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Lorca MC, Huang J, Schafernak K, Biyyam D, Stanescu AL, Hull NC, Katzman PJ, Ellika S, Chaturvedi A. Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor and Related Pediatric Tumors: Multimodality Imaging Review with Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics 2024; 44:e240015. [PMID: 39088359 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are rare but lethal solid neoplasms that overwhelmingly affect infants and young children. While the central nervous system is the most common site of occurrence, tumors can develop at other sites, including the kidneys and soft tissues throughout the body. The anatomic site of involvement dictates tumor nomenclature and nosology. While the clinical and imaging manifestations of MRTs and other more common entities may overlap, there are some site-specific distinctive imaging characteristics. Irrespective of the site of occurrence, somatic and germline mutations in SMARCB1, and rarely in SMARCA4, underlie the entire spectrum of rhabdoid tumors. MRTs have a simple and remarkably stable genome but can demonstrate considerable molecular and biologic heterogeneity. Related neoplasms encompass an expanding category of phenotypically dissimilar (nonrhabdoid tumors driven by SMARC-related alterations) entities. US, CT, MRI, and fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT or PET/MRI facilitate diagnosis, initial staging, and follow-up, thus informing therapeutic decision making. Multifocal synchronous or metachronous rhabdoid tumors occur predominantly in the context of underlying rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndromes (RTPSs). These autosomal dominant disorders are driven in most cases by pathogenic variants in SMARCB1 (RTPS type 1) and rarely by pathogenic variants in SMARCA4 (RTPS type 2). Genetic testing and counseling are imperative in RTPS. Guidelines for imaging surveillance in cases of RTPS are based on age at diagnosis. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Lorca
- From the Department of Imaging Sciences (M.C.L., S.E., A.C.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.J.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (J.H.); Departments of Pathology (K.S.) and Radiology (D.B.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz; Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash (A.L.S.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (N.C.H.)
| | - Jessie Huang
- From the Department of Imaging Sciences (M.C.L., S.E., A.C.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.J.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (J.H.); Departments of Pathology (K.S.) and Radiology (D.B.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz; Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash (A.L.S.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (N.C.H.)
| | - Kristian Schafernak
- From the Department of Imaging Sciences (M.C.L., S.E., A.C.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.J.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (J.H.); Departments of Pathology (K.S.) and Radiology (D.B.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz; Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash (A.L.S.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (N.C.H.)
| | - Deepa Biyyam
- From the Department of Imaging Sciences (M.C.L., S.E., A.C.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.J.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (J.H.); Departments of Pathology (K.S.) and Radiology (D.B.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz; Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash (A.L.S.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (N.C.H.)
| | - A Luana Stanescu
- From the Department of Imaging Sciences (M.C.L., S.E., A.C.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.J.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (J.H.); Departments of Pathology (K.S.) and Radiology (D.B.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz; Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash (A.L.S.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (N.C.H.)
| | - Nathan C Hull
- From the Department of Imaging Sciences (M.C.L., S.E., A.C.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.J.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (J.H.); Departments of Pathology (K.S.) and Radiology (D.B.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz; Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash (A.L.S.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (N.C.H.)
| | - Philip J Katzman
- From the Department of Imaging Sciences (M.C.L., S.E., A.C.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.J.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (J.H.); Departments of Pathology (K.S.) and Radiology (D.B.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz; Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash (A.L.S.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (N.C.H.)
| | - Shehanaz Ellika
- From the Department of Imaging Sciences (M.C.L., S.E., A.C.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.J.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (J.H.); Departments of Pathology (K.S.) and Radiology (D.B.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz; Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash (A.L.S.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (N.C.H.)
| | - Apeksha Chaturvedi
- From the Department of Imaging Sciences (M.C.L., S.E., A.C.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.J.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (J.H.); Departments of Pathology (K.S.) and Radiology (D.B.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz; Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Wash (A.L.S.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (N.C.H.)
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Thway K, Fisher C. A Practical Approach to Small Round Cell Tumors Involving the Gastrointestinal Tract and Abdomen. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:765-778. [PMID: 37863565 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Small round cell neoplasms are diagnostically challenging owing to their clinical and pathologic overlap, necessitating use of large immunopanels and molecular analysis. Ewing sarcomas (ES) are the most common, but EWSR1 is translocated in several diverse neoplasms, some with round cell morphology. Molecular advances enable classification of many tumors previously termed 'atypical ES'. The current WHO Classification includes two new undifferentiated round cell sarcomas (with CIC or BCOR alterations), and a group of sarcomas in which EWSR1 partners with non-Ewing family transcription factor genes. This article reviews the spectrum of small round cell sarcomas within the gastrointestinal tract and abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Cyril Fisher
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
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Yin H, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhang J. Imaging findings of primary epithelioid sarcoma of adrenal gland: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1015258. [PMID: 37256180 PMCID: PMC10225629 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1015258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare soft tissue malignant tumor with an uncertain histogenetic origin. It usually arises in soft tissues of the extremities, while ES in adrenal gland is extremely rare. There is no special clinical manifestation in the early stage, so it may be misdiagnosed and delay the treatment. We reported a 69-year-old male with an adrenal ES. The tumor was completely resected, and two months later, positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET/CT) noted recurrence at the tumor bed and multiple metastases. The patient has been treated with chemotherapy with good effects. We summarize the radiological findings and immunohistochemical indexes of primary epithelioid sarcoma of adrenal gland, which may be useful to promote disease awareness and help to distinguish among other lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yin
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linyun Wu
- Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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Agaimy A. SWI/SNF-deficient Malignancies: Optimal Candidates for Immune-oncological Therapy? Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:211-217. [PMID: 36069856 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of different subunits of the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex has emerged as one of the most frequent genetic pathways driving a variety of neoplasms of diverse histogenesis, originating in different organs. With few exceptions, most SWI/SNF-deficient malignancies pursue a highly aggressive clinical course resulting in widespread disease dissemination either at or soon after diagnosis, ultimately causing patients' death soon after diagnosis, despite the apparently curative treatment intention. To date, no satisfactorily effective systemic chemotherapy has been established for treating these diseases. This disappointing finding underlines the urgent need for an effective systemic therapy that would enable sufficient intermediate to long-term disease control. Recently, SWI/SNF-deficiency has increasingly emerged as pivotal in cancer immunogenicity and hence a promising biomarker predicting response to immune-checkpoint inhibition therapy utilizing several recently established drugs. This review summarizes the most recent literature on this topic with emphasis on the entities that most likely represent suitable candidates for immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Akiyama T, Yoshimatsu Y, Noguchi R, Sin Y, Tsuchiya R, Ono T, Sato C, Kojima N, Yoshida A, Kawai A, Ohtori S, Kondo T. Establishment and characterization of NCC-MRT1-C1: a novel cell line of malignant rhabdoid tumor. Hum Cell 2022; 35:2002-2010. [PMID: 35927606 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a sarcoma histologically characterized by rhabdoid cells and genetically characterized by loss of function of the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF induced by SMARCB1 gene deficiency. MRT mainly occurs in children, may arise in various locations, but is predominantly in the central nervous system (CNS) and kidney. Although MRT exhibits poor prognosis, standard treatment has not yet been established due to its extreme rarity. Patient-derived cancer cell lines are critical tools for basic and pre-clinical research in the development of chemotherapy. However, none of the MRT cell lines was derived from adult patients, and only one cell line was derived from the MRT of a soft tissue, despite the clinical behavior of MRT varying according to patient age and anatomic site. Herein, we reported the first cell line of MRT isolated from the soft tissue of an adult patient and named it NCC-MRT1-C1. NCC-MRT1-C1 cells showed a biallelic loss of the SMARCB1 gene. NCC-MRT1-C1 cells demonstrated rapid proliferation, spheroid formation, invasion capability in vitro, and tumorigenesis in nude mice. Screening of antitumor agents in NCC-MRT1-C1 cells resulted in the identification of six effective drugs. In conclusion, we report the first MRT cell line from the soft tissue of an adult patient. We believe that NCC-MRT1-C1 is a useful tool for developing novel chemotherapies for MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Akiyama
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rei Noguchi
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yooksil Sin
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuto Tsuchiya
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Takuya Ono
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sato
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoki Kojima
- Department of Diagnosis Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnosis Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Seji Ohtori
- The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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6
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Gerber TS, Agaimy A, Hartmann A, Habekost M, Roth W, Stenzinger A, Schirmacher P, Straub BK. SWI/SNF-deficient undifferentiated/rhabdoid carcinoma of the gallbladder carrying a POLE mutation in a 30-year-old woman: a case report. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:52. [PMID: 34118935 PMCID: PMC8196506 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated carcinoma of the biliary tract are highly aggressive malignancies. In other organs, a subgroup of undifferentiated carcinoma related to SWI/SNF complex-deficiency have been described. CASE PRESENTATION A 30-year-old woman presented with rising inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP)). Ultrasound examination revealed a large tumor of the liver. A computed tomography scan was performed and was primarily interpreted as a tumor-forming liver abscess, possibly caused by gallbladder perforation. Subsequent liver segment resection was performed. Microscopic examination showed an undifferentiated carcinoma with rhabdoid morphology and prominent inflammatory infiltrate in the gallbladder base. With SWI/SNF immunohistochemistry, intact expression of SMARCB1, SMARCA4, ARID1A, but loss of SMARCA2 and PBRM1 was detected. Next-generation-sequencing detected KRAS, PBRM1 and ARID1B mutations, a deleterious splice-site mutation in the POLE-gene and a mutation in the TP53-gene. CONCLUSIONS We were able to demonstrate loss of SMARCA2 expression and mutations characteristic of an SWI/SNF-deficient carcinoma in a tumor derived from the gallbladder. This is the first reported case of an undifferentiated carcinoma with rhabdoid features in the gallbladder carrying a POLE mutation and SWI/SNF-deficiency of PBRM1 and SMARCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemo S Gerber
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Habekost
- Department of General- and Visceral Surgery, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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7
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Alturkustani M, Schmidt R, Gayer C, Warren M, Navid F, Raca G, Biegel JA, Pawel B, Zhou S. Primary Adrenal Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor in a 14-Year-Old Female: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 30:172-176. [PMID: 34106024 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211024331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare, SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1)-deficient, aggressive tumor, occurring predominantly in children below 3 years of age. Primary adrenal MRT is extremely rare, with only 3 cases reported in the literature. A previously healthy 14-year-old female presented with left upper quadrant/epigastric abdominal pain. Imaging studies revealed an 8.0 × 8.0 × 6.5 cm, heterogeneous, partially enhancing mass along the superior margin of the left kidney encasing the adrenal gland. Surgical resection of the tumor revealed a hypercellular heterogeneous neoplasm arising from the adrenal gland. It was composed predominantly of primitive small round blue cells with focal true rosettes and areas of vague glandular epithelial differentiation and chondroid differentiation. Classic rhabdoid-type cytoplasmic inclusions were focally present. Mitoses, tumor necrosis, and hemorrhage were readily seen. Tumor cells showed complete loss of SMARCB1 (INI1) nuclear staining, demonstrated strong, and diffuse positivity for glypican 3, patchy positivity for CD99, cytokeratin, Sal-like protein 4, Lin-28 homolog A, epithelial membrane antigen, and S100. Molecular studies revealed biallelic frameshift mutations in the SMARCB1 gene (c.673delG and c.683dupT) without pathogenic copy number aberrations. The histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings support a diagnosis of MRT. The unusual age, location, and mutations of this case expand the clinicopathologic and molecular spectrum of MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alturkustani
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,37848King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan Schmidt
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Gayer
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mikako Warren
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fariba Navid
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gordana Raca
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shengmei Zhou
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Abstract
The SMARCB1/INI1 gene was first discovered in the mid-1990s, and since then it has been revealed that loss of function mutations in this gene result in aggressive rhabdoid tumors. Recently, the term "rhabdoid tumor" has become synonymous with decreased SMARCB1/INI1 expression. When genetic aberrations in the SMARCB1/INI1 gene occur, the result can cause complete loss of expression, decreased expression, and mosaic expression. Although SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors are predominantly sarcomas, this is a diverse group of tumors with mixed phenotypes, which can often make the diagnosis challenging. Prognosis for these aggressive tumors is often poor. Moreover, refractory and relapsing progressive disease is common. As a result, accurate and timely diagnosis is imperative. Despite the SMARCB1/INI1 gene itself and its implications in tumorigenesis being discovered over two decades ago, there is a paucity of rhabdoid tumor cases reported in the literature that detail SMARCB1/INI1 expression. Much work remains if we hope to provide additional therapeutic strategies for patients with aggressive SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A Parker
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 1010 N Kansas St, Wichita, KS, 67214, USA
| | - Ammar Al-Obaidi
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 1010 N Kansas St, Wichita, KS, 67214, USA
| | - Jeremy M Deutsch
- Cancer Center of Kansas, 818 N. Emporia #403, Wichita, KS, 67214, USA
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9
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Kohashi K, Yamamoto H, Yamada Y, Kinoshita I, Oda Y. Brachyury expression in intracranial SMARCB1-deficient tumors: important points for distinguishing poorly differentiated chordoma from atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. Hum Pathol 2021; 112:1-8. [PMID: 33741347 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss of SMARCB1 protein expression has recently been identified in a variety of tumor types such as poorly differentiated chordoma (PCh) and malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) including atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT). PCh is characterized by poorly differentiated epithelioid tumor cells, sheet arrangement, and coexpression of nonepithelial and epithelial markers. Rhabdoid cells are sometimes present. Therefore, the differentiation of these tumors is often difficult. Brachyury is a transcription factor within the T-box family typically expressed in notochord tissue and chordomas. Some studies have reported high specificity and sensitivity of brachyury expression in chordomas. In the present study, we analyzed immunohistochemical brachyury expression in SMARCB1-deficient tumors and discuss important clinicopathological and diagnostic points, especially in cases of intracranial SMARCB1-deficient tumors with brachyury expression. Brachyury and cytokeratin immunoexpression status was examined in 42 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded SMARCB1-deficient tumor specimens (PCh, 6 cases; extra-central nervous system [CNS] MRT, 26 cases; AT/RT, 10 cases) and 25 cases of conventional chordoma (CCh). All cases of PCh and CCh showed diffuse immunopositivities for cytokeratin 8, pan-cytokeratin, and brachyury. Brachyury immunoexpression was present in 2 extra-CNS MRT (8%) and 5 AT/RT (50%) cases, but immunopositivity was focal not diffuse. Indeed, in almost all cases of AT/RT (cytokeratin 8, 7/10 cases; pan-cytokeratin, 7/10 cases) and extra-CNS MRT (cytokeratin 8, 23/26 cases; pan-cytokeratin, 25/26 cases), fewer than 50% of cells showed immunoreactivity. Although the histological and clinical features of PCh resemble those of AT/RT, semiquantitative evaluations of the degree of brachyury and cytokeratin immunoexpressivity may help to distinguish PCh from AT/RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Izumi Kinoshita
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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10
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Kinnaman MD, Hamill D, Yabe M, Powell J, Benhamida J, Hasselblatt M, Neumann M, Vokuhl C, Koelsche C, von Deimling A, Kolb EA, Solit DB, Ladanyi M, Dogan A, Shukla N. Aggressive Hematopoietic Malignancy Characterized by Biallelic Loss of SMARCB1. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:2000215. [PMID: 33163846 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Kinnaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Darcy Hamill
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mariko Yabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jamal Benhamida
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Martin Neumann
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Christian Koelsche
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Edward Anders Kolb
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David B Solit
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Neerav Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Wong M, Mayoh C, Lau LMS, Khuong-Quang DA, Pinese M, Kumar A, Barahona P, Wilkie EE, Sullivan P, Bowen-James R, Syed M, Martincorena I, Abascal F, Sherstyuk A, Bolanos NA, Baber J, Priestley P, Dolman MEM, Fleuren EDG, Gauthier ME, Mould EVA, Gayevskiy V, Gifford AJ, Grebert-Wade D, Strong PA, Manouvrier E, Warby M, Thomas DM, Kirk J, Tucker K, O'Brien T, Alvaro F, McCowage GB, Dalla-Pozza L, Gottardo NG, Tapp H, Wood P, Khaw SL, Hansford JR, Moore AS, Norris MD, Trahair TN, Lock RB, Tyrrell V, Haber M, Marshall GM, Ziegler DS, Ekert PG, Cowley MJ. Whole genome, transcriptome and methylome profiling enhances actionable target discovery in high-risk pediatric cancer. Nat Med 2020; 26:1742-1753. [PMID: 33020650 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Zero Childhood Cancer Program is a precision medicine program to benefit children with poor-outcome, rare, relapsed or refractory cancer. Using tumor and germline whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) across 252 tumors from high-risk pediatric patients with cancer, we identified 968 reportable molecular aberrations (39.9% in WGS and RNAseq, 35.1% in WGS only and 25.0% in RNAseq only). Of these patients, 93.7% had at least one germline or somatic aberration, 71.4% had therapeutic targets and 5.2% had a change in diagnosis. WGS identified pathogenic cancer-predisposing variants in 16.2% of patients. In 76 central nervous system tumors, methylome analysis confirmed diagnosis in 71.1% of patients and contributed to a change of diagnosis in two patients (2.6%). To date, 43 patients have received a recommended therapy, 38 of whom could be evaluated, with 31% showing objective evidence of clinical benefit. Comprehensive molecular profiling resolved the molecular basis of virtually all high-risk cancers, leading to clinical benefit in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Wong
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Loretta M S Lau
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Dong-Anh Khuong-Quang
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Amit Kumar
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paulette Barahona
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Emilie E Wilkie
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia Sullivan
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel Bowen-James
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Mustafa Syed
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Alexandra Sherstyuk
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Noemi A Bolanos
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Baber
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Hartwig Medical Foundation Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Priestley
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Hartwig Medical Foundation Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Emmy M Dolman
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Emmy D G Fleuren
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie-Emilie Gauthier
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily V A Mould
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Gifford
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Dylan Grebert-Wade
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick A Strong
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Elodie Manouvrier
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Meera Warby
- Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Judy Kirk
- Familial Cancer Service, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Tucker
- Hereditary Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracey O'Brien
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank Alvaro
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffry B McCowage
- Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Luciano Dalla-Pozza
- Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Gottardo
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology/Haematology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Heather Tapp
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul Wood
- Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Seong-Lin Khaw
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jordan R Hansford
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Oncology Service, Oncology Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Toby N Trahair
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa Tyrrell
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - Paul G Ekert
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Kohashi K, Kinoshita I, Oda Y. Soft Tissue Special Issue: Skeletal Muscle Tumors: A Clinicopathological Review. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 14:12-20. [PMID: 31950473 PMCID: PMC7021913 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tumors are classified into rhabdomyoma and embryonal, alveolar, spindle cell/sclerosing and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma according to WHO classifications of tumors. These tumors arise mostly in the head and neck and, in childhood, represent the largest subset of soft tissue tumors. Although these skeletal muscle tumors show common immunoexpression of two myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD1 and myogenin, their molecular biological backgrounds are quite different. Therefore, treatment regimens vary a great deal depending on the histological subtype. Histopathologically, rhabdomyoma is characterized by well-demarcated lesions with no invasion of the surrounding tissue. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is composed of primitive mesenchymal cells in various stages of myogenesis and shows heterogeneous nuclear staining for myogenin. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, on the other hand, shows a proliferation of uniform primitive round cells arranged in alveolar patterns. The tumor cells at the periphery of alveolar structures adhere in a single layer to the fibrous septa. Diffuse and strong nuclear immunoexpression for myogenin is observed. In genetic backgrounds, almost all alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas contain a characteristic fusion gene such as PAX3/7-FOXO1. Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma is characterized by fascicularly arranged spindle-shaped cells or dense hyalinized collagenous matrix. NCOR2- or VGLL2-related gene fusions or MYOD1 (p.L122R) mutation is commonly recognized. Epithelioid rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare variant of rhabdomyosarcoma that shows a proliferation of epithelioid tumor cells having large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and amphophilic to eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in sheets. As these characteristic histological and molecular features are present in each subtype, it is possible to diagnose skeletal muscle tumors accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Izumi Kinoshita
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Lu B, Shi H. An In-Depth Look at Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary, Hypercalcemic Type (SCCOHT): Clinical Implications from Recent Molecular Findings. J Cancer 2019; 10:223-237. [PMID: 30662543 PMCID: PMC6329856 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a highly aggressive cancer in young women. The histogenesis remains unclear although a potential origin of germ cells has been suggested recently. The high throughput next generation sequencing techniques have facilitated the identification of inactivating SMARCA4 mutations as the driver of SCCOHT. These findings may greatly impact on the prevention, diagnosis, molecular classification and treatment of SCCOHTs. The SMARCA4 mutations, typically associated with dual loss of BRG1 and BRM expression, are highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of SCCOHT. Germline mutations of SMARCA4 support familial SCCOHT with a critical requirement of genetic counseling and possible prophylactic surgery for carriers. SCCOHT, malignant atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, thoracic sarcomas and some undifferentiated carcinomas harbor rhabdoid morphology and mutations in the SMARC genes, generating an emerging molecular classification of SMARC-mutated tumors. A multi-modality treatment approach consisting of surgery and high dose multi-agent chemotherapy in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors may have potential benefits for SCCOHT patients. Preliminary studies have implicated that the inhibitors targeting EZH2 and the receptor tyrosine kinase, and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy might be potentially effective for SCCOHT patients. These recent advances on molecular genetics, diagnosis and treatment of SCCOHT address the necessity of multiple institutional collaboration work among oncologist, pathologist, genomic scientist, geneticist, molecular biologist, and pharmacologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Lu
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Center for Uterine Cancer Diagnosis & Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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14
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Mihály D, Papp G, Mervai Z, Reszegi A, Tátrai P, Szalóki G, Sápi J, Sápi Z. The oncomir face of microRNA-206: A permanent miR-206 transfection study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1014-1023. [PMID: 30111166 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218795406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-206 is a remarkable miRNA because it functions as a suppressor miRNA in rhabdomyosarcoma while at the same time, as previously showed, it can act as an oncomiRNA in SMARCB1 immunonegative soft tissue sarcomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of miR-206 on its several target genes in various human tumorous and normal cell lines. In the current work, we created miR-206-overexpressing cell lines (HT-1080, Caco2, iASC, and SS-iASC) using permanent transfection. mRNA expression of the target genes of miR-206 (SMARCB1, ACTL6A, CCND1, POLA1, NOTCH3, MET, and G6PD) and SMARCB1 protein expression were examined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. MiRNA inhibition was used to validate our results. We found a diverse silencing effect of miR-206 on its target genes. While an overall tendency of downregulation was noted, expression profiles of individual cell lines showed large variability. Only CCND1 and MET were consistently downregulated. MiR-206 had an antiproliferative effect on a normal human fibroblast cell line. A strong silencing effect of SMARCB1 in miR-206 transfected SS-iASC was most likely caused by the synergic influence of the SS18-SSX1 fusion protein and miR-206. In the same cell line, a moderate decrease of SMARCB1 protein expression could be observed with immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. In the most comprehensive analysis of miR-206 effects so far, a modest but significant downregulation of miR-206 targets on the mRNA level was confirmed across all cell lines. However, the variability of the effect shows that the action of this miRNA is largely cell context-dependent. Our results also support the conception that the oncomiR effect of miR-206 on SMARCB1 plays an important but not exclusive role in SMARCB1 immunonegative soft tissue sarcomas so it can be considered important in planning the targeted therapy of these tumors in the future. Impact statement Mir-206 is a very unique microRNA because it can act as a suppressor miRNA or as an oncomiRNA depending on the tumor tissue. In SMARCB1 negative soft tissue sarcomas miR-206 is overexpressed, so thus in epithelioid and synovial sarcomas it functions as an oncomiRNA. MiR-206 has diverse silencing effects on its target genes. We found that the action of miR-206 is largely cell context dependent. The oncomiR role of miR-206 is crucial but not exclusive in SMARCB1 negative soft tissue sarcomas and miR-206 has an antiproliferative effect on a normal human fibroblast cell line. Expressions of miR-206 targets observed in tumors can only be reproduced in the corresponding tumorous cell lines. This is the first study which examined the permanent effect of miR-206 on its target genes in normal, tumor, and genetically engineered cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Mihály
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Gergő Papp
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Mervai
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Andrea Reszegi
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Szalóki
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Johanna Sápi
- 3 Óbuda University, University Research, Innovation and Service Center, Physiological Controls Research Center, Budapest H-1034, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sápi
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
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15
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SWI/SNF Chromatin-remodeling Complex Status in SMARCB1/INI1-preserved Epithelioid Sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2018; 42:312-318. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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16
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Oda Y, Yamamoto H, Kohashi K, Yamada Y, Iura K, Ishii T, Maekawa A, Bekki H. Soft tissue sarcomas: From a morphological to a molecular biological approach. Pathol Int 2017; 67:435-446. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kunio Iura
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishii
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Bekki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
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17
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Dehner LP. No compelling need to reclassify. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:1042. [PMID: 28663592 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis P Dehner
- The Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's Hospitals, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
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18
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Kohashi K, Oda Y. Oncogenic roles of SMARCB1/INI1 and its deficient tumors. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:547-552. [PMID: 28109176 PMCID: PMC5406539 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SMARCB1/INI1 is one of the core subunit proteins of the ATP-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, and is identified as a potent and bona fide tumor suppressor. Interactions have been demonstrated between SMARCB1/INI1 and key proteins in various pathways related to tumor proliferation and progression: the p16-RB pathway, WNT signaling pathway, sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and Polycomb pathway. Initially, no detectable SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression was found in malignant rhabdoid tumor cells, whereas all other kinds of tumor cells and non-tumorous tissue showed SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression. Therefore, immunohistochemical testing for the SMARCB1/INI1 antibody has been considered useful in confirming the histologic diagnosis of malignant rhabdoid tumors. However, recently, aberrant expression of SMARCB1/INI1 has been found in various tumors such as epithelioid sarcomas, schwannomatosis, synovial sarcomas, and so on. In addition, it has been reported that aberrant expression can be classified into three patterns: complete loss, mosaic expression and reduced expression. Although the various pathways related to mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor proliferation are complexly intertwined, the clarification of these mechanisms may contribute to therapeutic strategies in SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors. In terms of pathological classifications, SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors may be re-classified by genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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