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Zhu J, Zhang J, Lou Y, Zheng Y, Zheng X, Cen W, Ye L, Zhang Q. Developing a machine learning-based prognosis and immunotherapeutic response signature in colorectal cancer: insights from ferroptosis, fatty acid dynamics, and the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1416443. [PMID: 39076986 PMCID: PMC11284049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Instruction Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a challenge to public health and is characterized by a high incidence rate. This study explored the relationship between ferroptosis and fatty acid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of patients with CRC to identify how these interactions impact the prognosis and effectiveness of immunotherapy, focusing on patient outcomes and the potential for predicting treatment response. Methods Using datasets from multiple cohorts, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we conducted an in-depth multi-omics study to uncover the relationship between ferroptosis regulators and fatty acid metabolism in CRC. Through unsupervised clustering, we discovered unique patterns that link ferroptosis and fatty acid metabolism, and further investigated them in the context of immune cell infiltration and pathway analysis. We developed the FeFAMscore, a prognostic model created using a combination of machine learning algorithms, and assessed its predictive power for patient outcomes and responsiveness to treatment. The FeFAMscore signature expression level was confirmed using RT-PCR, and ACAA2 progression in cancer was further verified. Results This study revealed significant correlations between ferroptosis regulators and fatty acid metabolism-related genes with respect to tumor progression. Three distinct patient clusters with varied prognoses and immune cell infiltration were identified. The FeFAMscore demonstrated superior prognostic accuracy over existing models, with a C-index of 0.689 in the training cohort and values ranging from 0.648 to 0.720 in four independent validation cohorts. It also responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, indicating a sensitive response of special therapies (e.g., anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA4, osimertinib) in high FeFAMscore patients. Conclusion Ferroptosis regulators and fatty acid metabolism-related genes not only enhance immune activation, but also contribute to immune escape. Thus, the FeFAMscore, a novel prognostic tool, is promising for predicting both the prognosis and efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchang Zhu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunwei Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijie Zheng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuzhi Zheng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Cen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lechi Ye
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Du YJ, Jiang Y, Hou YM, Shi YB. Complement factor I knockdown inhibits colon cancer development by affecting Wnt/β-catenin/c-Myc signaling pathway and glycolysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2634-2650. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer (CC) occurrence and progression are considerably influenced by the tumor microenvironment. However, the exact underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.
AIM To investigate immune infiltration-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CC and specifically explored the role and potential molecular mechanisms of complement factor I (CFI).
METHODS Immune infiltration-associated DEGs were screened for CC using bioinformatics. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to examine hub DEGs expression in the CC cell lines. Stable CFI-knockdown HT29 and HCT116 cell lines were constructed, and the diverse roles of CFI in vitro were assessed using CCK-8, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine, wound healing, and transwell assays. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining were employed to evaluate the influence of CFI on the tumorigenesis of CC xenograft models constructed using BALB/c male nude mice. Key proteins associated with glycolysis and the Wnt pathway were measured using western blotting.
RESULTS Six key immune infiltration-related DEGs were screened, among which the expression of CFI, complement factor B, lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1, and SRY-related high-mobility-group box 4 was upregulated, whereas that of fatty acid-binding protein 1, and bone morphogenic protein-2 was downregulated. Furthermore, CFI could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for CC. Functionally, CFI silencing inhibited CC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Mechanistically, CFI knockdown downregulated the expression of key glycolysis-related proteins (glucose transporter type 1, hexokinase 2, lactate dehydrogenase A, and pyruvate kinase M2) and the Wnt pathway-related proteins (β-catenin and c-Myc). Further investigation indicated that CFI knockdown inhibited glycolysis in CC by blocking the Wnt/β-catenin/c-Myc pathway.
CONCLUSION The findings of the present study demonstrate that CFI plays a crucial role in CC development by influencing glycolysis and the Wnt/β-catenin/c-Myc pathway, indicating that it could serve as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Du
- Department of Proctology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan-Mei Hou
- Department of Proctology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong-Bo Shi
- Department of Proctology, Zigong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
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Du YJ, Jiang Y, Hou YM, Shi YB. Complement factor I knockdown inhibits colon cancer development by affecting Wnt/β-catenin/c-Myc signaling pathway and glycolysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2646-2662. [PMID: 38994157 PMCID: PMC11236223 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer (CC) occurrence and progression are considerably influenced by the tumor microenvironment. However, the exact underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. AIM To investigate immune infiltration-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CC and specifically explored the role and potential molecular mechanisms of complement factor I (CFI). METHODS Immune infiltration-associated DEGs were screened for CC using bioinformatics. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to examine hub DEGs expression in the CC cell lines. Stable CFI-knockdown HT29 and HCT116 cell lines were constructed, and the diverse roles of CFI in vitro were assessed using CCK-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, wound healing, and transwell assays. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining were employed to evaluate the influence of CFI on the tumorigenesis of CC xenograft models constructed using BALB/c male nude mice. Key proteins associated with glycolysis and the Wnt pathway were measured using western blotting. RESULTS Six key immune infiltration-related DEGs were screened, among which the expression of CFI, complement factor B, lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1, and SRY-related high-mobility-group box 4 was upregulated, whereas that of fatty acid-binding protein 1, and bone morphogenic protein-2 was downregulated. Furthermore, CFI could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for CC. Functionally, CFI silencing inhibited CC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Mechanistically, CFI knockdown downregulated the expression of key glycolysis-related proteins (glucose transporter type 1, hexokinase 2, lactate dehydrogenase A, and pyruvate kinase M2) and the Wnt pathway-related proteins (β-catenin and c-Myc). Further investigation indicated that CFI knockdown inhibited glycolysis in CC by blocking the Wnt/β-catenin/c-Myc pathway. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study demonstrate that CFI plays a crucial role in CC development by influencing glycolysis and the Wnt/β-catenin/c-Myc pathway, indicating that it could serve as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Du
- Department of Proctology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan-Mei Hou
- Department of Proctology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong-Bo Shi
- Department of Proctology, Zigong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
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Zhao ZX, Li S, Liu LX. Thymoquinone affects hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in pancreatic cancer cells via HSP90 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2793-2816. [PMID: 38899332 PMCID: PMC11185293 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i21.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is associated with some of the worst prognoses of all major cancers. Thymoquinone (TQ) has a long history in traditional medical practice and is known for its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis and antioxidant pharmacological activities. Recent studies on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and PC have shown that HIF-1α affects the occurrence and development of PC in many aspects. In addition, TQ could inhibit the development of renal cancer by decreasing the expression of HIF-1α. Therefore, we speculate whether TQ affects HIF-1α expression in PC cells and explore the mechanism. AIM To elucidate the effect of TQ in PC cells and the regulatory mechanism of HIF-1α expression. METHODS Cell counting kit-8 assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the effects of TQ on the proliferative activity, migration and invasion ability and apoptosis of PANC-1 cells and normal pancreatic duct epithelial (hTERT-HPNE) cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were performed to detect the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein in PC cells. The effects of TQ on the HIF-1α protein initial expression pathway and ubiquitination degradation in PANC-1 cells were examined by western blot assay and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS TQ significantly inhibited proliferative activity, migration, and invasion ability and promoted apoptosis of PANC-1 cells; however, no significant effects on hTERT-HPNE cells were observed. TQ significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α in PANC-1, AsPC-1, and BxPC-3 cells. TQ significantly inhibited the expression of the HIF-1α initial expression pathway (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) related proteins, and promoted the ubiquitination degradation of the HIF-1α protein in PANC-1 cells. TQ had no effect on the hydroxylation and von Hippel Lindau protein mediated ubiquitination degradation of the HIF-1α protein but affected the stability of the HIF-1α protein by inhibiting the interaction between HIF-1α and HSP90, thus promoting its ubiquitination degradation. CONCLUSION The regulatory mechanism of TQ on HIF-1α protein expression in PC cells was mainly to promote the ubiquitination degradation of the HIF-1α protein by inhibiting the interaction between HIF-1α and HSP90; Secondly, TQ reduced the initial expression of HIF-1α protein by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Xue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Lin-Xun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810007, Qinghai Province, China
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Ye C, Sun Q, Yan J, Xue D, Xu J, Ma H, Li F. Development of fatty acid metabolism score based on gene signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in colon cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:630-643. [PMID: 37480430 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic reprogramming is a novel hallmark and therapeutic target of cancer. Our study aimed to establish fatty acid metabolism-associated scores based on gene signature and investigated its effects on immunotherapy in colon cancer. METHODS Gene expression and clinical information were collected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify a gene signature by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering and Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, we constructed the fatty acid metabolism score (FA-score) model by principal component analysis (PCA) and explored its relativity of prognosis and the response to immunotherapy in colon cancer. Finally, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was introduced and in vitro study was performed for verification. RESULTS The FA-score-high group had a higher level of fatty acid metabolism and was associated with worse patient overall survival. Significantly, FA-score correlated closely with the biomarkers of immunotherapy, and the FA-score-high group had a poorer therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ACSL5 may be a critical metabolic regulatory target. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided a comprehensive analysis of the heterogeneity of fatty acid metabolism in colon cancer. We highlighted the potential clinical utility of fatty acid metabolism-related genes to be biomarkers of colon cancer prognosis and targets to improve the effect of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Haiyun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fanni Li
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang X, Zhou L, Wang H, Chen W, Jiang L, Ming G, Wang J. Metabolic reprogramming, autophagy, and ferroptosis: Novel arsenals to overcome immunotherapy resistance in gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20573-20589. [PMID: 37860928 PMCID: PMC10660574 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal cancer poses a serious health threat owing to its high morbidity and mortality. Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have achieved meaningful success in most solid tumors, the improvement in survival in gastrointestinal cancers is modest, owing to sparse immune response and widespread resistance. Metabolic reprogramming, autophagy, and ferroptosis are key regulators of tumor progression. METHODS A literature review was conducted to investigate the role of the metabolic reprogramming, autophagy, and ferroptosis in immunotherapy resistance of gastrointestinal cancer. RESULTS Metabolic reprogramming, autophagy, and ferroptosis play pivotal roles in regulating the survival, differentiation, and function of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. These processes redefine the nutrient allocation blueprint between cancer cells and immune cells, facilitating tumor immune evasion, which critically impacts the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. Additionally, there exists profound crosstalk among metabolic reprogramming, autophagy, and ferroptosis. These interactions are paramount in anti-tumor immunity, further promoting the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and resistance to immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, it is imperative to conduct comprehensive research on the roles of metabolic reprogramming, autophagy, and ferroptosis in the resistance of gastrointestinal tumor immunotherapy. This understanding will illuminate the clinical potential of targeting these pathways and their regulatory mechanisms to overcome immunotherapy resistance in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Wang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Liwen Zhou
- Department of StomatologyThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Hongpeng Wang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Guangtao Ming
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Gu W, Wang R, Cai Z, Lin X, Zhang L, Chen R, Li R, Zhang W, Ji X, Shui G, Sun Q, Liu C. Hawthorn total flavonoids ameliorate ambient fine particulate matter-induced insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities of lipids in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114456. [PMID: 38321675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a strong correlation between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and diabetes risk, including abnormal lipid accumulation and systemic insulin resistance (IR). Hawthorn total flavonoids (HF) are the main groups of active substances in Hawthorn, which showed anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that HF may attenuate PM2.5-induced IR and abnormal lipid accumulation. Female C57BL/6 N mice were randomly assigned to the filtered air exposure (FA) group, concentrated PM2.5 exposure (PM) group, PM2.5 exposure maintained on a low-dose HF diet (LHF) group, and PM2.5 exposure maintained on a high-dose HF diet (HHF) group for an 8-week PM2.5 exposure using a whole-body exposure device. Body glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles in the liver and serum, and enzymes responsible for hepatic lipid metabolism were measured. We found that exposure to PM2.5 impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In addition, triacylglycerol (TAG) in serum elevated, whereas hepatic TAG levels were decreased after PM2.5 exposure, accompanied by inhibited fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in the liver. HF administration, on the other hand, balanced the hepatic TAG levels by increasing fatty acid uptake and decreasing lipid export, leading to alleviated systemic IR and hyperlipidemia in PM2.5-exposed mice. Therefore, HF administration may be an effective strategy to protect against PM2.5-induced IR and metabolic abnormalities of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Gu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Cai
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Lin
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuming Ji
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Aljabban J, Rohr M, Syed S, Cohen E, Hashi N, Syed S, Khorfan K, Aljabban H, Borkowski V, Segal M, Mukhtar M, Mohammed M, Boateng E, Nemer M, Panahiazar M, Hadley D, Jalil S, Mumtaz K. Dissecting novel mechanisms of hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma using meta-analysis of public data. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1856-1873. [PMID: 36187396 PMCID: PMC9516659 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interestingly, this process is not necessarily mediated through cirrhosis and may in fact involve oncogenic processes. Prior studies have suggested specific oncogenic gene expression pathways were affected by viral regulatory proteins. Thus, identifying these genes and associated pathways could highlight predictive factors for HCC transformation and has implications in early diagnosis and treatment.
AIM To elucidate HBV oncogenesis in HCC and identify potential therapeutic targets.
METHODS We employed our Search, Tag, Analyze, Resource platform to conduct a meta-analysis of public data from National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Gene Expression Omnibus. We performed meta-analysis consisting of 155 tumor samples compared against 185 adjacent non-tumor samples and analyzed results with ingenuity pathway analysis.
RESULTS Our analysis revealed liver X receptors/retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation and farnesoid X receptor/RXR activation as top canonical pathways amongst others. Top upstream regulators identified included the Ras family gene rab-like protein 6 (RABL6). The role of RABL6 in oncogenesis is beginning to unfold but its specific role in HBV-related HCC remains undefined. Our causal analysis suggests RABL6 mediates pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC through promotion of genes related to cell division, epigenetic regulation, and Akt signaling. We conducted survival analysis that demonstrated increased mortality with higher RABL6 expression. Additionally, homeobox A10 (HOXA10) was a top upstream regulator and was strongly upregulated in our analysis. HOXA10 has recently been demonstrated to contribute to HCC pathogenesis in vitro. Our causal analysis suggests an in vivo role through downregulation of tumor suppressors and other mechanisms.
CONCLUSION This meta-analysis describes possible roles of RABL6 and HOXA10 in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC. RABL6 and HOXA10 represent potential therapeutic targets and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Aljabban
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Michael Rohr
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Saad Syed
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Eli Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Naima Hashi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Sharjeel Syed
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Kamal Khorfan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Francisco-Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, United States
| | - Hisham Aljabban
- Department of Medicine, Barry University, Miami, FL 33161, United States
| | - Vincent Borkowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Michael Segal
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Mohamed Mukhtar
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI 49503, United States
| | - Mohammed Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Frankfort, IL 60423, United States
| | - Emmanuel Boateng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Mary Nemer
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Maryam Panahiazar
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Dexter Hadley
- Department of Pathology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Sajid Jalil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Khalid Mumtaz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Integrated Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Analysis of Gastric Cancer Identifies FABP1 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4761403. [PMID: 35799608 PMCID: PMC9256400 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4761403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is usually diagnosed in an advanced stage at the first visit due to the atypical clinical symptoms. The low surgical resection rate and chemotherapy sensitivity result in dismal survival. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity to accurately assess the prognosis of GC patients. In the present study, 3385 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the single-cell RNA sequencing data of GC specimens. Using the unsupervised dimensionality reduction, we further found 3 subsets of cells including gastric cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and memory T cells. Based on the cell clustering, we explored the key regulatory genes for GC progression by pseudo-time analysis and functional enrichment analysis. According to the results, the significant differentially expressed fatty acid-binding protein 1 (FABP1) verified by pseudo-time analysis was identified as the hub gene of GC progression. FABP1 was shown to be closely related to the long-term survival and the age at diagnosis of patients with GC in analysis based on the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. To further verify the role of FABP1 in GC, we performed immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis using the GC tissue microarray and found that the expression level of FABP1 was higher in GC tissues than in the adjacent tissues. Moreover, GC patients with higher expression of FABP1 had a worse clinical outcome. In summary, our study revealed that FABP1 is a potential effective biomarker for the prognosis of GC, and high expression of FABP1 predicts unsatisfactory survival.
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Basak S, Mallick R, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in metabolic diseases and cancers. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 132:143-174. [PMID: 36088074 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are multipurpose proteins that can modulate lipid fluxes, trafficking, signaling, and metabolism. FABPs regulate metabolic and inflammatory pathways, its inhibition can improve type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. In addition, FABPs are involved in obesity, metabolic disease, cardiac dysfunction, and cancers. FABPs are promising tissue biomarkers in solid tumors for diagnostic and/or prognostic targets for novel therapeutic strategies. The signaling responsive elements of FABPs and determinants of FABP-mediated functions may be exploited in preventing or treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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FABP1 expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 17,071 tumors. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:945-961. [PMID: 35951102 PMCID: PMC9734244 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) play a pivotal role in the metabolism of fatty acids and are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. FABP1 is most abundantly expressed in the liver where it accounts for about 10% of the total cytosolic protein and is thought to have diagnostic utility. To comprehensively determine FABP1 expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, a tissue microarray containing 17,071 samples from 150 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Among normal tissues, a strong FABP1 immunostaining was observed in hepatocytes, proximal tubuli of the kidney and epithelium of small intestine, appendix, and the colorectum. FABP1 positivity was found in 24 of 150 tumor categories, including 17 tumor categories with at least 1 strongly positive case. The highest FABP1 positivity rates were seen in colorectal adenomas (86%), in colorectal adenocarcinomas (71.1%), and in hepatocellular carcinomas (65.3%), followed by mucinous carcinoma of the ovary (34.6%), cholangiocarcinoma (21.6%), and various adenocarcinomas from the digestive tract (10-23%). Eleven additional entities had positivity rates between 0.2 and 6.5%. FABP1 staining was not seen in 169 primary adenocarcinomas of the lung. In colorectal cancer, reduced FABP1 expression was linked to poor-grade, right-sided tumor location, microsatellite instability (p < 0.0001 each), and absence of BRAF V600E mutations (p = 0.001), but unrelated to pT and pN status. FABP1 expression has considerably high tumor specificity. As FABP1 expression was virtually absent in adenocarcinomas of the lung, FABP1 immunohistochemistry might be particularly helpful to assist in the identification of metastatic colorectal or gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma to the lung.
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12
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Liu S, Ni C, Li Y, Yin H, Xing C, Yuan Y, Gong Y. The Involvement of TRIB3 and FABP1 and Their Potential Functions in the Dynamic Process of Gastric Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:790433. [PMID: 34957220 PMCID: PMC8696077 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.790433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysregulated expression of TRIB3 and FABP1 have been previously observed in human cancer tissues. However, there are little information as to their expression change in dynamic gastric diseases and the functional roles. Methods: Tissues from a total of 479 patients, including 89 GS, 102 IM-GA, 144 EGC, and 144 AGC were collected. The protein expressions of TRIB3 and FABP1 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, the potential functions of TRIB3 and FABP1 in GC were further analyzed by R software and some internet public databases, such as TCGA and DAVID. Results: During this multi-stage process that go through GS to EGC, the expression trend of TRIB3 and FABP1 protein was GS > IM-GA > EGC. Besides, the expression of TRIB3 protein continued to decrease in AGC, while the expression of FABP1 was abnormally increased. Hp infection was significantly associated with the decreased expression of TRIB3 and FABP1. In addition, the diagnostic efficiency of the combination of these two indicators to diagnose EGC was higher than that of a single indicator. Survival analysis showed that higher expression of TRIB3 or FABP1 could indicate a better prognosis of GC. The protein expressions of TRIB3 and FABP1 were significantly positively correlated. Moreover, CEACAM5 and PRAP1 were positively correlated with both TRIB3 and FABP1 expressions, while GABRP and THBS4 were negatively correlated. The macrophages M0 infiltration was positively correlated with both TRIB3 and FABP1 expressions. Conclusion: The protein expressions of TRIB3 and FABP1 gradually decreased with the gastric disease progress, and was positively correlated. Hp infection may reduce the protein expression of TRIB3 and FABP1. Combing TRIB3 and FABP1 expressions can improve the diagnostic efficiency for EGC. Either a high expression of TRIB3 or FABP1 indicates a better prognosis for GC. TRIB3 and FABP1 may interact with CEACAM5, PRAP1, GABRP and THBS4, and affect tumor immune microenvironment by regulating immune cells, and participate in the development and progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuxuan Ni
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yizhi Li
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Honghao Yin
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengzhong Xing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Wu P, Xiang T, Wang J, Lv R, Wu G. TYROBP is a potential prognostic biomarker of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2588-2604. [PMID: 33015999 PMCID: PMC7714062 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) exhibits high recurrence and metastasis rates. Although target therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of some patients with ccRCC, the median survival rate remains poor. Thus, there remains a need for the identification of novel potential targets for diagnosis and therapy. Here, we screened differentially expressed genes between ccRCC and normal tissues through analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We identified 55 up‐regulated and 67 down‐regulated genes associated with poor prognosis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that these genes were associated with glycometabolic process, complement and coagulation cascades. In addition, the eight down‐regulated genes (HRG, FABP1, ALDOB, PCK1, HAO2, CASR, PLG, and HMGCS2) and two up‐regulated genes (SERPINE1 and TYROBP) were filtered out. Finally, TYROBP was selected through repeated verification of various databases. High expression of TYROBP is associated with low survival rate in ccRCC, is closely related to immune cell infiltration and is coexpressed with Programmed cell death protein‐1(PD‐1) and Cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐4(CTLA‐4). In conclusion, TYROBP may have potential for diagnosis and treatment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Tingting Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Liguang Rehabilitation Hospital of Dalian Development Zone, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Run Lv
- Anesthesiology Department, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China
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14
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Cai L, Sun Y, Wang K, Guan W, Yue J, Li J, Wang R, Wang L. The Better Survival of MSI Subtype Is Associated With the Oxidative Stress Related Pathways in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1269. [PMID: 32850385 PMCID: PMC7399340 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading fatal cancer in the world and its incidence ranked second among all malignant tumors in China. The molecular classification of GC, proposed by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), was added to the updated edition (2019) of WHO classification for digestive system tumor. Although MSI and EBV subtypes appeared as ever-increasingly significant roles in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Methods: We systematically summarized the relationship between EBV, d-MMR/MSI-H subtypes and clinicopathological parameters in 271 GC cases. Furthermore, GSE62254/ACRG and TCGA-STAD datasets, originated from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and TCGA respectively, were analyzed to figure out the prognosis related molecular characteristics by bioinformatics methods. Results: Patients with MSI subtype had better prognosis than the MSS subtype (P = 0.013) and considered as an independent biomarker by the univariate analysis (P = 0.017) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.050). While there was no significant difference between EBV positive and negative tissues (P = 0.533). The positive prognostic value conferred by MSI in different cohorts was revalidated via the clinical analysis of GSE62254/ACRG and TCGA-STAD datasets regardless of race. Then key gene module that tightly associated with better status and longer OS time for MSI cases was obtained from weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA). NUBP2 and ENDOG were screened from the gene cluster and oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species(ROS) and glutathione metabolism were analyzed to be the differential pathways in their highly expressed groups. Conclusions: Our results manifested the significant prognostic value of MSI in Chinese GC cohort and comparisons with other populations. More opportunities to induce apoptosis of cancer cells, led by the unbalance between antioxidant system and ROS accumulation, lay foundations for unveiling the better prognosis in MSI phenotype through the bioinformatics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeqi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kezhou Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanqing Yue
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruifen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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PD-L1 in small bowel adenocarcinoma is associated with etiology and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, in addition to microsatellite instability. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1398-1409. [PMID: 32066859 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs) are often associated with poor prognosis and have limited therapeutic options. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway blockade is an effective treatment in many microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) solid tumors. We aimed at investigating PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in non-hereditary, non-ampullary SBAs, associated with celiac disease (CeD), Crohn's disease (CrD), or sporadic, recruited through the Small Bowel Cancer Italian Consortium. We assessed PD-L1 and PD-1 by immunohistochemistry in a series of 121 surgically resected SBAs, including 34 CeD-SBAs, 49 CrD-SBAs, and 38 sporadic SBAs. PD-L1 and PD-1 expression was correlated with several clinico-pathological features, such as the etiology, microsatellite instability status, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density. The prevalence of PD-L1 positivity according to combined positive score (CPS) was 26% in the whole cohort of SBAs, with significantly (p = 0.001) higher percentage (35%) in both CeD-SBAs and CrD-SBAs in comparison with sporadic SBAs (5%). CPS ≥ 1 SBAs were significantly (p = 0.013) more frequent in MSI-H cases (41%) than in non-MSI-H ones (18%); however, 15 CPS ≥ 1 microsatellite stable SBAs were also identified. CPS ≥ 1 SBAs showed higher TIL and PD-1+ immune cell density, more frequently medullary histotype, as well as a better outcome in comparison with CPS < 1 cases. This study demonstrates an increased proportion of PD-L1+ cases in both CeD-SBAs and CrD-SBAs in comparison with sporadic SBAs. In addition, the identification of a subset of PD-L1+ microsatellite stable SBAs supports the need to ascertain additional biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors along with MSI-H.
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