1
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Erich SA, Teske E. One Health: Therapies Targeting Genetic Variants in Human and Canine Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Sarcomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38867335 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The precise cause of HS/DCS is still unknown. The relatively low incidence in humans urges for an animal model with a high incidence to accelerate knowledge about genetics and optimal treatment of HS/DCS. Namely, until now, the therapies targeting genetic variants are still more experimental and sparsely used, while consensus is missing. In addition, the literature about variants and possible mutation-targeted therapies in humans and dogs consists mainly of case reports scattered throughout the literature. Therefore, an overview is provided of all currently known genetic variants in humans and dogs with HS/DCS and its subtypes, their possible mutation-targeted therapies, their efficacy, and a contemplation about the future. Several genetic variants have already been discovered in HS/DCS, of which many are shared between canine and human HS/DCS, but unique variants exist as well. Unfortunately, none of these already found variants seem to be specifically causal for HS/DCS, and the puzzle of its landscape of genetic variation is far from complete. The use of mutation-targeted therapies, including MAPK-/MEK-inhibitors and the future use of PTPN11-, CDK4/6- and PD-1-inhibitors, seems to be promising for these specific variants, but clearly, clinical trials are needed to determine optimal inhibitors and standardised protocols for all variants. It can be concluded that molecular analysis for variants and subsequent mutation-targeted therapy are an essential addition to cancer diagnostics and therapy. A joint effort of humans and dogs in research is urgently needed and will undoubtedly increase knowledge and survival of this devastating disease in dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Agnes Erich
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Teske
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Chai J, Choudhuri J, Gong JZ, Wang Y, Tian X. Upregulation of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) with Associated pERK Co-Expression and PRC2 Complex Protein SUZ12 Correlation in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:646. [PMID: 38339397 PMCID: PMC10854612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
EZH2, a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is an important methyltransferase that catalyzes the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). EZH2 is overexpressed in various malignancies. Here, we investigated EZH2 expression and potential signaling molecules that correlate with EZH2 expression in ATLL and other T-cell neoplasms. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was performed for EZH2, pERK, MYC, and pSTAT3 on 43 ATLL cases and 104 cases of other T-cell neoplasms. Further IHC studies were conducted for Ki-67, SUZ12, and H3K27me3 on ATLL cases. All ATLL cases showed EZH2 overexpression. In other T-cell neoplasms, a high prevalence of EZH2 overexpression was identified (86%), except for T-PLL (33%). In ATLL, EZH2 overexpression correlated with pERK co-expression (86%), while only a small subset of cases showed MYC (7%) or pSTAT3 (14%) co-expression. In the other T-cell neoplasms, there was a variable, but higher, co-expression of EZH2 with pERK, MYC, and pSTAT3. In ATLL, enhanced EZH2 expression correlated with higher Ki-67 staining, SUZ12 (another PRC2 subunit), and H3K27me3 co-expression. In conclusion, EZH2 is overexpressed in ATLL and is associated with pERK expression. It correlates with an increased proliferation index, indicating an aggressive clinical course. EZH2 also correlates with SUZ12 and H3K27me3 co-expression, suggesting its PRC2-dependent catalytic activity through trimethylation. Additionally, EZH2 is overexpressed in most T-cell neoplasms, suggesting that EZH2 could function as an oncogenic protein in T-cell tumorigenesis. EZH2 and pERK could serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating aggressive ATLL. EZH2 could also be targeted in other T-cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Chai
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA (Y.W.)
| | - Jui Choudhuri
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA (Y.W.)
| | - Jerald Z. Gong
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA (Y.W.)
| | - Xuejun Tian
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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3
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Minichino D, Lv K, Chu N, Tong W, Behrens EM. BRAF-V600E utilizes posttranscriptional mechanisms to amplify LPS-induced TNFα production in dendritic cells in a mouse model of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1089-1104. [PMID: 35648675 PMCID: PMC9939017 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0122-075rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory disease characterized by abnormal dendritic cells (DCs) with hyperactive ERK signaling, called "LCH cells." Since DCs rely on ERK signaling to produce inflammatory molecules in response to pathogenic cues, we hypothesized that hyperactive ERK enhances DCs inflammatory responses. We specifically investigated TLR4-induced TNFα production in LCH cells by utilizing the BRAF-V600Efl/+ :CD11c-Cre mouse model of LCH, which hyperactivates ERK in DCs. We measured LPS-induced TNFα production both in vivo and in vitro using splenic CD11c+ cells and bone marrow-derived DCs with or without pharmacologic BRAFV600E inhibition. We observed a reversible increase in secreted TNFα and a partially reversible increase in TNFα protein per cell, despite a decrease in TLR4 signaling and Tnfa transcripts compared with controls. We examined ERK-driven, posttranscriptional mechanisms that contribute to TNFα production and secretion using biochemical and cellular assays. We identified a reversible increase in TACE activation, the enzyme required for TNFα secretion, and most strikingly, an increase in protein translation, including TNFα. Defining the translatome through polysome-bound RNA sequencing revealed up-regulated translation of the LPS-response program. These data suggest hyperactive ERK signaling utilizes multiple posttranscriptional mechanisms to amplify inflammatory responses in DCs, advancing our understanding of LCH and basic DC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Minichino
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kaosheng Lv
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Niansheng Chu
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Xu WD, Huang Q, Huang AF. Emerging role of EZH2 in rheumatic diseases: A comprehensive review. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:1230-1238. [PMID: 35933601 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methylated enzyme. It trimethylates histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) to regulate epigenetic processes. Recently, studies showed excessive expression of EZH2 in rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and systemic sclerosis. Moreover, epigenetic modification of EZH2 regulates differentiation and proliferation of different immune cells. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively discuss the role of EZH2 in rheumatic diseases. Collection of the evidence may provide a basis for further understanding the role of EZH2 and give potential for targeting these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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5
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Pachva MC, Lai H, Jia A, Rouleau M, Sorensen PH. Extracellular Vesicles in Reprogramming of the Ewing Sarcoma Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:726205. [PMID: 34604225 PMCID: PMC8484747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a highly aggressive cancer and the second most common malignant bone tumor of children and young adults. Although patients with localized disease have a survival rate of approximately 75%, the prognosis for patients with metastatic disease remains dismal (<30%) and has not improved in decades. Standard-of-care treatments include local therapies such as surgery and radiotherapy, in addition to poly-agent adjuvant chemotherapy, and are often associated with long-term disability and reduced quality of life. Novel targeted therapeutic strategies that are more efficacious and less toxic are therefore desperately needed, particularly for metastatic disease, given that the presence of metastasis remains the most powerful predictor of poor outcome in EwS. Intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment is emerging as a crucial mechanism for cancer cells to establish immunosuppressive and cancer-permissive environments, potentially leading to metastasis. Altering this communication within the tumor microenvironment, thereby preventing the transfer of oncogenic signals and molecules, represents a highly promising therapeutic strategy. To achieve this, extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a candidate mechanism as they are actively released by tumor cells and enriched with proteins and RNAs. EVs are membrane-bound particles released by normal and tumor cells, that play pivotal roles in intercellular communication, including cross-talk between tumor, stromal fibroblast, and immune cells in the local tumor microenvironment and systemic circulation. EwS EVs, including the smaller exosomes and larger microvesicles, have the potential to reprogram a diversity of cells in the tumor microenvironment, by transferring various biomolecules in a cell-specific manner. Insights into the various biomolecules packed in EwS EVs as cargos and the molecular changes they trigger in recipient cells of the tumor microenvironment will shed light on various potential targets for therapeutic intervention in EwS. This review details EwS EVs composition, their potential role in metastasis and in the reprogramming of various cells of the tumor microenvironment, and the potential for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manideep C Pachva
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Horton Lai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andy Jia
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melanie Rouleau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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6
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Genco IS, Hackman K, Morrar D, Jin C, Santagada E, Hajiyeva S. The significance of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression in spindle cell lesions of the breast. Pathol Int 2021; 71:415-419. [PMID: 33730427 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Spindle cell lesions of the breast are rare entities and pose a diagnostic challenge for pathologists due to overlapping morphologic and immunohistochemical features. We evaluated EZH2 expression in various benign (fibromatosis (n = 8), myofibroblastoma (n = 7), neurofibroma (n = 1), nodular fasciitis (n = 5), benign phyllodes tumor (n = 18)) and malignant (malignant phyllodes tumor (n = 8), metaplastic breast carcinoma (n = 16) and angiosarcoma (n = 8)) spindle cell lesions as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic marker. The EZH2 expression was evaluated semi-quantitatively to categorize the cases as 'low' and 'high' expression. All benign lesions showed low EZH2 expression, whereas high EZH2 expression was observed in the majority (28/32; 88%) of malignant lesions. The study results suggest that EZH2 may be used both as an additional diagnostic tool to reach an accurate diagnosis of the spindle cell lesions of the breast and as a therapeutic target for the malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskender Sinan Genco
- Department of Pathology, Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kayla Hackman
- Department of Pathology, Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doaa Morrar
- Department of Pathology, Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cao Jin
- Department of Pathology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Eugene Santagada
- Department of Pathology, Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabina Hajiyeva
- Department of Pathology, Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Wang B, Gu Y, Yu H, Yang W, Ren X, Qian F, Zhao X, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Jin M, Zhu M. Inhibition of EZH2 ameliorates bacteria-induced liver injury by repressing RUNX1 in dendritic cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1024. [PMID: 33262329 PMCID: PMC7708645 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden and severe impairment in liver function. However, the precise mechanism of immune dysregulation that is significant to FHF pathogenesis remains unclear. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been implicated in inflammation as a regulator of immune cell function. In this study, we investigated the role of EZH2 in an animal model of human FHF induced by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We demonstrated that EZH2 depletion in dendritic cells (DCs) and pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 using GSK126 both significantly ameliorated liver injury and improved the survival rates of mice with P. acnes plus LPS-induced FHF, which could be attributed to the decreased infiltration and activation of CD4+ T cells in the liver, inhibition of T helper 1 cells and induction of regulatory T cells. The expression of EZH2 in DCs was increased after P. acnes administration, and EZH2 deficiency in DCs suppressed DC maturation and prevented DCs from efficiently stimulating CD4+ T-cell proliferation. Further mechanistic analyses indicated that EZH2 deficiency directly increased the expression of the transcription factor RUNX1 and thereby suppressed the immune functions of DCs. The functional dependence of EZH2 on RUNX1 was further illustrated in DC-specific Ezh2-deficient mice. Taken together, our findings establish that EZH2 exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of RUNX1 to regulate DC functions and that inhibition of EZH2 alleviates P. acnes plus LPS-induced FHF, probably by inhibiting DC-induced adaptive immune responses. These results highlight the effect of EZH2 on DCs, serving as a guide for the development of a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for FHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongshuang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlin Yang
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengtao Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Min Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Katsuragawa H, Yamada Y, Ishida Y, Kaku Y, Fujimoto M, Kataoka TR, Haga H. A case of Langerhans cell sarcoma on the scalp: Whole-exome sequencing reveals a role of ultraviolet in the pathogenesis. Pathol Int 2020; 70:881-887. [PMID: 33410565 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a high-grade neoplasm with overtly malignant cytological features and a Langerhans cell phenotype. The underlying genetic features are poorly understood, and only a few alterations, such as those of the MARK pathway-related genes, CDKN2A and TP53 have been reported. Here we present a 70-year-old male with LCS on the scalp and pulmonary metastasis. The multinodular tumor, 3.0 cm in diameter, consisted of diffusely proliferated pleomorphic cells with numerous mitoses (53/10 HPFs). Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CD1a, Langerin and PD-L1, and the Ki-67 labeling index was 50%. These pathological features were consistent with LCS, and were also observed in the metastatic tumor. Whole-exome sequencing revealed that both the primary and metastatic tumors harbored a large number of mutations (>20 mutations/megabase), with deletion of CDKN2A and TP53 mutation, and highlighted that the mutational signature was predominantly characteristic of ultraviolet (UV) exposure (W = 0.828). Our results suggest, for the first time, that DNA damage by UV could accumulate in Langerhans cells and play a role in the pathogenesis of LCS. The high mutational burden and PD-L1 expression in the tumor would provide a rationale for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of unresectable LCS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishida
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yo Kaku
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fujimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuki R Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Utility of Combined EZH2, p-ERK1/2, p-STAT, and MYC Expression in the Differential Diagnosis of EZH2-positive Hodgkin Lymphomas and Related Large B-Cell Lymphomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 43:102-109. [PMID: 30371509 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
EZH2 is a methyltransferase that plays an important tumorigenic role in various neoplasms. We previously found that EZH2 is expressed in a range of aggressive B-cell lymphomas (ABCLs), T-cell lymphomas, and histiocytic neoplasms, with differential expression of intracellular signaling molecules p-ERK, MYC, and p-STAT3, potential regulators of EZH2 expression. We studied EZH2 expression in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL), classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL), and B-cell Lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (BCLu-DLBCL/cHL), as well as the coexpression of p-ERK, MYC, and p-STAT3 in these neoplasms. The neoplastic LP cells of NLPHL and Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells of cHL were strongly positive for EZH2, as were the neoplastic cells in THRLBCL and BCLu-DLBCL/cHL. EZH2 expression correlated with proliferation rate, as assessed by Ki-67 staining. LP cells in NLPHL and Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells in cHL were strongly positive for p-ERK, p-STAT3, and MYC, as were the neoplastic cells in THRLBCL and BCLu-DLBCL/cHL, in contrast to the differential expression of these molecules seen in ABCLs. These findings suggest that combined expression of p-ERK, MYC, and p-STAT3 is a useful immunohistochemical pattern for the diagnosis of EZH2-positive Hodgkin lymphomas and related lymphomas, in contrast to ABCLs. Furthermore, the overexpression of EZH2, in association with coexpression of tumorigenic signaling molecules, suggests an oncogenic role for this molecule in the development of Hodgkin lymphomas and related lymphomas. THRLBCL and BCLu-DLBCL/cHL appear to have a mechanism for the regulation of EZH2 expression that is similar to NLPHL and cHL and different from that of ABCLs. In addition, EZH2 and associated signaling cascades may serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphomas and related lymphomas.
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10
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Baraban E, Sadigh S, Rosenbaum J, Van Arnam J, Bogusz AM, Mehr C, Bagg A. Cyclin D1 expression and novel mutational findings in Rosai-Dorfman disease. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:837-844. [PMID: 31172509 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an enigmatic histiocytic disorder classically diagnosed by a distinctive combination of pathological features: emperipolesis, or migration of intact haematological cells through the voluminous cytoplasm of lesional histiocytes, and expression of S100 by these histiocytes. The pathogenesis has long been elusive until the recent detection of recurrent and mutually exclusive mutations in several oncogenes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Based on these findings, we investigated a cohort of 21 RDD patients and found that the lesional histiocytes in 86% (18/21) of patients exhibited strong and diffuse nuclear Cyclin D1 expression, which not only may provide a diagnostic marker for this sometimes pathologically challenging disease, but also probably reflects constitutive MAPK pathway activation because we additionally identified phosphorylated-ERK expression in 90% (19/21) of cases. Further, we performed massively parallel sequencing on a subset (6/18) of the CyclinD1 positive cases, identifying several mutations that have not been previously reported in RDD. Taken together, our findings bolster the concept of RDD as a disease of MAPK activation in a substantial percentage of cases and enhance the current understanding of the pathogenesis of RDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Baraban
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sam Sadigh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Rosenbaum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Van Arnam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Agata M Bogusz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chelsea Mehr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Bagg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Kumamoto T, Aoki Y, Sonoda T, Yamanishi M, Arakawa A, Sugiyama M, Shirakawa N, Ishimaru S, Saito Y, Maeshima A, Maeda M, Ogawa C. A case of recurrent histiocytic sarcoma with MAP2K1 pathogenic variant treated with the MEK inhibitor trametinib. Int J Hematol 2018; 109:228-232. [PMID: 30361829 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma in advanced clinical stages is typically an aggressive neoplasm, with poor response to conventional chemotherapy. An 18-year-old male with refractory histiocytic sarcoma that had transformed from Rosai-Dorfman disease was admitted to our hospital. A pathogenic variant of MAP2K1 was detected by next-generation sequencing of tumor specimens. Affected regions showed excellent responses to the MEK inhibitor trametinib. It has been reported that RAS/MEK/ERK pathway is activated in many cases of histiocytic sarcoma. MEK inhibition may represent a useful treatment option in histiocytic sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kumamoto
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ki, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Yuki Aoki
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ki, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sonoda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ki, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Miho Yamanishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Arakawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ki, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masanaka Sugiyama
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ki, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Nami Shirakawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ki, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sae Ishimaru
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ki, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Maeshima
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chitose Ogawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ki, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Histiocytic cell neoplasms involving the bone marrow: summary of the workshop cases submitted to the 18th Meeting of the European Association for Haematopathology (EAHP) organized by the European Bone Marrow Working Group, Basel 2016. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:2117-2128. [PMID: 30084011 PMCID: PMC6182749 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow is a preferential site for both reactive and neoplastic histiocytic proliferations. The differential diagnosis ranges from reactive histiocyte hyperplasia in systemic infections, vaccinations, storage diseases, post myeloablative therapy, due to increased cell turnover, and in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, through extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease to neoplasms derived from histiocytes, including histiocytic sarcomas (HS), Langerhans cell histiocytoses (LCH), Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), and disseminated juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG). One of the most important recent developments in understanding the biology of histiocytic neoplasms and in contributing to diagnosis was the detection of recurrent mutations of genes of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, in particular the BRAFV600E mutation, in LCH and ECD. Here, we summarize clinical and pathological findings of 17 histiocytic neoplasms that were presented during the bone marrow symposium and workshop of the 18th European Association for Haematopathology (EAHP) meeting held in Basel, Switzerland, in 2016. A substantial proportion of these histiocytic neoplasms was combined with clonally related lymphoid (n = 2) or myeloid diseases (n = 5, all ECD). Based on the latter observation, we suggest excluding co-existent myeloid neoplasms at initial staging of elderly ECD patients. The recurrent nature of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway mutations in histiocytic neoplasms was confirmed in 6 of the 17 workshop cases, illustrating their diagnostic significance and suggesting apotential target for tailored treatments.
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