis, bile acid and cholesterol transport, and lipid metabolism regulation. Except for 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTSA, all tested PFAS downregulated PPARA gene expression. The reporter gene assay also showed that 8:2 FTSA transactivated the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Based on this study, PFOSA, 6:2 FTSA, and 8:2 FTSA were prioritized for further studies to confirm and understand their possible effects on hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lackson Kashobwe
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Faezeh Sadrabadi
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Buhrke
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Hamers
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Rzasa P, Whelan S, Farahmand P, Cai H, Guterman I, Palacios-Gallego R, Undru SS, Sandford L, Green C, Andreadi C, Mintseva M, Parrott E, Jin H, Hey F, Giblett S, Sylvius NB, Allcock NS, Straatman-Iwanowska A, Feuda R, Tufarelli C, Brown K, Pritchard C, Rufini A. BRAF V600E-mutated serrated colorectal neoplasia drives transcriptional activation of cholesterol metabolism. Commun Biol 2023; 6:962. [PMID: 37735514 PMCID: PMC10514332 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF mutations occur early in serrated colorectal cancers, but their long-term influence on tissue homeostasis is poorly characterized. We investigated the impact of short-term (3 days) and long-term (6 months) expression of BrafV600E in the intestinal tissue of an inducible mouse model. We show that BrafV600E perturbs the homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells, with impaired differentiation of enterocytes emerging after prolonged expression of the oncogene. Moreover, BrafV600E leads to a persistent transcriptional reprogramming with enrichment of numerous gene signatures indicative of proliferation and tumorigenesis, and signatures suggestive of metabolic rewiring. We focused on the top-ranking cholesterol biosynthesis signature and confirmed its increased expression in human serrated lesions. Functionally, the cholesterol lowering drug atorvastatin prevents the establishment of intestinal crypt hyperplasia in BrafV600E-mutant mice. Overall, our work unveils the long-term impact of BrafV600E expression in intestinal tissue and suggests that colorectal cancers with mutations in BRAF might be prevented by statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Rzasa
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sarah Whelan
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Pooyeh Farahmand
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hong Cai
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Inna Guterman
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Shanthi S Undru
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lauren Sandford
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caleb Green
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Catherine Andreadi
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Maria Mintseva
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Emma Parrott
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hong Jin
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Fiona Hey
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Susan Giblett
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicolas B Sylvius
- NUCLEUS Genomics, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Natalie S Allcock
- University of Leicester Core Biotechnology Services Electron Microscopy Facility, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Roberto Feuda
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Cristina Tufarelli
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Karen Brown
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Catrin Pritchard
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Kobayashi G, Hayashi T, Sentani K, Uraoka N, Shibata J, Nobuhiro R, Saito Y, Ishida K, Kaneko Y, Ikeda K, Hanamoto M, Nose H, Arihiro K, Hinata N, Oue N. Dual immunocytochemical staining of annexin A10 and p53 in low-grade and papillary urothelial carcinoma contributes to improvement of diagnostic accuracy in urine cytology. Cancer Cytopathol 2023; 131:548-560. [PMID: 37300383 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common type of human cancer and, although urine cytology is a useful method for identifying high-grade UC (HGUC), its ability to diagnose low-grade UC (LGUC) is limited. The authors previously reported that annexin A10 (ANXA10) expression was strongly linked to both papillary and early stage LGUC and was inversely correlated with p53 expression in upper tract UC (UTUC) and bladder UC. However, it remains largely unknown whether ANXA10 is useful as a diagnostic marker for urine cytology. METHODS In this study, the authors used 104 biopsy and 314 urine cytology samples to investigate the efficacy of ANXA10 and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In immunohistochemistry analysis, expression levels of ANXA10 and p53 were either weak or absent in noncancerous tissues, whereas ANXA10 overexpression was observed patients with LGUC, and strong expression of p53 was identified in patients with HGUC. In immunocytochemistry analysis, sensitivity was not good for the detection of UC, especially UTUC, by cytology alone, but it was improved by combining cytology with ANXA10 and p53 to detect both bladder UC and UTUC. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis also confirmed the diagnostic superiority of cytology combining ANXA10 and p53 for the detection of all UCs, including both HGUC and LGUC (area under the curve, 0.84). CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report that the combination of ANXA10 and p53 has potential application as a diagnostic immunomarker for improving the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uraoka
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nobuhiro
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Saito
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsunari Ishida
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kaneko
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ikeda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masanori Hanamoto
- Department of Urology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nose
- Department of Urology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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5
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Gu M, Yin W, Zhang J, Yin J, Tang X, Ling J, Tang Z, Yin W, Wang X, Ni Q, Zhu Y, Chen T. Role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mucins of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1119992. [PMID: 37265504 PMCID: PMC10229905 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden, accounting for approximately 10% of all new cancer cases worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that the crosstalk between the host mucins and gut microbiota is associated with the occurrence and development of CRC. Mucins secreted by goblet cells not only protect the intestinal epithelium from microorganisms and invading pathogens but also provide a habitat for commensal bacteria. Conversely, gut dysbiosis results in the dysfunction of mucins, allowing other commensals and their metabolites to pass through the intestinal epithelium, potentially triggering host responses and the subsequent progression of CRC. In this review, we summarize how gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites regulate the function and expression of mucin in CRC and novel treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangjun Wang
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Qing Ni
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Yunxiang Zhu
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Tuo Chen
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
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6
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Isidro RA, Abukhiran I, Dunseth CD, Gosse MD, Humble RM, Pelletier DJ, Varshney N, Bellizzi AM, Hornick JL. Strong Annexin A10 Expression Supports a Pancreatic Primary and Combined Annexin A10, Claudin 18, and SOX2 Expression Supports an Esophagogastric Origin in Carcinomas of Unknown Primary. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:440-452. [PMID: 36730833 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumor site determination for gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreaticobiliary (PB) tree carcinomas that present as metastasis of unknown primary can be problematic. Annexin A10 (ANXA10), claudin 18 (CLDN18), and trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) have been identified through expression profiling as markers of gastric lineage commitment; sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) expression has been reported in several tumor types, including gastric adenocarcinomas. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry for ANXA10, CLDN18, SOX2, and TFF1 for determining the site of origin for GI/PB adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemistry for all 4 markers was performed on tissue microarrays including 559 GI/PB tumors and 421 other tumors. H-scores were calculated as the product of the intensity (0 to 3) and extent (percentage, 0% to 100%) of staining. Positive staining was defined as >5% staining. ANXA10 expression was most frequent in pancreatic adenocarcinomas when compared with all other GI/PB tumors (96.4% vs. 43.5%, P <0.001). Strong staining for ANXA10 (H-score ≥200) distinguished pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder and colorectum (69.6% vs. 0%, P <0.001). Triple positivity for ANXA10, CLDN18, and SOX2 was more frequent in esophagogastric tumors than in other GI/PB tumors (22.6% vs. 4.1%; P <0.001). TFF1 expression was observed in nearly all tumor types. Staining for ANXA10, CLDN18, and SOX2 as part of a panel may aid in distinguishing esophagogastric adenocarcinomas from lower GI/PB tumors. ANXA10 staining may be particularly useful in distinguishing pancreatic adenocarcinomas from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder and colorectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Isidro
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ibrahim Abukhiran
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Matthew D Gosse
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Robert M Humble
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Neha Varshney
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi University Hospital, Jackson, MS
| | - Andrew M Bellizzi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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7
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Chezar K, Minoo P. Appendiceal sessile serrated lesions are distinct from their right-sided colonic counterparts and may be precursors for appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. Hum Pathol 2022; 122:40-49. [PMID: 35121004 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) can occur concurrently with appendiceal sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). To interrogate relatedness, we performed multigene and immunohistochemical characterizations of paired and unpaired SSLs and LAMNs. We evaluated 62 serrated lesions from 50 appendectomy specimens for hotspot mutations in BRAF, KRAS and GNAS genes. Cases were subdivided into 3 groups: 20 unpaired SSLs, 18 unpaired LAMNs, and 12 with an SSL and concurrent LAMN. β-catenin and Annexin A10 immunostaining were performed on the SSL and LAMN components in the 12 paired cases, and fourteen colonic SSLs served as controls. There was no significant difference in KRAS hotspot mutation rates in appendiceal SSLs (17/26; 65.4%) and LAMNs (16/30; 53.3%) (p=0.42). BRAF V600E was identified in a single case (1/50; 2.0%) of SSL and concurrent LAMN (p=1.0). Mutations in GNAS were more common in LAMNs (6/30; 20.0%) compared to SSLs (1/31; 3.2%) (p=0.05). The molecular genotypes between paired SSLs and LAMNs were concordant in most cases (10/12; 83.3%). Annexin A10 immunostaining was significantly greater in colonic SSLs (14/14; 100%) compared to appendiceal SSLs (1/12; 8.3%) (p<0.0001). β-catenin immunostaining was significantly increased in LAMNs (10/12; 83.3%) compared to their paired appendiceal SSLs (2/12; 16.7%)(p=0.003). Overall, appendiceal sessile serrated lesions are predominantly driven by KRAS mutations and are not characterized by Annexin A10 immunostaining. Our data suggests that at least a subset of LAMNs may arise from a precursor SSL in which GNAS mutations and/or upregulation of the WNT-signaling pathway are likely key events modulating this progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Chezar
- Department of Pathology, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Parham Minoo
- Department of Pathology, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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8
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Xu H, Wu X, Dou Y, Zheng W. The prognostic significance of annexin A family in glioblastoma. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:1539-1547. [PMID: 34398393 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common histological type of glioma, which has the most aggressive biological characters and the worst outcome. The targeted therapy of GBM requires more progression, and new biomarkers should be identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, we firstly retrieved the data of TCGA and compared the TPMs of all ANXAs in TCGA database. By quantitative PCR (qPCR), we detected the mRNA levels of ANXAs in 8 pairs of GBM tissues and their corresponding normal brain tissues. Moreover, we detected the expression of ANXAs in 118 cases of GBMs, and further evaluated their clinical significance by analyzing the correlation with clinicopathological factors, and estimated their prognostic significance with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS In the TCGA database, ANXA1, ANXA2, ANXA4, and ANXA5 had higher transcripts per million (TPMs) in GBM tissues compared with the normal brain tissues, while ANXA3 expression was downregulated in GBM tissues. With qPCR, ANXA1, ANXA2, and ANXA10 were verified to be the upregulated genes in GBM, but other ANXAs had no significant differences. ANXA2 and ANXA10, but not ANXA1, were correlated with poor prognosis of GBM and identified as independent prognostic biomarkers for poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS ANXA1, ANXA2, and ANXA10 are the upregulated genes in GBM. ANXA2 and ANXA10, but not ANXA1, are independent prognostic biomarkers indicating unfavorable outcome. Our results suggest that expression profiles based on ANXA10 expression may be a new classification system to predict prognosis of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankun Xu
- Departments of Neurology, Qingzhou People' s Hosptial, Shandong, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Departments of Cardiology, Yidu Central Hosptial, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yingfei Dou
- Departments of Cardiology, Yidu Central Hosptial, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Departments of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 706 Taishan Road, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
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9
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Ramezani S, Parkhideh A, Bhattacharya PK, Farach-Carson MC, Harrington DA. Beyond Colonoscopy: Exploring New Cell Surface Biomarkers for Detection of Early, Heterogenous Colorectal Lesions. Front Oncol 2021; 11:657701. [PMID: 34290978 PMCID: PMC8287259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.657701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women in the United States. Early detection and surgical removal of high-risk lesions in the colon can prevent disease from developing and spreading. Despite implementation of programs aimed at early detection, screening colonoscopies fail to detect a fraction of potentially aggressive colorectal lesions because of their location or nonobvious morphology. Optical colonoscopies, while highly effective, rely on direct visualization to detect changes on the surface mucosa that are consistent with dysplasia. Recent advances in endoscopy techniques and molecular imaging permit microscale visualization of the colonic mucosa. These technologies can be combined with various molecular probes that recognize and target heterogenous lesion surfaces to achieve early, real-time, and potentially non-invasive, detection of pre-cancerous lesions. The primary goal of this review is to contextualize existing and emergent CRC surface biomarkers and assess each’s potential as a candidate marker for early marker-based detection of CRC lesions. CRC markers that we include were stratified by the level of support gleaned from peer-reviewed publications, abstracts, and databases of both CRC and other cancers. The selected biomarkers, accessible on the cell surface and preferably on the luminal surface of the colon tissue, are organized into three categories: (1) established biomarkers (those with considerable data and high confidence), (2) emerging biomarkers (those with increasing research interest but with less supporting data), and (3) novel candidates (those with very recent data, and/or supportive evidence from other tissue systems). We also present an overview of recent advances in imaging techniques useful for visual detection of surface biomarkers, and discuss the ease with which these methods can be combined with microscopic visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Ramezani
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arianna Parkhideh
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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10
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Annexin A10 and HES-1 Immunohistochemistry in Right-sided Traditional Serrated Adenomas Suggests an Origin From Sessile Serrated Adenoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 28:296-302. [PMID: 30653033 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing body of evidence to suggest that some colonic serrated polyps do not fit morphologically with any of the proposed categories for serrated polyps recommended by the World Health Organization. Most of these polyps have morphologic features of traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) admixed with areas resembling sessile serrated adenoma (SSA) or hyperplastic polyp (HP). Based on these findings it has been suggested that at least some TSAs may arise in association with precursor HP or SSA lesions, particularly those that develop in right colon. To further evaluate this hypothesis, 39 serrated polyps from right side of the colon (cecum, ascending, and transverse colon) with mixed features of TSA and SSA were evaluated by 2 immunostains previously shown to represent markers of SSA. One is Annexin A10 which shows upregulated expression in SSA and the other is Hes-1 which is shown to be down regulated in SSA. The expression patterns of these markers were evaluated in SSA and TSA components of hybrid polyps and compared with control groups (pure SSAs and TSAs of right colon). SSA component in hybrid polyps did not show any significant difference in staining pattern compared with that seen in TSA component of hybrid polyps or in pure TSA polyps. These findings further support the hypothesis that recognizes SSA as a precursor lesion for TSA in the right colon.
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Koh MJ, Shin DH, Lee SJ, Hwang CS, Lee HJ, Kim A, Park WY, Lee JH, Choi KU, Kim JY, Lee CH, Sol MY. Gastric-type gene expression and phenotype in non-terminal respiratory unit type adenocarcinoma of the lung with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma morphology. Histopathology 2021; 76:898-905. [PMID: 31985086 DOI: 10.1111/his.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We sought to determine if non-terminal respiratory unit (TRU) type adenocarcinoma of lung with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) morphology shows gastric differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS We reviewed whole-section images of 489 cases of lung adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). TCGA data were classified into 426 TRU type adenocarcinoma, 49 IMA and 14 unclassifiable. Their RNA sequencing data was analysed by DESeq2 and WGCNA R packages. Gene expression in patients' samples was measured by NanoString assay. Overexpression of genes including REG4, TFF2, MUCL3, FER1L6, B3GALT5, ANXA10 was observed by TCGA analysis in IMA compared to TRU type adenocarcinoma. Many of these genes are those expressed in normal gastric glands and selected for NanoString experiment on 14 IMA and 10 TRU type adenocarcinoma cases. The expression of genes, including ANXA10, FER1L6, HNF4a, MUC5AC, REG4, TFF1, TFF2 and VSIGI, was increased> 15-fold in IMA. Immunohistochemistry of ANXA10, TFF2 and FER1L6 performed on 31 IMA and 135 TRU type adenocarcinomas showed a predominant expression in IMA, but are not in TRU type adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Our results showed the level of genes expressed in stomach mucosa was increased in IMA compared to TRU type adenocarcinoma, supporting gastric differentiation of IMA. This finding may help the understanding of the pathogenesis of IMA and discovery of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Ju Koh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - So-Jeong Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chung-Su Hwang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ahrong Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Won Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kyung Un Choi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chang Hun Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Mee Young Sol
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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12
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Claudin-18 as a Marker for Identifying the Stomach and Pancreatobiliary Tract as the Primary Sites of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 44:1643-1648. [PMID: 32925194 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the primary site of cancer is essential for the treatment of patients with cancer. Numerous immunohistochemical markers have been developed to determine the differentiation of tumor cells and suggest possible primary sites, but markers of gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinomas are still lacking. Claudin-18 is a tight-junction protein uniquely expressed in gastric epithelial cells and has been shown to be expressed in gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Whether claudin-18 can be used as a marker for identifying the primary site of cancer is still unclear. In this study, we used the immunohistochemical method to stain claudin-18 in tissue arrays containing 575 carcinomas from different anatomic sites and representative sections of 157 metastatic adenocarcinomas. In the group of primary tumors, claudin-18 was frequently expressed in gastric, pancreatic, and pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinomas. Half of cholangiocarcinomas and ovarian mucinous carcinomas and some colorectal and pulmonary adenocarcinomas were also positive for claudin-18. In the metastatic cohort, 15 of 17 (88%) gastric adenocarcinomas, 18 of 23 (78%) pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and 4 of 7 (57%) cholangiocarcinomas and gallbladder adenocarcinomas were positive for claudin-18. Only 4 tumors that originated outside the stomach and pancreatobiliary tract were positive for claudin-18. After normalization to the tumor frequency, the sensitivity of claudin-18 for identifying the stomach and pancreatobiliary tract as primary tumor sites was 79%, and the specificity was 93%. The positive and negative predictive values were 76% and 94%, respectively. In conclusion, claudin-18 represents a sensitive and specific marker for stomach and pancreatobiliary adenocarcinoma that may be a useful diagnostic tool in routine surgical pathology.
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13
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Marra G. An "expressionistic" look at serrated precancerous colorectal lesions. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:4. [PMID: 33423702 PMCID: PMC7797135 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-01064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 60% of colorectal cancer (CRC) precursor lesions are the genuinely-dysplastic conventional adenomas (cADNs). The others include hyperplastic polyps (HPs), sessile serrated lesions (SSL), and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs), subtypes of a class of lesions collectively referred to as “serrated.” Endoscopic and histologic differentiation between cADNs and serrated lesions, and between serrated lesion subtypes can be difficult. Methods We used in situ hybridization to verify the expression patterns in CRC precursors of 21 RNA molecules that appear to be promising differentiation markers on the basis of previous RNA sequencing studies. Results SSLs could be clearly differentiated from cADNs by the expression patterns of 9 of the 12 RNAs tested for this purpose (VSIG1, ANXA10, ACHE, SEMG1, AQP5, LINC00520, ZIC5/2, FOXD1, NKD1). Expression patterns of all 9 in HPs were similar to those in SSLs. Nine putatively HP-specific RNAs were also investigated, but none could be confirmed as such: most (e.g., HOXD13 and HOXB13), proved instead to be markers of the normal mucosa in the distal colon and rectum, where most HPs arise. TSAs displayed mixed staining patterns reflecting the presence of serrated and dysplastic glands in the same lesion. Conclusions Using a robust in situ hybridization protocol, we identified promising tissue-staining markers that, if validated in larger series of lesions, could facilitate more precise histologic classification of CRC precursors and, consequently, more tailored clinical follow-up of their carriers. Our findings should also fuel functional studies on the pathogenic significance of specific gene expression alterations in the initiation and evolution of CRC precursor subtypes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13000-020-01064-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Marra
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Rico SD, Höflmayer D, Büscheck F, Dum D, Luebke AM, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Hinsch A, Möller-Koop C, Perez D, Izbicki JR, Neipp M, Mofid H, Lárusson H, Daniels T, Isbert C, Coerper S, Ditterich D, Rupprecht H, Goetz A, Fraune C, Möller K, Menz A, Bernreuther C, Clauditz TS, Sauter G, Uhlig R, Wilczak W, Simon R, Steurer S, Lebok P, Burandt E, Krech T, Marx AH. Elevated MUC5AC expression is associated with mismatch repair deficiency and proximal tumor location but not with cancer progression in colon cancer. Med Mol Morphol 2020; 54:156-165. [PMID: 33373033 PMCID: PMC8139930 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a secreted gel-forming mucin expressed by several epithelia. In the colon, MUC5AC is expressed in scattered normal epithelial cells but can be abundant in colorectal cancers. To clarify the relationship of MUC5AC expression with parameters of tumor aggressiveness and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) in colorectal cancer, a tissue microarray containing 1812 colorectal cancers was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. MUC5AC expression was found in 261 (15.7%) of 1,667 analyzable colorectal cancers. MUC5AC expression strongly depended on the tumor location and gradually decreased from proximal (27.4% of cecum cancers) to distal (10.6% of rectal cancers; p < 0.0001). MUC5AC expression was also strongly linked to dMMR. dMMR was found in 21.3% of 169 cancers with MUC5AC positivity but in only 4.6% of 1051 cancers without detectable MUC5AC expression (p < 0.0001). A multivariate analysis showed that dMMR status and tumor localization predicted MUC5AC expression independently (p < 0.0001 each). MUC5AC expression was unrelated to pT and pN status. This also applied to the subgroups of 1136 proficient MMR (pMMR) and of 84 dMMR cancers. The results of our study show a strong association of MUC5AC expression with proximal and dMMR colorectal cancers. However, MUC5AC expression is unrelated to colon cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dwertmann Rico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Perez
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Neipp
- General, Vascular and Visceral Surgery Clinic, Itzehoe Medical Center, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Hamid Mofid
- General, Visceral Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Clinic, Regio Clinic Pinneberg, Pinneberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Lárusson
- General, Visceral Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Clinic, Regio Clinic Pinneberg, Pinneberg, Germany
| | - Thies Daniels
- General, Visceral and Tumor Surgery Clinic, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Isbert
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, Amalie Sieveking Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Coerper
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital Martha-Maria Nuernberg, Nuernberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Ditterich
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital Neustadt/Aisch, Neustadt an der Aisch, Germany
| | - Holger Rupprecht
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Academic Hospital Neumarkt, Neumarkt, Germany
| | - Albert Goetz
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital Roth, Roth, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
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15
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Marquet B, Marchal Bressenot A, Fichel C, Bouland N, Barbe C, Bouché O, Kianmanesh R, Diebold MD, Boulagnon-Rombi C. Expression of the Serrated Markers Annexin A10 or Gremlin1 in Colonic Adenocarcinomas: Morphology and Prognostic Values. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2509-2521. [PMID: 32583331 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Describe clinical, histological and molecular charatcteristics and prognosis values of the serrated candidate markers AnnexinA10 and Gremlin1 in colon adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical expression of AnnexinA10 and Gremlin1 was evaluated on 346 colonic adenocarcinomas. Clinicopathological, molecular features and prognostic characteristics were then evaluated. A total of 40 colonic adenocarcinomas expressed AnnexinA10 (11.6%) and, 115 expressed Gremlin1 (40.4%). AnnexinA10 expression was significantly associated, on univariate analyses, with female gender (p = 0.03), right tumor location (p < 0.001), differentiation grade 3 (p < 0.001), serrated adenocarcinoma subtype (p < 0.001), serrated (p < 0.001), medullary (p = 0.005), and mucinous component (p = 0.004), cytoplasmic eosinophilia (p < 0.001), discernible nuclei (p = 0.001), preserved polarity (p < 0.001), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.01), BRAFV600E mutation (p < 0.001), MSI-H status (p < 0.001) and CIMP-H status (p = 0.019). Multivariate analyses revealed that mucinous component (p = 0.002), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.02) and BRAFV600E mutation (p < 0.001) were independently associated with AnnexinA10 expression. In addition, AnnexinA10 was an indicator of poorer overall survival (OS) in UICC stage IV adenocarcinomas (p = 0.01) only. Gremlin1 expression was neither associated with serrated adenocarcinoma subtype (p = 0.51) nor with AnnexinA10 expression (p = 0,31), but was significantly associated, in univariate analysis with male gender (p = 0.002), younger age (p = 0.002), left tumor location (p = 0.04), and MSS status (p = 0.03). Gremlin1 expression was associated with better OS only in UICC stage III colon adenocarcinomas (p = 0.006). Colon adenocarcinomas expressing AnnexinA10 have distinct clinico-pathological and molecular features. AnnexinA10 expression is an indicator of poorer OS in UICC stage IV patients. Gremlin1 expression is not associated with serrated adenocarcinomas subtype. Its expression was associated with better OS in UICC Stage III patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Marquet
- Department of Biopathology, Academic Hospital, rue du Général Koenig, 51100, Reims, France. .,Department of Pathology, Medicine University, Reims, France.
| | - Aude Marchal Bressenot
- Department of Biopathology, Academic Hospital, rue du Général Koenig, 51100, Reims, France.,Department of Pathology, Medicine University, Reims, France
| | | | - Nicole Bouland
- Department of Pathology, Medicine University, Reims, France
| | - Coralie Barbe
- Clinical Research Unit, Academic Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Olivier Bouché
- Gatroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Academic Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Reza Kianmanesh
- Digestive Surgery Department, Academic hospital, Reims, France
| | - Marie-Danièle Diebold
- Department of Biopathology, Academic Hospital, rue du Général Koenig, 51100, Reims, France.,Department of Pathology, Medicine University, Reims, France
| | - Camille Boulagnon-Rombi
- Department of Biopathology, Academic Hospital, rue du Général Koenig, 51100, Reims, France.,Department of Pathology, Medicine University, Reims, France.,UMR CNRS/URCA 7369 MEDyC, Medicine University, Reims, France
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Gui H, Husson MA, Mannan R. Correlations of morphology and molecular alterations in traditional serrated adenoma. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2020; 11:78-83. [PMID: 32587787 PMCID: PMC7303981 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v11.i4.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional serrated adenoma was first reported by Longacre and Fenoglio-Presier in 1990. Their initial study described main features of this lesion, but the consensus diagnostic criteria were not widely adopted until recently. Traditional serrated adenoma presents with grossly protuberant configuration and pinecone-like appearance upon endoscopy. Histologically, it is characterized by ectopic crypt formation, slit-like serration, eosinophilic cytoplasm and pencillate nuclei. Although much is now known about the morphology and molecular changes, the mechanisms underlying the morphological alterations are still not fully understood. Furthermore, the origin of traditional serrated adenoma is not completely known. We review recent studies of the traditional serrated adenoma and provide an overview on current understanding of this rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Gui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Michael A Husson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Rifat Mannan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
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17
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Gan GL, Liu J, Chen WJ, Ye QQ, Xu Y, Wu HT, Li W. The Diverse Roles of the Mucin Gene Cluster Located on Chromosome 11p15.5 in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:514. [PMID: 32695780 PMCID: PMC7338833 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common malignant tumor in the world, shows multiple complex and pathologies based on the impaired structure and function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Goblet cells secrete mucins, which are involved in the formation of the intestinal mucosal barrier and not only lubricate and protect the intestinal mucosa but also participate in the processes of cell adhesion, intercellular signal transduction, and immune regulation. It is accepted that the disordered expression and dysfunction of mucins are associated with the occurrence and development of CRC. This article focuses on the secretory mucins encoded by a gene cluster located on chromosome 11p15.5 and systematically reviews their composition, regulation, function, and role in CRC, to deepen the understanding of the pathogeneses of CRC and to provide a new basis and ideas for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Lian Gan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ye
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Hua-Tao Wu,
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Wei Li,
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18
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Cdx2 Animal Models Reveal Developmental Origins of Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110928. [PMID: 31739541 PMCID: PMC6895827 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cdx2 homeobox gene is important in assigning positional identity during the finely orchestrated process of embryogenesis. In adults, regenerative responses to tissues damage can require a replay of these same developmental pathways. Errors in reassigning positional identity during regeneration can cause metaplasias-normal tissue arising in an abnormal location-and this in turn, is a well-recognized cancer risk factor. In animal models, a gain of Cdx2 function can elicit a posterior shift in tissue identity, modeling intestinal-type metaplasias of the esophagus (Barrett's esophagus) and stomach. Conversely, loss of Cdx2 function can elicit an anterior shift in tissue identity, inducing serrated-type lesions expressing gastric markers in the colon. These metaplasias are major risk factors for the later development of esophageal, stomach and colon cancer. Leukemia, another cancer in which Cdx2 is ectopically expressed, may have mechanistic parallels with epithelial cancers in terms of stress-induced reprogramming. This review will address how animal models have refined our understanding of the role of Cdx2 in these common human cancers.
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19
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Mikhaleva LM, Vandysheva RA, Shakhpazyan NK, Fedorov ED, Biryukov AE, Midiber KY, Pechnikova VV. [Comparative assessment of the expression of Muc 2, Muc 5AC, and Muc 6 in serrated neoplasms of the colon]. Arkh Patol 2019; 81:10-17. [PMID: 31006774 DOI: 10.17116/patol20198102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the course of the serrated pathway of carcinogenesis, there are changes in the expression of mucins with a characteristic immunophenotypic sign, such as a late loss of intestinal differentiation and an increase in gastric differentiation. OBJECTIVE To comparatively assess the expression of Muc 2, Muc 5AC, and Muc 6 in hyperplastic polyps (HPs), sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) of the colon for determination of their role in differential diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-five serrated masses from 52 patients were examined. Among them, there were 26 SSAs, 26 HPs, and 13 TSAs. A histological examination was done using hematoxylin and eosin staining; periodic acid-Schiff reaction in combination with alcian blue, as well as immunohistochemistry with anti-Muc 2, anti-Muc 5AC, and anti-Muc 6 antibodies were used. Genetic testing of the specimens for KRAS and BRAF mutations was also carried out. RESULTS All the serrated neoplasms of the colon exhibited a pronounced expression of Muc 2. A marked Muc 6 expression in the dilated crypt bases was found in 76.9% of SSAs, while no reaction was seen in 92.3% of HPs and in 100% of TSAs. SSAs were characterized by an intense Muc 5AC expression in the whole length of the crypts and in the surface epithelium in contrast with HPs and TSAs, where the expression of the marker was focal. Comparison of the response of the markers and the presence of gene mutations identified that the SSAs with BRAF mutation intensely expressed along the length of the crypt for Muc 5AC and Muc 6; and the TSAs with KRAS mutation had a moderate focal Muc 5AC expression in the crypt bases in 100% of cases. CONCLUSION For differential diagnosis of the types of serrated adenomas of the colon, it is useful for a pathologist to apply the immunohistochemical markers Muc 2, Muc 5AC, and Muc 6 in his/her practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Mikhaleva
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia; City Clinical Hospital Thirty-One, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Vandysheva
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia; City Clinical Hospital Thirty-One, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - N K Shakhpazyan
- City Clinical Hospital Thirty-One, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - E D Fedorov
- City Clinical Hospital Thirty-One, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Biryukov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia; City Clinical Hospital Thirty-One, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Yu Midiber
- City Clinical Hospital Thirty-One, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
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20
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McCarthy AJ, Serra S, Chetty R. Traditional serrated adenoma: an overview of pathology and emphasis on molecular pathogenesis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2019; 6:e000317. [PMID: 31413858 PMCID: PMC6673762 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide an overview of the pathology and molecular pathogenesis of traditional serrated adenomas (TSA). Design Describe the morphology and molecules that play a role in their pathogenesis. Results These exuberant polypoid lesions are typified by tall cells with deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm, elongated nuclei bearing delicate chromatin, ectopic crypt foci, deep clefting of the lining mucosa and an overall resemblance to small bowel mucosa. Broadly, TSAs arise via three mechanisms. They may be BRAF mutated and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-high: right sided, mediated through a microvesicular hyperplastic polyp or a sessile serrated adenoma, may also have RNF43 mutations and result in microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancers (CRC). The second pathway that is mutually exclusive of the first is mediated through KRAS mutation with CIMP-low TSAs. These are left-sided TSAs, are not associated with another serrated polyp and result in MSS CRC. These TSAs also have RSPO3, RNF43 and p53 mutations together with aberrant nuclear localisation of β-catenin. Third, there is a smaller group of TSAs that are BRAF and KRAS wild type and arise by as yet unknown molecular events. All TSAs show retention of mismatch repair proteins. Conclusion These are characteristic unusual polyps with a complex molecular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife J McCarthy
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefano Serra
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Runjan Chetty
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Crockett SD, Barry EL, Mott LA, Ahnen DJ, Robertson DJ, Anderson JC, Wallace K, Burke CA, Bresalier RS, Figueiredo JC, Snover DC, Baron JA. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and increased risk of serrated polyps: results from a randomised clinical trial. Gut 2019; 68:475-486. [PMID: 29496722 PMCID: PMC6286251 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serrated lesions such as sessile serrated adenomas or polyps (SSA/Ps) are important colorectal cancer precursors, but aetiological factors for these lesions are largely unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of serrated polyps (SPs) in general and hyperplastic polyps and SSA/Ps specifically. DESIGN Participants with one or more adenoma at baseline were randomised to receive 1200 mg/day of elemental calcium, 1000 IU/day of vitamin D3, both or neither agent. Treatment continued for 3 or 5 years, when risk of polyps was determined from surveillance colonoscopy (treatment phase). Outcomes after treatment ceased were also assessed (observational phase). Adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of SPs were determined via multivariable generalised linear models. RESULTS SPs were diagnosed in 565 of 2058 (27.5%) participants during the treatment phase and 329/1108 (29.7%) during the observational phase. In total, 211 SSA/Ps were identified during follow-up. In the treatment phase, there was no effect of either calcium or vitamin D on incidence of SSA/Ps. However, during the later observational phase, we observed elevated risks of SSA/Ps associated with calcium alone and calcium+vitamin D treatment (aRR (95% CI): 2.65 (1.43 to 4.91) and 3.81 (1.25 to 11.64), respectively). CONCLUSION In a large multicentre chemoprevention study, we found evidence that calcium and vitamin D supplementation increased the risk of SSA/Ps. This appeared to be a late effect: 6-10 years after supplementation began. These possible risks must be weighed against the benefits of calcium and vitamin D supplementation. : Trial registration NUMBER: NCT00153816; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D. Crockett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of
North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elizabeth L. Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at
Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Leila A. Mott
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at
Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Dennis J. Ahnen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado School
of Medicine, Aurora CO
| | - Douglas J. Robertson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VA Medical
Center, White River Junction, VT & Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth,
Hanover, NH
| | - Joseph C. Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VA Medical
Center, White River Junction, VT & Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth,
Hanover, NH
| | - Kristen Wallace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of
South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Carol A. Burke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic School of
Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert S. Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Texas MD
Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jane C. Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dale C. Snover
- Department of Pathology, Fairview Southdale Hospital,
Edina, MN
| | - John A. Baron
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of
North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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22
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Chen KH, Lin LI, Tseng LH, Lin YL, Liau JY, Tsai JH, Liang JT, Lin BR, Cheng AL, Yeh KH. CpG Island Methylator Phenotype May Predict Poor Overall Survival of Patients with Stage IV Colorectal Cancer. Oncology 2018; 96:156-163. [PMID: 30540994 DOI: 10.1159/000493387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the prognostic role of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in patients with different stages of colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed CIMP in stage I-IV CRC specimens from patients who were diagnosed between 2005 and 2013. CIMP status was determined using a 5-gene MethyLight-based assay. The clinicopathologic characteristics were reviewed and the overall survival (OS) was compared between patients with CIMP-high CRC and those with CIMP-low/negative CRC. RESULTS Among 450 CRC specimens with successfully determined CIMP statuses, 74 (16.4%) were CIMP-high CRC. Although there was no difference in OS between patients with CIMP-high and CIMP-low/negative CRC across all stages (p = 0.4526), intriguingly, patients with stage IV CIMP-high CRC had significantly worse OS than those with stage IV CIMP-low/negative CRC (p = 0.0047). In a multivariate analysis, CIMP status remained an independent prognostic factor for overall mortality (HR = 5.60, 95% CI: 2.12-14.79, p = 0.0005) in metastatic CRC after adjusting for clinicopathologic variables and anti-cancer therapies. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the presence of CIMP independently predicts poor OS in patients with stage IV CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsing Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Liang-In Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hui Tseng
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yu Liau
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Huei Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Tung Liang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Been-Ren Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Huei Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, .,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, .,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan, .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan,
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23
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Li X, Zhang C, Gong T, Ni X, Li J, Zhan D, Liu M, Song L, Ding C, Xu J, Zhen B, Wang Y, Qin J. A time-resolved multi-omic atlas of the developing mouse stomach. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4910. [PMID: 30464175 PMCID: PMC6249217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian stomach is structurally highly diverse and its organ functionality critically depends on a normal embryonic development. Although there have been several studies on the morphological changes during stomach development, a system-wide analysis of the underlying molecular changes is lacking. Here, we present a comprehensive, temporal proteome and transcriptome atlas of the mouse stomach at multiple developmental stages. Quantitative analysis of 12,108 gene products allows identifying three distinct phases based on changes in proteins and RNAs and the gain of stomach functions on a longitudinal time scale. The transcriptome indicates functionally important isoforms relevant to development and identifies several functionally unannotated novel splicing junction transcripts that we validate at the peptide level. Importantly, many proteins differentially expressed in stomach development are also significantly overexpressed in diffuse-type gastric cancer. Overall, our study provides a resource to understand stomach development and its connection to gastric cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chunchao Zhang
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tongqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaotian Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China.,Department of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jin'e Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dongdong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China.,Department of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Hospital Cancer Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Bei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China. .,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China. .,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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24
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Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Characteristics of CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1188-1201. [PMID: 30071442 PMCID: PMC6080640 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) tumors, comprising 20% of colorectal cancers, are associated with female sex, age, right-sided location, and BRAF mutations. However, other factors potentially associated with CIMP have not been robustly examined. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of the clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics that define CIMP tumors. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature from January 1999 through April 2018 and identified 122 articles, on which comprehensive data abstraction was performed on the clinical, pathologic, molecular, and mutational characteristics of CIMP subgroups, classified based on the extent of DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes assessed using a variety of laboratory methods. Associations of CIMP with outcome parameters were estimated using pooled odds ratio or standardized mean differences using random-effects model. RESULTS: We confirmed prior associations including female sex, older age, right-sided tumor location, poor differentiation, and microsatellite instability. In addition to the recognized association with BRAF mutations, CIMP was also associated with PIK3CA mutations and lack of mutations in KRAS and TP53. Evidence of an activated immune response was seen with high rates of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (but not peritumoral lymphocytes), Crohn-like infiltrates, and infiltration with Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria. Additionally, CIMP tumors were associated with advance T-stage and presence of perineural and lymphovascular invasion. CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis highlights key features distinguishing CIMP in colorectal cancer, including molecular characteristics of an active immune response. Improved understanding of this unique molecular subtype of colorectal cancer may provide insights into prevention and treatment.
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25
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Dotti I, Mora-Buch R, Ferrer-Picón E, Planell N, Jung P, Masamunt MC, Leal RF, Martín de Carpi J, Llach J, Ordás I, Batlle E, Panés J, Salas A. Alterations in the epithelial stem cell compartment could contribute to permanent changes in the mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut 2017; 66:2069-2079. [PMID: 27803115 PMCID: PMC5749340 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE UC is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa. Growing evidence supports a role for epithelial cell defects in driving pathology. Moreover, long-lasting changes in the epithelial barrier have been reported in quiescent UC. Our aim was to investigate whether epithelial cell defects could originate from changes in the epithelial compartment imprinted by the disease. DESIGN Epithelial organoid cultures (EpOCs) were expanded ex vivo from the intestinal crypts of non-IBD controls and patients with UC. EpOCs were induced to differentiate (d-EpOCs), and the total RNA was extracted for microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses. Whole intestinal samples were used to determine mRNA expression by qPCR, or protein localisation by immunostaining. RESULTS EpOCs from patients with UC maintained self-renewal potential and the capability to give rise to differentiated epithelial cell lineages comparable with control EpOCs. Nonetheless, a group of genes was differentially regulated in the EpOCs and d-EpOCs of patients with UC, including genes associated with antimicrobial defence (ie, LYZ, PLA2G2A), with secretory (ie, ZG16, CLCA1) and absorptive (ie, AQP8, MUC12) functions, and with a gastric phenotype (ie, ANXA10, CLDN18 and LYZ). A high rate of concordance was found in the expression profiles of the organoid cultures and whole colonic tissues from patients with UC. CONCLUSIONS Permanent changes in the colonic epithelium of patients with UC could be promoted by alterations imprinted in the stem cell compartment. These changes may contribute to perpetuation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rut Mora-Buch
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ferrer-Picón
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Planell
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain,Bioinformatics Platform, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Jung
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Carme Masamunt
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Franco Leal
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain,IBD Research Laboratory, Surgery Department, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Javier Martín de Carpi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Llach
- Endoscopy Unit, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ingrid Ordás
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Panés
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Annexin A13 promotes tumor cell invasion in vitro and is associated with metastasis in human colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21663-21673. [PMID: 28423508 PMCID: PMC5400614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aberrantly upregulated expression of selected members of annexin, a group of calcium- and membrane-binding proteins, have been found to be associated with metastasis, poor prognosis, and other clinical characteristics in colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most diagnosed cancer. However, ANXA13 (encoding protein annexin A13), the original founder gene of the annexin A family, has not been studied carefully as a potential prognostic biomarker in CRC. Methods The protein level of annexin A13 was determined by western blot in a panel of CRC cell lines. Tumor cell invasion was determined by a Matrigel in vitro invasion assay in selected CRC cells with either upregulated (via plasmid transfection) or downregulated (via siRNA treatment) expression of ANXA13. The clinicopathological features and prognostic values associated with ANXA13 expression were also evaluated in a group of 125 CRC patients. Results ANXA13 was expressed at a high level in HCT116 and HT29 cells but undetected or at a lower level in SW620, SW48, and Rko cells. CRC cell invasion was promoted by ANXA13 overexpression in SW620 or Rko cells and was reduced by ANXA13 downregulation in HCT116 or HT29 cells. In CRC patients, ANXA13 expression levels correlated with lymph node metastasis and were associated with poor overall survival. Conclusions ANXA13 is associated with CRC cell invasion in vitro, and with lymph node metastasis and poor survival in CRC patients. Our results indicate that ANXA13 can be exploited as a biomarker for its diagnostic and prognostic values.
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27
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Li F, Xue ZY, Liu X, Bai G, Wang YL. Annexin A10 contributes to chronic constrictive injury-induced pain through activating ERK1/2 signalling in rats. Int J Neurosci 2017; 128:125-132. [PMID: 28866949 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1375913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhou-Ya Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Gang Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Huai'an, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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28
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Annexin A10 is a candidate marker associated with the progression of pancreatic precursor lesions to adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175039. [PMID: 28369074 PMCID: PMC5378402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are a multigene family of calcium and phospholipid-binding proteins that play important roles in calcium signaling, cell motility, differentiation and proliferation. Our previous mass spectrometry-based proteomics study revealed that annexin A10 (ANXA10) was uniquely overexpressed in pancreatic CD24+ adenocarcinoma cells that were dissected from clinical PDAC tissues but was absent in CD24- adjacent normal cells. The correlation between ANXA10 expression and the progression of pancreatic cancer remains unknown. In this study, we performed an immunostaining assay to evaluate ANXA10 expression in 155 primary human tissue specimens, including normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis (CP), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN, the most important precursor of PDAC), and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). The immunostaining result showed that ANXA10 was significantly overexpressed in PanINs, IPMNs, and PDACs but negative in normal pancreas and the majority of chronic pancreatitis tissues. Statistical analysis revealed that ANXA10 expression was significantly associated with PDAC and its precursor lesions (p<0.0001). Abundant ANXA10 expression was predominantly present in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells of PanINs, IPMNs, and tumor cells of PDACs. Since PDAC develops through a series of PanINs which in turn arise from pancreatic ducts, the consistent overexpression of ANXA10 in ductal epithelial cells in PanINs and PDACs but negative in normal pancreatic ducts suggests that ANXA10 could serve as a potential marker indicating the presence of PDAC at its earliest precancerous stages. Double immunostaining of ANXA10 and CD24 showed that there was a large overlap between these two markers in PDAC and high-grade neoplasia lesions. The statistical analysis showed that the coexpression of ANXA10 and CD24 was significantly correlated with the progression of pancreatic precursor lesions towards PDACs.
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29
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Sakamoto N, Feng Y, Stolfi C, Kurosu Y, Green M, Lin J, Green ME, Sentani K, Yasui W, McMahon M, Hardiman KM, Spence JR, Horita N, Greenson JK, Kuick R, Cho KR, Fearon ER. BRAF V600E cooperates with CDX2 inactivation to promote serrated colorectal tumorigenesis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28072391 PMCID: PMC5268782 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While 20–30% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) may arise from precursors with serrated glands, only 8–10% of CRCs manifest serrated morphology at diagnosis. Markers for distinguishing CRCs arising from ‘serrated’ versus ‘conventional adenoma’ precursors are lacking. We studied 36 human serrated CRCs and found CDX2 loss or BRAF mutations in ~60% of cases and often together (p=0.04). CDX2Null/BRAFV600E expression in adult mouse intestinal epithelium led to serrated morphology tumors (including carcinomas) and BRAFV600E potently interacted with CDX2 silencing to alter gene expression. Like human serrated lesions, CDX2Null/BRAFV600E-mutant epithelium expressed gastric markers. Organoids from CDX2Null/BRAFV600E–mutant colon epithelium showed serrated features, and partially recapitulated the gene expression pattern in mouse colon tissues. We present a novel mouse tumor model based on signature defects seen in many human serrated CRCs – CDX2 loss and BRAFV600E. The mouse intestinal tumors show significant phenotypic similarities to human serrated CRCs and inform about serrated CRC pathogenesis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20331.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Yuki Kurosu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Maranne Green
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jeffry Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Megan E Green
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Martin McMahon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Karin M Hardiman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Nobukatsu Horita
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Kathleen R Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Eric R Fearon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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30
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RNF43 Is an Early and Specific Mutated Gene in the Serrated Pathway, With Increased Frequency in Traditional Serrated Adenoma and Its Associated Malignancy. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40:1352-9. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chen KH, Yuan CT, Tseng LH, Shun CT, Yeh KH. Case report: mismatch repair proficiency and microsatellite stability in gastric cancer may not predict programmed death-1 blockade resistance. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:29. [PMID: 27012666 PMCID: PMC4806434 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-programmed death-1 therapy has poor efficacy in mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) colorectal cancers; however, its efficacy in pMMR gastric cancers remains undetermined. Here, we report the case of a patient with pMMR and microsatellite-stable gastric cancer who exhibited a partial response to salvage anti-programmed death-1 therapy with pembrolizumab. Case presentation Initially, the patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy 4 years ago for early-stage gastric cancer (pT1bN2M0, stage IIA). Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor revealed strongly positive for HER2/neu. He had received trastuzumab plus pertuzumab, cisplatin, and capecitabine for recurrent tumors since September 2014 for 15 cycles. Disease progression of gastric cancer was found in August 2015. Since September 2015, the patient has received pembrolizumab monotherapy (200 mg as a fixed dose, every 3 weeks) for 3 months and the repeat computed tomography demonstrated a confirmed partial response. The plasma carcinoembryonic antigen also decreased dramatically. Both immunohistochemistry and a polymerase chain reaction-based method revealed that the patient had pMMR gastric cancer. Conclusions This case report provides the first report that mismatch repair-proficient and microsatellite-stable gastric cancers can respond well to anti-PD-1 monotherapy and indicates both markers may not sufficiently be predictive of anti-PD-1 therapy resistance in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsing Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7, Chun-Shan S Rd, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Tsu Yuan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hui Tseng
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Huei Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7, Chun-Shan S Rd, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tsai JH, Liau JY, Lin YL, Tseng LH, Lin LI, Yeh KH, Jeng YM. Frequent BRAF mutation in early-onset colorectal cancer in Taiwan: association with distinct clinicopathological and molecular features and poor clinical outcome. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:319-25. [PMID: 26500331 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occurrence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) under the age of 30 is very rare and the molecular characteristics are poorly understood. A low BRAF mutation rate has been noted in several studies of EOCRC from Western countries. AIMS To determine the clinicopathological and molecular features of EOCRCs in Taiwan. METHODS KRAS/BRAF gene mutation, mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability and CpG island methylation phenotype analyses were examined to determine the molecular characteristics of EOCRC. RESULTS Sixty-six patients with EOCRC at our hospital between 2000 and 2012 were studied. BRAF mutation was detected in 11 of the 59 tumours analysed (19%) and the rate was significantly higher than the overall BRAF mutation rate of colorectal cancer in patients older than 30 years (p<0.001). Clinically, 9 of 11 patients with BRAF-mutated tumours presented with advanced-stage diseases and they presented significantly more frequently with stage IV disease than those with BRAF wild-type tumours (p=0.042). Histologically, BRAF mutation was associated with a poorly differentiated histology, a serrated precursor polyp and focal signet ring cell differentiation (p=0.042, 0.008 and 0.008, respectively). None of the BRAF-mutated tumours was mismatch repair protein-deficient and/or microsatellite instability-high. Overall survival of patients with BRAF-mutated tumours was significantly worse than that of patients with BRAF wild-type tumours, despite adjustment for the disease stages and tumour differentiation. CONCLUSIONS BRAF mutation was frequent in EOCRCs in Taiwan and was associated with distinct clinicopathological and molecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Huei Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yu Liau
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hui Tseng
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-In Lin
- Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Huei Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bae JM, Kim JH, Rhee YY, Cho NY, Kim TY, Kang GH. Annexin A10 expression in colorectal cancers with emphasis on the serrated neoplasia pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9749-9757. [PMID: 26361422 PMCID: PMC4562959 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i33.9749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To validate the utility of Annexin A10 as a surrogate marker of the serrated neoplasia pathway in invasive colorectal cancers (CRCs).
METHODS: A total of 1133 primary CRC patients who underwent surgical resection at Seoul National University Hospital between January 2004 and December 2007 were enrolled. Expression of Annexin A10 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray and paired to our findings on clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of each individual. CpG island methylator phenotype was determined by MethyLight assay and microsatellite instability was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. KRAS and BRAF mutation status was evaluated by direct sequencing and allele-specific PCR. Univariate and stage-specific survival analyses were performed to reveal the prognostic value of Annexin A10 expression.
RESULTS: Annexin A10 expression was observed in 66 (5.8%) of the 1133 patients. Annexin A10 expression was more commonly found in females and was associated with proximal location, ulcerative gross type, advanced T category, N category and TNM stage. CRCs with Annexin A10 expression showed an absence of luminal necrosis, luminal serration and mucin production. CRCs with Annexin A10 expression were associated with CpG island methylator phenotype, microsatellite instability and BRAF mutation. In survival analysis, Annexin A10 expression was associated with poor overall survival and progression-free survival, especially in stage IV CRCs.
CONCLUSION: Annexin A10 expression is associated with poor clinical behavior and can be used a supportive surrogate marker of the serrated neoplasia pathway in invasive CRCs.
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Bae JM, Lee TH, Cho NY, Kim TY, Kang GH. Loss of CDX2 expression is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1457-1467. [PMID: 25663765 PMCID: PMC4316088 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic implications associated with loss of CDX2 expression in colorectal cancers (CRCs).
METHODS: We immunohistochemically evaluated CDX2 expression in 713 CRCs and paired our findings to clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of each individual. Endpoints included cytokeratin 7 and CK20 expression, microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and KRAS and BRAF mutation statuses. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis was performed to reveal the prognostic value of CDX2 downregulation.
RESULTS: CDX2 expression was lost in 42 (5.9%) patients. Moreover, loss of CDX2 expression was associated with proximal location, infiltrative growth, advanced T, N, M and overall stage. On microscopic examination, loss of CDX2 expression was associated with poor differentiation, increased number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, luminal serration and mucin production. Loss of CDX2 expression was also associated with increased CK7 expression, decreased CK20 expression, CpG island methylator phenotype, microsatellite instability and BRAF mutation. In a univariate survival analysis, patients with loss of CDX2 expression showed worse overall survival (P < 0.001) and progression-free survival (P < 0.001). In a multivariate survival analysis, loss of CDX2 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor of overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.04-2.85, P = 0.034] and progression-free survival (HR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.22-3.07, P = 0.005).
CONCLUSION: Loss of CDX2 expression is associated with aggressive clinical behavior and can be used as a prognostic marker in CRCs.
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Kim JH, Kim KJ, Rhee YY, Bae JM, Cho NY, Lee HS, Kang GH. Gastric-type expression signature in serrated pathway-associated colorectal tumors. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:643-56. [PMID: 25704805 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that serrated pathway-associated colorectal tumors may be associated with aberrant gastric-type differentiation. Here, we investigated the immunoexpression profiles of gastric-type markers and intestinal-type markers in colorectal tumors, focusing on their relation to serrated pathway-associated tumors. Immunohistochemistry for 7 gastric-type markers (ANXA10, VSIG1, CLDN18, CTSE, TFF2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) and 2 intestinal-type markers (CDX2 and CK20) was performed in 36 normal gastric/colorectal mucosa tissues, 163 colorectal polyps, and 175 microsatellite-unstable colorectal carcinomas (MSI-H CRCs). In normal tissues, all 7 candidate gastric-type markers showed expressional specificity for normal gastric mucosa. Among the colorectal polyps, sessile serrated adenoma/polyps demonstrated the highest positive rate of ANXA10, CLDN18, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expression (87%, 35%, 61%, and 52%, respectively). Microvesicular hyperplastic polyps showed the highest frequencies of ANXA10, VSIG1, and TFF2 positivity (87%, 87%, and 67%, respectively). ANXA10 and MUC6 expression was not detected in all conventional adenomas. In MSI-H CRCs, the expression of ANXA10, TFF2, and MUC5AC was significantly associated with sporadic tumors (P < .001, P = .01, and P < .001, respectively). Moreover, all of the 7 gastric-type markers were significantly related to preferential expression in proximal colon carcinomas among MSI-H CRCs. CDX2 and CK20 expression was retained in all colorectal polyps, whereas there were significantly high frequencies of CDX2 loss (28%) and CK20 loss (29%) in sporadic tumors among MSI-H CRCs. In conclusion, the early gain of gastric differentiation and late loss of intestinal differentiation are immunophenotypic features in the serrated pathway to colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Young Rhee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mo Bae
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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