1
|
Fernández Á, Casamitjana J, Holguín-Horcajo A, Coolens K, Mularoni L, Guo L, Hartwig O, Düking T, Vidal N, Strickland LN, Pasquali L, Bailey-Lundberg JM, Rooman I, Wang YJ, Rovira M. A Single-Cell Atlas of the Murine Pancreatic Ductal Tree Identifies Novel Cell Populations With Potential Implications in Pancreas Regeneration and Exocrine Pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)05063-7. [PMID: 38908487 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ducts form an intricate network of tubules that secrete bicarbonate and drive acinar secretions into the duodenum. This network is formed by centroacinar cells; terminal, intercalated, intracalated ducts; and the main pancreatic duct. Ductal heterogeneity at the single-cell level has been poorly characterized; therefore, our understanding of the role of ductal cells in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis has been hampered by the limited knowledge and unexplained diversity within the ductal network. METHODS We used small conditional RNA sequencing to comprehensively characterize mouse ductal heterogeneity at single-cell resolution of the entire ductal epithelium from centroacinar cells to the main duct. Moreover, we used organoid cultures, injury models, and pancreatic tumor samples to interrogate the role of novel ductal populations in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis. RESULTS We have identified the coexistence of 15 ductal populations within the healthy pancreas and characterized their organoid formation capacity and endocrine differentiation potential. Cluster isolation and subsequent culturing let us identify ductal cell populations with high organoid formation capacity and endocrine and exocrine differentiation potential in vitro, including a Wnt-responsive population, a ciliated population, and FLRT3+ cells. Moreover, we have characterized the location of these novel ductal populations in healthy pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and tumor samples. The expression of WNT-responsive, interferon-responsive, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition population markers increases in chronic pancreatitis and tumor samples. CONCLUSIONS In light of our discovery of previously unidentified ductal populations, we unmask potential roles of specific ductal populations in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis. Thus, novel lineage-tracing models are needed to investigate ductal-specific populations in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Fernández
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P-CMR[C], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Casamitjana
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P-CMR[C], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Adrián Holguín-Horcajo
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P-CMR[C], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Katarina Coolens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Translational Oncology Research Center, Laboratory for Medical and Molecular Oncology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Loris Mularoni
- Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P-CMR[C], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Olga Hartwig
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Tim Düking
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Noemi Vidal
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lincoln N Strickland
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jennifer M Bailey-Lundberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ilse Rooman
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Translational Oncology Research Center, Laboratory for Medical and Molecular Oncology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yue J Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Meritxell Rovira
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P-CMR[C], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fernández Á, Casamitjana J, Holguín-Horcajo A, Coolens K, Mularoni L, Pasquali L, Bailey-Lundberg JM, Rooman I, Wang YJ, Rovira M. A single-cell atlas of the murine pancreatic ductal tree identifies novel cell populations with potential implications in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582044. [PMID: 38463969 PMCID: PMC10925197 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims Pancreatic ducts form an intricate network of tubules that secrete bicarbonate and drive acinar secretions into the duodenum. This network is formed by centroacinar cells, terminal, intercalated, intracalated ducts, and the main pancreatic duct. Ductal heterogeneity at the single-cell level has been poorly characterized; therefore, our understanding of the role of ductal cells in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis has been hampered by the limited knowledge and unexplained diversity within the ductal network. Methods We used scRNA-seq to comprehensively characterize mouse ductal heterogeneity at single-cell resolution of the entire ductal epithelium from centroacinar cells to the main duct. Moreover, we used organoid cultures, injury models and pancreatic tumor samples to interrogate the role of novel ductal populations in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis. Results We have identified the coexistence of 15 ductal populations within the healthy pancreas and characterized their organoid formation capacity and endocrine differentiation potential. Cluster isolation and subsequent culturing let us identify ductal cell populations with high organoid formation capacity and endocrine and exocrine differentiation potential in vitro , including Wnt-responsive-population, ciliated-population and FLRT3 + cells. Moreover, we have characterized the location of these novel ductal populations in healthy pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and tumor samples, highlighting a putative role of WNT-responsive, IFN-responsive and EMT-populations in pancreatic exocrine pathogenesis as their expression increases in chronic pancreatitis and PanIN lesions. Conclusions In light of our discovery of previously unidentified ductal populations, we unmask the potential roles of specific ductal populations in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohan S, Lafferty RA, Flatt PR, Moffett RC, Irwin N. Ac3IV, a V1a and V1b receptor selective vasopressin analogue, protects against hydrocortisone-induced changes in pancreatic islet cell lineage. Peptides 2022; 152:170772. [PMID: 35202749 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Avpr1a (V1a) and Avpr1b (V1b) receptor selective, vasopressin (AVP) analogue, Ac3IV has been shown to improve metabolism and pancreatic islet structure in diabetes and insulin resistance. The present study further investigates these actions by assessing the ability of Ac3IV to protect against pancreatic islet architectural disturbances induced by hydrocortisone (HC) treatment in transgenic Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26-eYFP mice, that possess beta-cell lineage tracing capabilities. HC intervention increased (p < 0.001) energy intake but reduced (p < 0.01) body weight gain, with no impact of Ac3IV. All HC mice had reduced (p < 0.05) circulating glucose, but plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations remained unchanged. However, HC mice presented with increased (p < 0.001) pancreatic insulin content, which was further augmented by Ac3IV. In addition, Ac3IV treatment countered HC-induced increases in islet-, beta- and alpha-cell areas (p < 0.01), as well as promoting islet number towards control levels. This was accompanied by reduced (p < 0.05) beta-cell growth, but enhanced (p < 0.001) alpha-cell proliferation. There were no changes in islet cell apoptotic rates in any of the groups of HC mice, but co-expression of CK19 with insulin in pancreatic ductal cells was reduced by Ac3IV. Assessment of beta-cell lineage revealed that Ac3IV partially protected against HC-mediated de-differentiation of mature beta-cells, whilst also decreasing (p < 0.01) beta- to alpha-cell transdifferentiation. Our data indicate that sustained activation of V1a and V1b receptors exerts positive islet cell transition effects to help retain beta-cell identity in HC mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Mohan
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ryan A Lafferty
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Wang LX, Zhang CY, Bai N, Feng C, Zhang ZM, Wang L, Gao ZZ. LncRNA CRNDE promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer via miR-423-5p/FSCN1 axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1477-1488. [PMID: 35166986 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer seriously threatens the health of women. LncRNA CRNDE is known to be upregulated in ovarian cancer. However, the mechanism by which CRNDE regulates the progress of ovarian cancer is largely unknown. MTT assay was applied to measure the cell viability. Colony formation assay was used to measure the cell proliferation. Cell migration was tested by wound healing, and Transwell assay was performed to detect cell invasion. In addition, the expression of miR-423-5p, CRNDE and FSCN1 were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Meanwhile, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were performed to explore the correlation between miR-423-5p and CRNDE (or FSCN1). CRNDE and FSCN1 were upregulated in ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3, CAOV-3, IGROV1, A2780 and C13K), while miR-423-5p was downregulated. Moreover, silencing of FSCN1/CRNDE significantly decreased proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3 and CI3K) via suppressing MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, CRNDE could sponge miR-423-5p, and FSCN1 was confirmed to be the direct target of miR-423-5p. Furthermore, CRNDE knockdown-induced inhibition of FSCN1 was notably reversed by miR-423-5p downregulation. Knockdown of CRNDE inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer via miR-423-5p/FSCN1 axis. Thus, CRNDE may serve a new target for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ling-Xiong Wang
- Institute of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhang
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Nan Bai
- The Medicine Clinical Research Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhuo-Mei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 69, Yongding Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 69, Yongding Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100039, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eurola A, Ristimäki A, Mustonen H, Nurmi AM, Hagström J, Kallio P, Alitalo K, Haglund C, Seppänen H. β-catenin plus PROX1 immunostaining stratifies disease progression and patient survival in neoadjuvant-treated pancreatic cancer. Tumour Biol 2022; 44:69-84. [PMID: 35786664 DOI: 10.3233/tub-211581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates the transcription factor PROX1. The role of β-catenin and PROX1 in pancreatic cancer is ambiguous, as some studies have associated their expression with tumor regression and some with tumor progression. OBJECTIVE We have investigated their expression in surgically treated pancreatic cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), and patients treated upfront with surgery (US). We furthermore compared the expression of β-catenin and PROX1 between patients who had a good or poor response to NAT. METHODS We evaluated β-catenin and PROX1 expression through immunohistochemistry in 88 neoadjuvant and 144 upfront surgery patients by scoring the intensity of the immunopositivity as 0-3, corresponding to negative, weak, moderate, or strong. We developed a six-tier grading scheme for the neoadjuvant responses by analyzing the remaining tumor cells in surgical specimen histological sections. RESULTS Strong β-catenin immunopositivity associated with improved survival in the patients with good NAT-response (≤10% residual tumor cells) (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.26 95%, confidence interval [CI] 0.07-0.88 p = 0.030). Additionally, the combined moderate β-catenin and PROX1 expression associated with improved survival (HR 0.20 95% CI 0.05-0-76 p = 0.018) among the good responders. Among the patients with a poor NAT-response (> 10% residual tumor cells), both strong β-catenin immunopositivity and strong combined β-catenin and PROX1 associated with shorter survival (HR 2.03 95% CI 1.16-3.55 p = 0.013, and HR 3.1 95% CI 1.08-8.94 p = 0.03, respectively). PROX1 alone was not associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS Strong β-catenin immunopositivity and combined strong or moderate β-catenin and PROX1 immunopositivity associated with improved survival among the good NAT-responders and worse survival among the poor NAT-responders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Eurola
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics (ATG), Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Mustonen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Nurmi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Kallio
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grimont A, Leach SD, Chandwani R. Uncertain Beginnings: Acinar and Ductal Cell Plasticity in the Development of Pancreatic Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:369-382. [PMID: 34352406 PMCID: PMC8688164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas consists of several specialized cell types that display a remarkable ability to alter cellular identity in injury, regeneration, and repair. The abundant cellular plasticity within the pancreas appears to be exploited in tumorigenesis, with metaplastic, dedifferentiation, and transdifferentiation processes central to the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary neoplasms, precursor lesions to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In the face of shifting cellular identity, the cell of origin of pancreatic cancer has been difficult to elucidate. However, with the extensive utilization of in vivo lineage-traced mouse models coupled with insights from human samples, it has emerged that the acinar cell is most efficiently able to give rise to both intraductal papillary neoplasms and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia but that acinar and ductal cells can undergo malignant transformation to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In this review, we discuss the cellular reprogramming that takes place in both the normal and malignant pancreas and evaluate the current state of evidence that implicate both the acinar and ductal cell as context-dependent origins of this deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Grimont
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Steven D. Leach
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Rohit Chandwani
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Rohit Chandwani, MD, PhD, Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10065. fax: (212) 746-8948.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Menz A, Bauer R, Kluth M, Marie von Bargen C, Gorbokon N, Viehweger F, Lennartz M, Völkl C, Fraune C, Uhlig R, Hube-Magg C, De Wispelaere N, Minner S, Sauter G, Kind S, Simon R, Burandt E, Clauditz T, Lebok P, Jacobsen F, Steurer S, Wilczak W, Krech T, Marx AH, Bernreuther C. Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cytokeratin 19 expression analysis in human tumors: a tissue microarray study of 13,172 tumors. Hum Pathol 2021; 115:19-36. [PMID: 34102222 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expression in normal and cancerous tissues, 15,977 samples from 122 tumor types and 608 samples of 76 normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In normal tissues, CK19 expression occurred in epithelial cells of most glandular organs but was strictly limited to the basal cell layer of nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium and absent in the skin. CK19 expression in ≥90% of cases was seen in 34% of the tumor entities including the adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (99.4%), colorectum (99.8%), esophagus (98.7%), and stomach (97.7%), as well as breast cancer (90.0%-100%), high-grade serous (99.1%) or endometrioid (97.8%) ovarian cancer, and urothelial carcinoma (92.6%-100%). A low CK19 positivity rate (0.1-10%) was seen in 5 of 122 tumor entities including hepatocellular carcinoma and seminoma. A comparison of tumor versus normal tissue findings demonstrated that upregulation and downregulation of CK19 can occur in cancer and that both alterations can be linked to unfavorable phenotypes. CK19 downregulation was linked to high grade (p = 0.0017) and loss of estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-expression (p < 0.0001 each) in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. CK19 upregulation was linked to nodal metastases in neuroendocrine tumors and papillary thyroid carcinomas (p < 0.05 each) and to poor grade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (p < 0.05). CK19 upregulation was particularly common in squamous cell carcinomas. We concluded that CK19 IHC might separate primary liver cell carcinoma from liver metastases, seminoma from other testicular tumors, and helps in the detection of early neoplastic transformation in squamous epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rifka Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clara Marie von Bargen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Völkl
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Noémi De Wispelaere
- Department and Clinic of Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, 90766 Fuerth Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ristic B, Kopel J, Sherazi SAA, Gupta S, Sachdeva S, Bansal P, Ali A, Perisetti A, Goyal H. Emerging Role of Fascin-1 in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112536. [PMID: 34064154 PMCID: PMC8196771 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers, remain as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a large proportion accounting for fatalities related to metastatic disease. The active involvement of fascin-1 in forming membrane protrusions crucial for cellular movement has been identified as an important molecular mechanism behind the phenotypic switch from the localized to the metastatic tumor. Thus, fascin-1 expression status in the malignant tissue has been utilized as an important component in determining the patient’s clinicopathological outcomes. In this review, we provide an up-to-date literature review of the role of fascin-1 in the initiation and metastatic progression of GI tract cancers, its involvement in patients’ clinical outcomes, and its potential as a therapeutic target. Abstract Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers, remain as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a large proportion accounting for fatalities related to metastatic disease. Invasion of primary cancer occurs by the actin cytoskeleton remodeling, including the formation of the filopodia, stereocilia, and other finger-like membrane protrusions. The crucial step of actin remodeling in the malignant cells is mediated by the fascin protein family, with fascin-1 being the most active. Fascin-1 is an actin-binding protein that cross-links filamentous actin into tightly packed parallel bundles, giving rise to finger-like cell protrusions, thus equipping the cell with the machinery necessary for adhesion, motility, and invasion. Thus, fascin-1 has been noted to be a key component for determining patient diagnosis and treatment plan. Indeed, the overexpression of fascin-1 in GI tract cancers has been associated with a poor clinical prognosis and metastatic progression. Moreover, fascin-1 has received attention as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic GI tract cancers. In this review, we provide an up-to-date literature review of the role of fascin-1 in the initiation of GI tract cancers, metastatic progression, and patients’ clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Ristic
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Jonathan Kopel
- Department of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Syed A. A. Sherazi
- Department of Medicine, John H Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, John H Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Sonali Sachdeva
- Department of Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Pardeep Bansal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mercy Health-St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43608, USA;
| | - Aman Ali
- Department of Medicine, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA 18510, USA;
| | - Abhilash Perisetti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Hemant Goyal
- The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benchmark of site- and structure-specific quantitative tissue N-glycoproteomics for discovery of potential N-glycoprotein markers: a case study of pancreatic cancer. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:213-231. [PMID: 33835347 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive tract that is difficult to diagnose and treat. It is more common in developed countries and has become one of the main causes of death in some countries and regions. Currently, pancreatic cancer generally has a poor prognosis, partly due to the lack of symptoms in the early stages of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, most cases are diagnosed at advanced stage. With the continuous in-depth research of glycoproteomics in precision medical diagnosis, there have been some reports on quantitative analysis of cancer-related cells, plasma or tissues to find specific biomarkers for targeted therapy. This research is based on the developed complete N-linked glycopeptide database search engine GPSeeker, combined with liquid-mass spectrometry and stable diethyl isotope labeling, providing a benchmark of site- and structure-specific quantitative tissue N-glycoproteomics for discovery of potential N-glycoprotein markers. With spectrum-level FDR ≤1%, 20,038 intact N-Glycopeptides corresponding to 4518 peptide backbones, 228 N-glycan monosaccharide compositions 1026 N-glycan putative structures, 4460 N-glycosites and 3437 intact N-glycoproteins were identified. With the criteria of ≥1.5-fold change and p value<0.05, 52 differentially expressed intact N-glycopeptides (DEGPs) were found in pancreatic cancer tussues relative to control, where 38 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated, respectively.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee JS, Lee H, Woo SM, Jang H, Jeon Y, Kim HY, Song J, Lee WJ, Hong EK, Park SJ, Han SS, Kim SY. Overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is doubled by Aldh7a1 deletion in the KPC mouse. Theranostics 2021; 11:3472-3488. [PMID: 33537098 PMCID: PMC7847681 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 7A1 (ALDH7A1), an enzyme that catalyzes the lipid peroxidation of fatty aldehydes was found to be upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). ALDH7A1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor formation in PDAC. We raised a question how ALDH7A1 contributes to cancer progression. Methods: To answer the question, the role of ALDH7A1 in energy metabolism was investigated by knocking down and knockdown gene in mouse model, because the role of ALDH7A1 has been reported as a catabolic enzyme catalyzing fatty aldehyde from lipid peroxidation to fatty acid. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation assay and immunoblotting were performed. In in vivo study, two human PDAC cell lines were used for pre-clinical xenograft model as well as spontaneous PDAC model of KPC mice was also employed for anti-cancer therapeutic effect. Results:ALDH7A1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor formation with reduction of OCR and ATP production, which was inversely correlated with increase of 4-hydroxynonenal. This implies that ALDH7A1 is critical to process fatty aldehydes from lipid peroxidation. Overall survival of PDAC is doubled by cross breeding of KPC (KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx1-Cre) and Aldh7a1-/- mice. Conclusion: Inhibitions of ALDH7A1 and oxidative phosphorylation using gossypol and phenformin resulted in a regression of tumor formation in xenograft mice model and KPC mice model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seon Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myung Woo
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeon
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Hong
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Park
- Department of Surgery, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Han
- Department of Surgery, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study of the Tumoral and Inflammatory Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:6148286. [PMID: 33062723 PMCID: PMC7542532 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6148286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating tumoral and inflammatory cells and the significance of the prognostic factors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); it is also aimed at determining the role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis and prognosis of this neoplasm. Materials and Methods. 230 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were included in the study group; these cases were selected from the archives of the Department of Pathology of the Fundeni Clinical Institute over a ten-year period. Immunohistochemistry was performed using the following antibodies: MUC 1, CD 34, Factor VIII, CD 68, MMP-7, CEA, p21, p53, and Ki 67. Results. There were 133 male (57.8%) and 97 female (42.2%) patients included in this study, with ages between 20 and 81 years old (mean age: 58.2 years) and with tumors located in the pancreatic head (n = 196; 85.2%), pancreatic body (n = 12; 5.2%), and pancreatic tail (n = 20, 8.7%), as well as panpancreatic tumors (n = 2; 0.9%). Patients presented with early stages (IA and IB), with low pathologic grade (G1), with small size tumors (less than 1-1.5 cm), with tumors located in the head of the pancreas, (p53: negative; p21: positive; and CD 68: positive in peritumoral tissue), with low nuclear index (Ki 67 < 10%), without metastases at the time of surgery (had a better prognosis), and with a survival rate of about 7 months. Conclusions. Immunohistochemistry is useful for an accurate diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and establishment of additional factors that might have a prognostic importance. It is recommended to study peritumoral tissue from the quantitative and qualitative points of view to increase the number of prognostic factors. This study represents a multidisciplinary approach, and it is a result of teamwork; it presents histopathological methods of examination of this severe illness and describes only a part of the scientific effort to determine the main pathological mechanisms of this neoplasm.
Collapse
|
12
|
Miyamura T, Sakamoto N, Ishida K, Kakugawa T, Taniguchi H, Akiyama Y, Okuno D, Hara A, Kido T, Ishimoto H, Miyazaki T, Matsumoto K, Tsuchiya T, Yamaguchi H, Miyazaki T, Obase Y, Ishimatsu Y, Nagayasu T, Mukae H. Presence of heat shock protein 47-positive fibroblasts in cancer stroma is associated with increased risk of postoperative recurrence in patients with lung cancer. Respir Res 2020; 21:234. [PMID: 32928242 PMCID: PMC7488681 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a collagen-binding protein, has a specific role in the intracellular processing of procollagen production. HSP47 expression is associated with cancer growth and metastasis in several types of cancers. However, none of the studies have assessed whether HSP47 expression is associated with the risk of postoperative recurrence of lung cancer until now. Therefore, we aimed to assess this association. Methods The study population consisted of a cohort of consecutive patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer at Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan, from January 2009 to December 2010. Patient characteristics, survival and disease-free survival (DFS), and laboratory findings were compared between patients who tested positive and negative for HSP47 expression in lung cancer cells and between those who showed high and low numbers of HSP47-positive fibroblasts in cancer stroma. Results A total of 133 patients underwent surgery for lung cancer. Sixty-seven patients (50.4%) had HSP47-positive cancer cells, and 91 patients (68.4%) had a higher number of HSP47-positive fibroblasts. The patients with a high number of HSP47-positive fibroblasts had a shorter DFS than those with a low number of HSP47-positive fibroblasts. Multivariate analysis identified only the presence of a high number of HSP47-positive fibroblasts as an independent risk factor for recurrence of lung cancer after surgery (odds ratio, 4.371; 95% confidence interval, 1.054–29.83; P = 0.042). Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the presence of a high number of HSP47-positive fibroblasts in the cancer stroma was a risk factor for recurrence of lung cancer after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Miyamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kaori Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 574-1191, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kakugawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.,Department of Pulmonology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Yoshiko Akiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsumoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Taiga Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Obase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8520, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu Q, Fan H, Lang R, Li X, Zhang X, Lv S, He Q. Overexpression of 14-3-3 σ Modulates Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Survival by PI3K/Akt Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3740418. [PMID: 32685476 PMCID: PMC7330627 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3740418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The protein 14-3-3σ is involved in numerous cellular processes through its ability to bind phosphorylated serine/threonine residues. It is a key regulator of the cell cycle involving in G2 arrest by p53. Deregulation of 14-3-3σ expression has been associated with a large variety of human cancers. However, its physiological function and therapeutic significance have rarely been investigated in cholangiocarcinoma. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we evaluated 14-3-3σ expression in 65 human extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. As a result, we found that 14-3-3σ is expressed in the tissue of 56 patients (86.2%), and its expression is positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and tumor stage. We also explored the significance of 14-3-3σ and found that 14-3-3σ exerts cell type-dependent effects on cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt signaling in both in vitro and in vivo xenograft models. These results suggest that 14-3-3σ assumes a constitutive role in tumorigenesis rather than acting as a cell cycle regulator in cholangiocarcinoma, which makes 14-3-3σ a new potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xingmao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shaocheng Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hong SM, Jung D, Kiemen A, Gaida MM, Yoshizawa T, Braxton AM, Noë M, Lionheart G, Oshima K, Thompson ED, Burkhart R, Wu PH, Wirtz D, Hruban RH, Wood LD. Three-dimensional visualization of cleared human pancreas cancer reveals that sustained epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is not required for venous invasion. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:639-647. [PMID: 31700162 PMCID: PMC10548439 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Venous invasion is three times more common in pancreatic cancer than it is in other major cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, and venous invasion may explain why pancreatic cancer is so deadly. To characterize the patterns of venous invasion in pancreatic cancer, 52 thick slabs (up to 5 mm) of tissue were harvested from 52 surgically resected human ductal adenocarcinomas, cleared with a modified iDISCO method, and labeled with fluorescent-conjugated antibodies to cytokeratin 19, desmin, CD31, p53 and/or e-cadherin. Labeled three-dimensional (3D) pancreas cancer tissues were visualized with confocal laser scanning or light sheet microscopy. Multiple foci of venous and even arterial invasion were visualized. Venous invasion was detected more often in 3D (88%, 30/34 cases) than in conventional 2D slide evaluation (75%, 25/34 cases, P < 0.001). 3D visualization revealed pancreatic cancer cells crossing the walls of veins at multiple points, often at points where preexisting capillary structures bridge the blood vessels. The neoplastic cells often retained a ductal morphology (cohesive cells forming tubes) as they progressed from a stromal to intravenous location. Although immunolabeling with antibodies to e-cadherin revealed focal loss of expression at the leading edges of the cancers, the neoplastic cells within veins expressed e-cadherin and formed well-oriented glands. We conclude that venous invasion is almost universal in pancreatic cancer, suggesting that even surgically resectable PDAC has access to the venous spaces and thus the ability to disseminate widely. Furthermore, we observe that sustained epithelial-mesenchymal transition is not required for venous invasion in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - DongJun Jung
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashley Kiemen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alicia M Braxton
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michaël Noë
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gemma Lionheart
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Burkhart
- Department of Surgery, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Misiura M, Zińczuk J, Zaręba K, Kamińska D, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Pryczynicz A. Actin-Bundling Proteins (Actinin-4 and Fascin-1) are Involved in the Development of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN). Am J Med Sci 2019; 359:147-155. [PMID: 31889512 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascin-1 and actinin-4 are involved in key processes of tumor cell adhesion, migration and metastasis. Actinin-4 plays an important role in promotion of cell proliferation, whereas fascin-1 regulates cellular motility. Its over-expression leads to the loss of cell adhesion and metastasis. The aim of our study was to assess fascin-1 and actinin-4 expression in normal pancreatic ducts and in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) - precursor lesion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 70 patients treated surgically due to PDAC, cysts and pancreatitis, who had also been diagnosed with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Fascin-1 and actinin-4 expressions were evaluated using the immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS A statistically significant relationship was observed between the expression of fascin-1 and actinin-4 (cytoplasmic) and patients' age (P = 0.01, P = 0.002, respectively). The expression of fascin-1 and actinin-4 was associated with the diagnosis (P <0.001, P = 0.04, respectively). Statistical analysis revealed correlations of fascin-1 and actinin-4 expressions with the presence and grade of PanIN (P < 0.001, P = 0.002, respectively). The expression of these proteins was observed in each degree of PanIN and increased with the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia progression. CONCLUSIONS The expression of fascin-1 and actinin-4 is connected with the degree of PanIN advancement and depends on the type of the primary disease. Overexpression of these proteins may be linked to cytological and architectural abnormalities observed in advanced PanIN. Elevated expression of fascin-1 and actinin-4 indicates the role of these proteins in the progression from PanIN to PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konrad Zaręba
- 2nd Clinical Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dorota Kamińska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Independent Public Health Care Unit of the Provincial Hospital Jędrzej Śniadecki in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McHugh KE, Stelow EB, Harrison GP, Policarpio‐Nicolas MLC. The usefulness of lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 and androgen receptor in diagnosing solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas on cytopathology. Cancer Cytopathol 2019; 127:700-707. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. McHugh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
| | - Edward B. Stelow
- Department of Pathology University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Grant P. Harrison
- Department of Pathology University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zalatnai A, Kis-Orha V. Solid-pseudopapillary Neoplasms of the Pancreas is still an Enigma: a Clinicopathological Review. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:641-649. [PMID: 31209654 PMCID: PMC7242268 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare but enigmatic entity occurring mainly in young women. Since the first description by V. Frantz in 1959 the terminology of this tumor has continuously changed but it has remained simply descriptive, because the exact histogenesis is still obscure. Although in majority of cases the survival is excellent, nevertheless, the expected prognosis is not exactly predictable. In this review the authors aim to summarize its clinico-pathological features, the expected biological behavior, the molecular alterations, the immune phenotype and discuss the putative histogenesis. From diagnostic point of view, the salient histological characteristic findings are analyzed that would help to differentiate it from other, look-alike pancreatic tumors, and suggestions are made about the desirable content of the histological report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Zalatnai
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Üllői út, Budapest, 26, Hungary.
| | - Viktória Kis-Orha
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Üllői út, Budapest, 26, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu D, Ansari D, Zhou Q, Sasor A, Said Hilmersson K, Andersson R. Stromal fibronectin expression in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:29. [PMID: 30736807 PMCID: PMC6368702 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an extremely dense stroma, which has a fundamental role in tumor progression. Fibronectin (FN1) is the main constituent of the tumor stroma in pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to explore the association between FN1 and clinicopathological characteristics and disease survival. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 138 patients with PDAC were constructed into a tissue microarray, followed by immunohistochemical analysis with a recombinant monoclonal FN1 antibody. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used for comparison of FN1 expression and relevant clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analyses were used to assess the association between FN1 and survival. RESULTS FN1 was detected in the stromal compartment in most cases (117/138, 84.8%). Compared to the low FN1 expression group, the high FN1 expression group had significantly larger tumor size (P = 0.002), more advanced T stage (P = 0.039) and N stage (P = 0.009), and also worse AJCC stage (P = 0.003). However, stromal FN1 expression was not associated with disease-free survival or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that high stromal FN1 expression is associated with aggressive tumor characteristics in patients with resected PDAC. However, no association between FN1 expression and survival was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Getingevägen 4, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Getingevägen 4, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Qimin Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Getingevägen 4, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agata Sasor
- Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Getingevägen 4, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Said Hilmersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Getingevägen 4, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Getingevägen 4, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Duarte BDP, Bonatto D. The heat shock protein 47 as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic agent in cancer research. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2319-2328. [PMID: 30128672 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is an important chaperone required for the correct folding and secretion of collagen. Several studies revealed that HSP47 has a role in numerous steps of collagen synthesis, preventing procollagen aggregation and inducing hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues. HSP47 is encoded by the SERPINH1 gene, which is located on chromosome 11q13.5, one of the most frequently amplified regions in human cancer. The altered expression levels of HSP47 have been correlated with several types of cancer, such as cervical, breast, pancreatic and gastric cancers. Studies have shown that HSP47 promotes tumor angiogenesis, growth, migration and metastatic capacity. In this review, we highlight the fundamental aspects of the interaction between HSP47 and collagen and the recent discoveries of the role of this chaperone in different types of malignant neoplasias. We also discuss recent treatments using HSP47 as a therapeutic target, and present evidences that HSP47 is an essential protein for cancer biology and a potential molecular target for chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dal Pont Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43421, Sala 107, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91509-900, Brazil.
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43421, Sala 107, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91509-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang Y, Xie J, Wang B, Mu Y, Liu P. TFE3 is a diagnostic marker for solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas. Hum Pathol 2018; 81:166-175. [PMID: 30030118 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant Wnt signaling is a hallmark of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) of the pancreas. Transcription factor E3 (TFE3) plays a critical role in activation and regulation of the Wnt pathway and is predicted to be a candidate gene implicated in SPN by gene regulatory network analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate TFE3 as a marker for SPN. Paraffin-embedded tissues of SPN (n = 75) and other primary pancreatic tumors were analyzed, including pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (n = 17), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (n = 14), pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (n = 4), and acinar cell carcinomas (n = 3). The clinicopathological features were summarized as well. Differentiation of specific pancreatic duct or acinus was not found in any SPN tissue. Morphologic and immunohistochemical results indicated that SPN displays certain characteristics of neuroendocrine cells. Overall, 71 (94.67%) cases of SPN showed nuclear accumulation for TFE3, most of which displayed moderate to intense expression. The TFE3 positive rates in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma were 23.53%, 14.29%, and 25%, respectively. All 3 cases of acinar cell carcinoma were negative for TFE3. We conclude that SPN may originate from primordial pancreatic cells and is accompanied by some characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors. TFE3, besides β-catenin, can be an additional diagnostic marker of SPN in differential diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yina Jiang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yudong Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang Y, Han X, Wu H, Zhou Y. Bioinformatics analysis of transcription profiling of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627654 PMCID: PMC5562055 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a low-grade malignant neoplasm that accounts for ~5% of cystic pancreatic tumors and ~0.9–2.7% of exocrine pancreatic tumors. The transcription profiling data (GSE43795) of 14 SPN and 6 control samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Using the Limma package, Student's t-tests were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SPN and control samples [with the following criterion: False discovery rate (FDR)<0.01 and log2 fold-change (FC)≥3]. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the biological processes that the DEGs were involved in. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and sub-network analyses were conducted to comprehensively understand the interactions between DEGs. The screened DEGs were further annotated according to information relating to transcription factors and tumor associated genes (TAGs). A total of 710 upregulated and 710 downregulated DEGs were observed, including 74 transcriptional factors and 124 TAGs. Membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were also identified as key TAGs. Following PPI network analysis, hub nodes of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proto-oncogene tyrosine protein kinase Fyn (FYN), c-JUN (JUN), glucagon (GCG), c-Myc (MYC) and CD44 were identified, the majority of which participate in the epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling pathways. A sub-network involving 70 gene nodes was also identified, with EGFR as the central gene. MME, MMP-2 and MMP-9 contribute to proliferative diabetic retinopathy and also involved in SPN. The genes EGFR, FYN, JUN, GCG, MYC and CD44 may therefore be key genes in SPN, and the ErbB and GnRH signaling pathways may be an important contributor to SPN progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zhang
- Department of Digestion, Xin Chang People's Hospital, Pancreatic Disease Research Center of Shanghai, Xinchang, Zhejiang 312500, P.R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University of China, Pancreatic Disease Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai 214000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University of China, Pancreatic Disease Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai 214000, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Digestive Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Pancreatic Disease Research Center of Shanghai, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer represents the seventh leading cause of cancer death in the world, responsible for more than 300,000 deaths per year. The most common tumor type among pancreatic cancers is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, an infiltrating neoplasm with glandular differentiation that is derived from pancreatic ductal tree. Here we present and discuss the most important macroscopic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of this tumor, highlighting its key diagnostic features. Furthermore, we present the classic features of the most common variants of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Last, we summarize the prognostic landscape of this highly malignant tumor and its variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Piazzale Scuro, 10, Verona 37134, Italy; ARC-Net Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Piazzale Scuro, 10, Verona 37134, Italy; Surgical Pathology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie D'oro, Trento 38122, Italy.
| | - Paola Capelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Piazzale Scuro, 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Piazzale Scuro, 10, Verona 37134, Italy; ARC-Net Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Piazzale Scuro, 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pramanik KC, Fofaria NM, Gupta P, Ranjan A, Kim SH, Srivastava SK. Inhibition of β-catenin signaling suppresses pancreatic tumor growth by disrupting nuclear β-catenin/TCF-1 complex: critical role of STAT-3. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11561-74. [PMID: 25869100 PMCID: PMC4484476 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of β-catenin/TCF signaling is related to the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of capsaicin on β-catenin/TCF signaling. In a concentration and time-dependent study, we observed that capsaicin treatment inhibits the activation of dishevelled (Dsh) protein DvI-1 in L3.6PL, PanC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. Capsaicin treatment induced GSK-3β by inhibiting its phosphorylation and further activated APC and Axin multicomplex, leading to the proteasomal degradation of β-catenin. Expression of TCF-1 and β-catenin-responsive proteins, c-Myc and cyclin D1 also decreased in response to capsaicin treatment. Pre-treatment of cells with MG-132 blocked capsaicin-mediated proteasomal degradation of β-catenin. To establish the involvement of β-catenin in capsaicin-induced apoptosis, cells were treated with LiCl or SB415286, inhibitors of GSK-3β. Our results reveal that capsaicin treatment suppressed LiCl or SB415286-mediated activation of β-catenin signaling. Our results further showed that capsaicin blocked nuclear translocation of β-catenin, TCF-1 and p-STAT-3 (Tyr705). The immunoprecipitation results indicated that capsaicin treatment reduced the interaction of β-catenin and TCF-1 in the nucleus. Moreover, capsaicin treatment significantly decreased the phosphorylation of STAT-3 at Tyr705. Interestingly, STAT-3 over expression or STAT-3 activation by IL-6, significantly increased the levels of β-catenin and attenuated the effects of capsaicin in inhibiting β-catenin signaling. Finally, capsaicin mediated inhibition of orthotopic tumor growth was associated with inhibition of β-catenin/TCF-1 signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that capsaicin-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells was associated with inhibition of β-catenin signaling due to the dissociation of β-catenin/TCF-1 complex and the process was orchestrated by STAT-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kartick C Pramanik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Neel M Fofaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Parul Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kyunghee University, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul 131-701, South Korea
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.,Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kyunghee University, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul 131-701, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bertram S, Padden J, Kälsch J, Ahrens M, Pott L, Canbay A, Weber F, Fingas C, Hoffmann AC, Vietor A, Schlaak JF, Eisenacher M, Reis H, Sitek B, Baba HA. Novel immunohistochemical markers differentiate intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from benign bile duct lesions. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:619-26. [PMID: 26729014 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The distinction between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and benign bile duct lesions can be challenging. Using our previously identified potential biomarkers for ICC, we examined whether these are useful for the differential diagnosis of ICC, bile duct adenoma and reactive bile duct proliferations in an immunohistochemical approach and identified a diagnostic marker panel including known biomarkers. METHODS Subjects included samples from 77 patients with ICC, 33 patients with bile duct adenoma and 47 patients with ductular reactions in liver cirrhosis. Our previously identified biomarkers (stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), SerpinH1, 14-3-3Sigma) were tested immunohistochemically following comparison with candidates from the literature (cluster of differentiation 56, heat shock protein (HSP)27, HSP70, B-cell-lymphoma2, p53, ki67). RESULTS The expression of SerpinH1 and 14-3-3Sigma was significantly higher in ICC than in bile duct adenomas and ductular reactions (p<0.05), whereas STIP1 expression was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ICC than in ductular reactions, but the difference to the bile duct adenoma group was not significant. A panel of the biomarker SerpinH1, 14-3-3Sigma and ki67 (≥2 marker positive) showed a high diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 87.8%, specificity 95.9%, accuracy 91.8%) in the differential diagnosis of ICC versus non-malignant bile duct lesions. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that 14-3-3Sigma and SerpinH1 may be useful in the differential diagnosis of malignant, benign and reactive bile duct lesions in addition to ki67 where a cut-off of >5% might be used for the distinction of malignant and non-malignant lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bertram
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Juliet Padden
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Kälsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maike Ahrens
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leona Pott
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Weber
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Fingas
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hoffmann
- West German Cancer Center Essen, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antonie Vietor
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joerg F Schlaak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed proteins among various stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by shotgun proteomics using nano-liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry and stable isotope dimethyl labeling. METHODS Differentially expressed proteins were identified and compared based on the mass spectral differences of their isotope-labeled peptide fragments generated from protease digestion. RESULTS Our quantitative proteomic analysis of the differentially expressed proteins with stable isotope (deuterium/hydrogen ratio, ≥ 2) identified a total of 353 proteins, with at least 5 protein biomarker proteins that were significantly differentially expressed between cancer and normal mice by at least a 2-fold alteration. These 5 protein biomarker candidates include α-enolase, α-catenin, 14-3-3 β, VDAC1, and calmodulin with high confidence levels. The expression levels were also found to be in agreement with those examined by Western blot and histochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS The systematic decrease or increase of these identified marker proteins may potentially reflect the morphological aberrations and diseased stages of pancreas carcinoma throughout progressive developments leading to PDAC. The results would form a firm foundation for future work concerning validation and clinical translation of some identified biomarkers into targeted diagnosis and therapy for various stages of PDAC.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ohe R, Aung NY, Meng H, Kabasawa T, Suto A, Tamazawa N, Yang S, Kato T, Yamakawa M. Localization of collagen modifying enzymes on fibroblastic reticular cells and follicular dendritic cells in non-neoplastic and neoplastic lymphoid tissues. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:1687-96. [PMID: 26700650 PMCID: PMC4926777 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1107907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the localization of collagen modifying enzymes (CMEs) on fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in non-neoplastic lymphoid tissues and various malignant lymphomas. The expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase 1 (P4H1), lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3), and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was frequently observed on FRCs and FDCs in the germinal center (GC), except for the mantle zone. The expression of CMEs was lower in most lymphomas than in their respective postulated normal counterparts. The ratio of transglutaminase II+ FRCs/CD35+ FDCs was also lower in follicular lymphomas (FL) than in other lymphomas. The mRNAs of some CMEs (P4H1, prolyl 4-hydroxylase 3, LH3, and heat shock protein 47) were confirmed in almost all lymphomas. These results indicate that lymphoma cell proliferation suppresses/decreases the number of CMEs expressing FRCs and FDCs in most lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Ohe
- a Department of Pathological Diagnostics , Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Naing Ye Aung
- a Department of Pathological Diagnostics , Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Hongxue Meng
- a Department of Pathological Diagnostics , Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Takanobu Kabasawa
- a Department of Pathological Diagnostics , Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Aya Suto
- a Department of Pathological Diagnostics , Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamazawa
- a Department of Pathological Diagnostics , Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Suran Yang
- a Department of Pathological Diagnostics , Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Tomoya Kato
- a Department of Pathological Diagnostics , Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata , Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yamakawa
- a Department of Pathological Diagnostics , Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fokas E, O'Neill E, Gordon-Weeks A, Mukherjee S, McKenna WG, Muschel RJ. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: From genetics to biology to radiobiology to oncoimmunology and all the way back to the clinic. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1855:61-82. [PMID: 25489989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Despite improvements in the clinical management, the prognosis of PDAC remains dismal. In the present comprehensive review, we will examine the knowledge of PDAC genetics and the new insights into human genome sequencing and clonal evolution. Additionally, the biology and the role of the stroma in tumour progression and response to treatment will be presented. Furthermore, we will describe the evidence on tumour chemoresistance and radioresistance and will provide an overview on the recent advances in PDAC metabolism and circulating tumour cells. Next, we will explore the characteristics and merits of the different mouse models of PDAC. The inflammatory milieu and the immunosuppressive microenvironment mediate tumour initiation and treatment failure. Hence, we will also review the inflammatory and immune escaping mechanisms and the new immunotherapies tested in PDAC. A better understanding of the different mechanisms of tumour formation and progression will help us to identify the best targets for testing in future clinical studies of PDAC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Inflammation/pathology
- Mice
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/immunology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Radiation Tolerance/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Fokas
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Alex Gordon-Weeks
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - W Gillies McKenna
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin F, Chen ZE, Wang HL. Utility of immunohistochemistry in the pancreatobiliary tract. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:24-38. [PMID: 25549142 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0072-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Immunohistochemistry has become a useful ancillary study in the identification and classification of pancreatic neoplasms. The diagnostic accuracy has been significantly improved because of the continuous discoveries of tumor-associated biomarkers and the development of effective immunohistochemical panels. OBJECTIVES To identify and classify pancreatic neoplasms by immunohistochemistry. DATA SOURCES Literature review and authors' research data and personal practice experience were used. CONCLUSIONS To better guide therapeutic decisions and predict the prognostic outcome, it is crucial to make an accurate diagnosis of a pancreatic neoplasm. Application of appropriate immunohistochemical panels enables pathologists to differentiate pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas from reactive conditions and to identify rare types of pancreatic neoplasms. Knowing the utilities and pitfalls of each tumor-associated biomarker is essential to avoiding a potential diagnostic error because an absolutely cancer-specific biomarker does not exist. This article reviews frequently used tumor-associated biomarkers, provides lists of effective immunohistochemical panels, and recommends a diagnostic algorithm as a standard approach to pancreatic neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania (Drs Lin and Chen); and the Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles (Dr Wang)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shen Y, Wang Z, Zhu J, Chen Y, Gu W, Liu Q. α-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (P504S) is a useful marker for the differential diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas. Ann Diagn Pathol 2014; 18:146-50. [PMID: 24675392 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) from some other nonductal pancreatic tumors may be difficult because of similarities in morphological features. Therefore, immunohistochemical staining is frequently necessary. α-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is a diagnostically useful marker for prostatic cancer and papillary renal cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate AMACR as a new immunohistochemical marker to differentiate SPNs from other nonductal pancreatic tumors. We investigated immunohistochemical staining for AMACR in 26 SPNs, 21 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and 7 acinar cell carcinomas. All cases of SPN showed granular cytoplasmic expression of AMACR, whereas all cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and acinar cell carcinomas were negative for this immunohistochemical marker. Hence, our findings demonstrate for the first time that AMACR is a useful immunohistochemical marker for the differential diagnosis of SPNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Shen
- Department of Pathology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhaoliang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jianshan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wanqing Gu
- Department of Pathology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sarkar S, Mandal C, Sangwan R, Mandal C. Coupling G2/M arrest to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway restrains pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:113-25. [PMID: 24402132 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
β-catenin plays a pivotal role in organogenesis and oncogenesis. Alterations in β-catenin expression are common in pancreatic cancer, which is an extremely aggressive malignancy with a notably poor prognosis. In this report, we analyzed the apoptotic activity of withanolide-D (witha-D), a steroidal lactone that was purified from an Indian medicinal plant, Withania somnifera, and its underlying mechanism of action. Witha-D induced apoptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells by prompting cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. This lactone abrogated β-catenin signaling in these cells regardless of disease grade, mutational status, and gemcitabine sensitivity. Witha-D also upregulated E-cadherin in most cells, thereby supporting the inversion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, the Akt/Gsk3β kinase cascade was identified as a critical mediator of G2/M regulation and β-catenin signaling. Witha-D deactivated Akt, which failed to promote Gsk3β deactivation phosphorylation. Consequently, activated Gsk3β facilitated β-catenin destruction in pancreatic carcinoma cells. The knockdown of Chk1 and Chk2 further activated Akt and reversed the molecular signal. Taken together, the results of the current study represent the first evidence of β-catenin signal crosstalk during the G2/M phase by functionally inactivating Akt via witha-D treatment in pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, this finding suggests the potential identification of a new lead molecule in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Sarkar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India Bio-Processing Unit, Department of Bio-Technology, Govt. of India, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang X, Guo Z, Liu Y, Si T, Yu H, Li B, Tian W. Prostate stem cell antigen and cancer risk, mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:31-37. [PMID: 24308679 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.845372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) was originally identified as a tumor antigen in prostate cancer. Recent studies indicated that PSCA was correlated with many cancer types. In this review, we will consider the origin of PSCA, discuss the expression of PSCA in normal and cancer tissue, describe PSCA polymorphisms and cancer risk, summarize potential mechanisms for PSCA involvement in cancer; and look into the therapeutic implications of PSCA. PSCA is upregulated in prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer and bladder cancer, as well as a number of others, making it an ideal clinical target for both diagnosis and therapy. Future studies will be required to explore its mechanisms on various cancer types, and to confirm its clinical utility for diagnosis and immunotherapy strategies. The study of PSCA regulation and expression may also provide information on normal prostate development and prostate carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bellizzi AM. Contributions of molecular analysis to the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasms. Semin Diagn Pathol 2013; 30:329-61. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
33
|
Clinicopathologic study of 62 acinar cell carcinomas of the pancreas: insights into the morphology and immunophenotype and search for prognostic markers. Am J Surg Pathol 2013; 36:1782-95. [PMID: 23026929 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e318263209d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) of the pancreas is a very rare tumor that has various morphologic features, which may give rise to diagnostic difficulties. Because of its rarity, many clinicopathologic characteristics remain to be further elucidated, and prognostic factors are yet to be well established. With the aim of better characterizing this carcinoma and searching for prognostic indicators, we collected 62 ACCs and investigated the following parameters: site, size, local infiltration, node and distant metastases, architectural pattern, nuclear atypia, presence of necrosis, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, proliferation, BCL10, trypsin, carboxyl ester lipase, amylase, lipase, PDX1, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), CK7, p53, and β-catenin expression. Twelve cases showing >30% of endocrine cells were reclassified as mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinomas, whereas 1 tumor was reclassified as a mixed ductal-acinar carcinoma and was excluded from the statistical prognostic evaluations. BCL10 and trypsin were the most reliable immunohistochemical markers, whereas amylase and lipase were not. Surgery was statistically correlated with a better prognosis (P=0.0008). Among resected tumors there was no difference in survival between ACCs and mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinomas, and factors that significantly correlated with poor prognosis were size >6.5 cm (P=0.004), lymph node (P=0.0039) and distant (P=0.008) metastases, and UICC stage (P=0.009). Stage was the only independent prognostic factor at multivariable analysis, and the best prognostic discrimination was observed on grouping together stages I and II and grouping together stages III and IV, suggesting a simplification of the UICC staging for such cancers. In addition, vascular and perineural invasion and CK19 and p53 expression showed a trend for poor prognosis, not reaching statistical significance.
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu H, Shi J, Anandan V, Wang HL, Diehl D, Blansfield J, Gerhard G, Lin F. Reevaluation and identification of the best immunohistochemical panel (pVHL, Maspin, S100P, IMP-3) for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2012; 136:601-9. [PMID: 22646265 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0326-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Differentiation of ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas from nonneoplastic pancreatic tissues can be challenging, especially in small biopsy and fine-needle aspiration specimens. OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of 26 immunohistochemical markers (CAM 5.2, CK [cytokeratin] 7, CK20, CK17, CK19, MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6, p53, DPC4/SMAD4, CDX2, pVHL [von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene protein], S100P, IMP-3 [insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA binding protein 3], maspin, mesothelin, claudin 4, claudin 18, annexin A8, fascin, PSCA [prostate stem cell antigen], MOC31, CEA [carcinoembryonic antigen], and CA19-9 [cancer antigen 19-9]) in the diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. DESIGN Immunohistochemical staining for these markers was performed in 60 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma on routine and tissue microarray sections. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for maspin, S100P, IMP-3, and pVHL was performed on cell blocks from 67 pancreatic fine-needle aspiration cases, including 44 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. RESULTS The results demonstrated that (1) more than 90% of cases of ductal adenocarcinoma were positive for maspin, S100P, and IMP-3; (2) nearly all adenocarcinoma cases were negative for pVHL, whereas nonneoplastic ducts and acini were positive for pVHL in all cases; (3) normal/reactive pancreatic ducts were frequently positive for CK7, CK19, MUC1, MUC6, CA19-9, MOC31, PSCA, mesothelin, annexin A8, claudin 4, and claudin 18; (4) normal pancreatic ducts were usually negative for IMP-3, maspin, S100P, CK17, MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5AC; (5) 60% of adenocarcinomas were negative for DPC4/SMAD4; and (6) strong background staining was frequently seen with fascin, PSCA, and annexin A8. CONCLUSIONS pVHL, maspin, S100P, and IMP-3 constitute the best diagnostic panel of immunomarkers for confirming the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in both surgical and fine-needle aspiration specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, 100 N Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
White BD, Chien AJ, Dawson DW. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastrointestinal cancers. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:219-32. [PMID: 22155636 PMCID: PMC3285553 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling is widely implicated in numerous malignancies, including cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Dysregulation of signaling is traditionally attributed to mutations in Axin, adenomatous polyposis coli, and β-catenin that lead to constitutive hyperactivation of the pathway. However, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is also modulated through various other mechanisms in cancer, including cross talk with other altered signaling pathways. A more complex view of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its role in gastrointestinal cancers is now emerging as divergent phenotypic outcomes are found to be dictated by temporospatial context and relative levels of pathway activation. This review summarizes the dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with particular emphasis on the latter two. We conclude by addressing some of the major challenges faced in attempting to target the pathway in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D. White
- Science and Technology Program University of Washington Bothell Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Andy J. Chien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David W. Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hong SM, Li A, Olino K, Wolfgang CL, Herman JM, Schulick RD, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Hruban RH, Goggins M. Loss of E-cadherin expression and outcome among patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:1237-47. [PMID: 21552209 PMCID: PMC3155013 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Only a minority of patients who undergo surgical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are cured. Since patient outcome is not reliably predicted using pathological factors (tumor stage, differentiation, and resection margin status) alone, markers of tumor behavior are needed. One candidate predictor of pancreatic cancer outcome is E-cadherin status. CDH1 is a tumor suppressor gene encoding an important cell adhesion molecule (E-cadherin). The aim of this study was to determine if, among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, loss of E-cadherin expression was an independent predictor of poor outcome. We examined patterns of loss of E-cadherin by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays of 329 surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. E-cadherin expression was then correlated with outcome. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling were used to assess the mortality risk. One hundred forty-one pancreatic adenocarcinomas (43%) had partial or complete loss of E-cadherin expression within the analyzed tissue cores. In most instances (134 cases, 41%), this loss was partial. Patients whose pancreatic adenocarcinomas had either complete loss (n=7; median survival, 5.5 months) or partial loss (n=134; 12.7 months) of E-cadherin expression had significantly worse median survival than those with uniformly intact E-cadherin expression (n=188; 18.5 months) by univariate (P=0.002) and multivariate (P=0.006) analyses. In subgroup analysis, patients with poorly differentiated cancers had a worse prognosis if their cancers had partial loss of E-cadherin expression (P=0.02). Among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, partial loss of tumoral E-cadherin expression is an independent predictor of poor outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly Olino
- Department of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher L. Wolfgang
- Department of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph M. Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard D. Schulick
- Department of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
A lethally irradiated allogeneic granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor-secreting tumor vaccine for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A Phase II trial of safety, efficacy, and immune activation. Ann Surg 2011; 253:328-35. [PMID: 21217520 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e3181fd271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical resection provides the only possibility of cure for pancreas cancer. A standard adjuvant approach has not been established. We tested the safety and efficacy of a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-based immunotherapy administered in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single institution phase II study of 60 patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma was performed. Each immunotherapy treatment consisted of a total of 5 × 108 GM-CSF-secreting cells distributed equally among 3 lymph node regions. The first immunotherapy treatment was administered 8 to 10 weeks after surgical resection. Subsequently, patients received 5-FU based chemoradiation. Patients who remained disease-free after completion of chemoradiotherapy received treatments 2 to 4, each 1 month apart. A fifth and final booster was administered 6 months after the fourth immunotherapy. The primary endpoint was disease free survival and secondary endpoints were overall survival and toxicity, and the induction of mesothelin specific T cell responses. RESULTS The median disease-free survival is 17.3 months (95% CI, 14.6-22.8) with median survival of 24.8 months (95% CI, 21.2-31.6). The administration of immunotherapy was well tolerated. In addition, the post-immunotherapy induction of mesothelin-specific CD8+ T cells in HLA-A1+ and HLA-A2+patients correlates with disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS An immunotherapy approach integrated with chemoradiation is safe and demonstrates an overall survival that compares favorably with published data for resected pancreas cancer. These data suggest additional boost immunotherapies given at regular intervals beyond 1 year postsurgery should be tested in future studies, and provide the rationale for conducting a multicenter phase II study.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lutz E, Yeo CJ, Lillemoe KD, Biedrzycki B, Kobrin B, Herman J, Sugar E, Piantadosi S, Cameron JL, Solt S, Onners B, Tartakovsky I, Choi M, Sharma R, Illei PB, Hruban RH, Abrams RA, Le D, Jaffee E, Laheru D. A lethally irradiated allogeneic granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor-secreting tumor vaccine for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A Phase II trial of safety, efficacy, and immune activation. Ann Surg 2011. [PMID: 21217520 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e3181fd271c.a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical resection provides the only possibility of cure for pancreas cancer. A standard adjuvant approach has not been established. We tested the safety and efficacy of a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-based immunotherapy administered in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single institution phase II study of 60 patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma was performed. Each immunotherapy treatment consisted of a total of 5 × 108 GM-CSF-secreting cells distributed equally among 3 lymph node regions. The first immunotherapy treatment was administered 8 to 10 weeks after surgical resection. Subsequently, patients received 5-FU based chemoradiation. Patients who remained disease-free after completion of chemoradiotherapy received treatments 2 to 4, each 1 month apart. A fifth and final booster was administered 6 months after the fourth immunotherapy. The primary endpoint was disease free survival and secondary endpoints were overall survival and toxicity, and the induction of mesothelin specific T cell responses. RESULTS The median disease-free survival is 17.3 months (95% CI, 14.6-22.8) with median survival of 24.8 months (95% CI, 21.2-31.6). The administration of immunotherapy was well tolerated. In addition, the post-immunotherapy induction of mesothelin-specific CD8+ T cells in HLA-A1+ and HLA-A2+patients correlates with disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS An immunotherapy approach integrated with chemoradiation is safe and demonstrates an overall survival that compares favorably with published data for resected pancreas cancer. These data suggest additional boost immunotherapies given at regular intervals beyond 1 year postsurgery should be tested in future studies, and provide the rationale for conducting a multicenter phase II study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lutz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas with prominent ductal differentiation: Mixed acinar ductal carcinoma and mixed acinar endocrine ductal carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2010; 34:510-8. [PMID: 20182344 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181cfcac7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas (ACCs) are clinically and pathologically distinct from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAs). Whereas endocrine differentiation has been well shown in ACCs, significant ductal components are rare. This paper reviews the clinicopathologic features of a series of ACCs with prominent ductal differentiation. DESIGN Cases of pancreatic ACCs with significant ductal differentiation were identified in the surgical pathology databases of 2 academic centers. Patient clinical information, gross and histologic features, and histochemical and immunohistochemical (IHC) results were recorded. Cases were tested for KRAS2 mutations. RESULTS Eleven cases were identified (10 men and 1 woman; age range 52 to 79 y). Four patients presented with jaundice. At last follow-up, 7 patients died of disease and 2 others had recurrences. Tumors measured between 2 and 5.5 cm and were ill-defined, nodular, and multilobulated. Ten were located in the head of the pancreas. All but 2 exhibited extrapancreatic invasion. All cases showed significant evidence of both acinar and ductal differentiation, estimated to be at least 25% of the neoplastic cells, and 3 cases in addition had endocrine differentiation in more than 25% of cells. Five cases were predominately acinar with intracellular and sometimes extracellular mucin ("mucinous acinar cell carcinoma" pattern). Six cases seemed more mixed with areas recapitulating typical PDAs whereas the other portions of the tumors seemed akin to typical acinar cell carcinomas ("combined acinar and ductal" pattern). IHC positive staining results were as: trypsin (92%), chymotrypsin (92%), monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (100%), CK19 (100%), B72.3 (73%), CA19.9 (73%), CD56 (18%), synaptophysin (36%), and chromogranin (36%). One case showed p53 over-expression aznd none showed DPC4/Smad4 loss. Two cases had KRAS2 mutations. CONCLUSION Despite the early embryologic divergence of acinar and ductal cell lineages, rare pancreatic tumors have both acinar and ductal differentiation, usually predominantly the former. The clinical course is highly aggressive.
Collapse
|
40
|
Chakhachiro ZI, Zaatari G. Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm: a pancreatic enigma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 133:1989-93. [PMID: 19961258 DOI: 10.5858/133.12.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a relatively uncommon tumor. It typically affects young women, has nonspecific clinical and radiologic manifestations, and can be readily diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and histopathologic evaluation. Histologic features characteristically show loosely cohesive, relatively uniform polygonal cells surrounding delicate capillary-sized blood vessels. Other features include cytoplasmic vacuolization, finely stippled chromatin, nuclear grooving, eosinophilic hyaline globules, and degenerative changes. Almost all solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms harbor mutations in the beta-catenin gene. They stain with beta-catenin, CD10, and focally with neuroendocrine markers. Although previously considered benign, this tumor is currently considered a low-grade malignant epithelial neoplasm with low metastatic rate and high overall survival. Most patients are cured by complete surgical excision. Despite the characterization of the morphologic and molecular features of this enigmatic neoplasm, more work is needed to uncover its cell of origin and true histogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaher I Chakhachiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Actinin-4 is an actin-bundling protein that probably has a tumor-promoting potential in several solid tumors. The present study analyzed the expression of actinin-4 in the pancreas, in localized and metastasized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and the correlation with clinical outcome. METHODS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue from 38 patients, 15 lymph node and 10 liver metastases, normal pancreas, and 4 PDAC cell lines, were examined by immunohistochemistry, and actinin-4 expression was quantified by immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS In the normal pancreas, actinin-4 was most prominently expressed in ductal cells. In PDAC, tumor cells exhibited strong but differential cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for actinin-4. A multivariate analysis revealed actinin-4 immunoreactivity, advanced age, and undifferentiated grade as significant prognostic factors associated with worse survival after PDAC resection. Cells metastasized to lymph nodes or to the liver exhibited no significant increase of actinin-4 compared with the primary tumors. A nuclear staining was observed neither in any of the PDAC samples nor in the 4 cell lines. In PDAC cells, actinin-4 localized to dynamic actin structures and to invadopodia. CONCLUSIONS Actinin-4 expression levels significantly correlate with worse survival after PDAC resection. Although actinin-4 has been reported to promote lymph node metastases, there was no enhanced expression in PDAC metastases.
Collapse
|
42
|
Fascin expression in serous tumors of ovary correlates with aggressiveness of malignancy. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2009; 28:187-92. [PMID: 19188814 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e318183cfde] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian serous tumors make up about one-fourth of all ovarian tumors. There is a spectrum of proliferation and cellular atypia in these tumors with benign serous cystadenoma, borderline tumors, and low grade or type I serous carcinoma at the lower end and type II or high-grade serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma at the higher end. Fascin is a globular actin cross-linking protein involved in cell motility that has been shown to be upregulated in many human neoplasms and associated with the aggressiveness of malignancy. The aim of this study was to investigate fascin expression in serous tumors of ovary and to evaluate its relationship with the aggressiveness of tumor. Sections from a total of 66 serous tumors of ovary were collected including 26 serous carcinomas, 20 borderline serous tumors, and 20 benign serous cystadenomas. Ten benign ovaries with inclusion cysts were used as controls. Sections were immunostained with fascin. Fascin expression was significantly increased in borderline (13/20, 65%) and malignant serous tumors (22/26, 84%) compared with benign serous cystadenoma (0/20) (P<0.001). There was increased quantitative expression of fascin in carcinoma compared with borderline tumors (diffuse versus patchy). Fascin expression also correlated well with the tumor grade in serous carcinoma cases with 8/12 (66%) of grade I/II tumors staining positive compared with all 14 (100%) of grade III tumors showing fascin expression (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that upregulation of fascin plays a role in increasing aggressiveness of serous ovarian tumors and could potentially be a molecular therapeutic target and a prognostic marker.
Collapse
|
43
|
Dewald GW, Smyrk TC, Thorland EC, McWilliams RR, Van Dyke DL, Keefe JG, Belongie KJ, Smoley SA, Knutson DL, Fink SR, Wiktor AE, Petersen GM. Fluorescence in situ hybridization to visualize genetic abnormalities in interphase cells of acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, and islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Mayo Clin Proc 2009; 84:801-10. [PMID: 19720778 PMCID: PMC2735430 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-6196(11)60490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to visualize genetic abnormalities in interphase cell nuclei (interphase FISH) of acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, and islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between April 4, 2007, and December 4, 2008, interphase FISH was used to study paraffin-embedded preparations of tissue obtained from 18 patients listed in the Mayo Clinic Biospecimen Resource for Pancreas Research with a confirmed diagnosis of acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, islet cell carcinoma, or pancreas without evidence of neoplasia. FISH probes were used for chromosome loci of APC (see glossary at end of article for expansion of all gene symbols), BRCA2, CTNNB1, EGFR, ERBB2, CDKN2A, TP53, TYMP, and TYMS. These FISH probes were used with control probes to distinguish among various kinds of chromosome abnormalities of number and structure. RESULTS FISH abnormalities were observed in 12 (80%) of 15 patients with pancreatic cancer: 5 of 5 patients with acinar cell carcinoma, 5 of 5 patients with ductal adenocarcinoma, and 2 (40%) of 5 patients with islet cell carcinoma. All 3 specimens of pancreatic tissue without neoplasia had normal FISH results. Gains of CTNNB1 due to trisomy 3 occurred in each tumor with acinar cell carcinoma but in none of the other tumors in this study. FISH abnormalities of all other cancer genes studied were observed in all forms of pancreatic tumors in this investigation. CONCLUSION FISH abnormalities of CTNNB1 due to trisomy 3 were observed only in acinar cell carcinoma. FISH abnormalities of genes implicated in familial cancer, tumor progression, and the 5-fluorouracil pathway were common but were not associated with specific types of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Dewald
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dewald GW, Smyrk TC, Thorland EC, McWilliams RR, Van Dyke DL, Keefe JG, Belongie KJ, Smoley SA, Knutson DL, Fink SR, Wiktor AE, Petersen GM. Fluorescence in situ hybridization to visualize genetic abnormalities in interphase cells of acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, and islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Mayo Clin Proc 2009; 84:801-10. [PMID: 19720778 PMCID: PMC2735430 DOI: 10.4065/84.9.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to visualize genetic abnormalities in interphase cell nuclei (interphase FISH) of acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, and islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between April 4, 2007, and December 4, 2008, interphase FISH was used to study paraffin-embedded preparations of tissue obtained from 18 patients listed in the Mayo Clinic Biospecimen Resource for Pancreas Research with a confirmed diagnosis of acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, islet cell carcinoma, or pancreas without evidence of neoplasia. FISH probes were used for chromosome loci of APC (see glossary at end of article for expansion of all gene symbols), BRCA2, CTNNB1, EGFR, ERBB2, CDKN2A, TP53, TYMP, and TYMS. These FISH probes were used with control probes to distinguish among various kinds of chromosome abnormalities of number and structure. RESULTS FISH abnormalities were observed in 12 (80%) of 15 patients with pancreatic cancer: 5 of 5 patients with acinar cell carcinoma, 5 of 5 patients with ductal adenocarcinoma, and 2 (40%) of 5 patients with islet cell carcinoma. All 3 specimens of pancreatic tissue without neoplasia had normal FISH results. Gains of CTNNB1 due to trisomy 3 occurred in each tumor with acinar cell carcinoma but in none of the other tumors in this study. FISH abnormalities of all other cancer genes studied were observed in all forms of pancreatic tumors in this investigation. CONCLUSION FISH abnormalities of CTNNB1 due to trisomy 3 were observed only in acinar cell carcinoma. FISH abnormalities of genes implicated in familial cancer, tumor progression, and the 5-fluorouracil pathway were common but were not associated with specific types of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Dewald
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chi LM, Lee CW, Chang KP, Hao SP, Lee HM, Liang Y, Hsueh C, Yu CJ, Lee IN, Chang YJ, Lee SY, Yeh YM, Chang YS, Chien KY, Yu JS. Enhanced interferon signaling pathway in oral cancer revealed by quantitative proteome analysis of microdissected specimens using 16O/18O labeling and integrated two-dimensional LC-ESI-MALDI tandem MS. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1453-74. [PMID: 19297561 PMCID: PMC2709179 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800460-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide, and the mortality rate of this disease has increased in recent years. No molecular markers are available to assist with the early detection and therapeutic evaluation of OSCC; thus, identification of differentially expressed proteins may assist with the detection of potential disease markers and shed light on the molecular mechanisms of OSCC pathogenesis. We performed a multidimensional (16)O/(18)O proteomics analysis using an integrated ESI-ion trap and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS system and a computational data analysis pipeline to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in microdissected OSCC tumor cells relative to adjacent non-tumor epithelia. We identified 1233 unique proteins in microdissected oral squamous epithelia obtained from three pairs of OSCC specimens with a false discovery rate of <3%. Among these, 977 proteins were quantified between tumor and non-tumor cells. Our data revealed 80 dysregulated proteins (53 up-regulated and 27 down-regulated) when a 2.5-fold change was used as the threshold. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analyses were performed to confirm the overexpression of 12 up-regulated proteins in OSCC tissues. When the biological roles of 80 differentially expressed proteins were assessed via MetaCore analysis, the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway emerged as one of the most significantly altered pathways in OSCC. As many as 20% (10 of 53) of the up-regulated proteins belonged to the IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) family, including ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP)/ISG15. Using head-and-neck cancer tissue microarrays, we determined that UCRP is overexpressed in the majority of cheek and tongue cancers and in several cases of larynx cancer. In addition, we found that IFN-beta stimulates UCRP expression in oral cancer cells and enhances their motility in vitro. Our findings shed new light on OSCC pathogenesis and provide a basis for the future development of novel biomarkers.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Databases, Protein
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interferons/metabolism
- Male
- Microdissection
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mouth Neoplasms/chemistry
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Oxygen Isotopes/metabolism
- Proteome/analysis
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
- Tissue Array Analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lang-Ming Chi
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- Departments of §Medical Research and Development
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Liang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ‖Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - I-Neng Lee
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
| | | | | | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University and
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University and
| | - Kun-Yi Chien
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Expression pattern of claudins 5 and 7 distinguishes solid-pseudopapillary from pancreatoblastoma, acinar cell and endocrine tumors of the pancreas. Am J Surg Pathol 2009; 33:768-74. [PMID: 19194274 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181957bc4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solid-pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is characterized by a discohesive appearance of the neoplastic cells. This has been linked to the displacement of E-cadherin and beta-catenin from their normal membrane location, which prevents adherens junctions to form. The nuclear localization of beta-catenin is also a feature of SPT that helps in differential diagnosis. This latter includes pancreatic endocrine tumor (PET) as SPT may show neuroendocrine differentiation, and pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) and pancreatoblastoma (PB) that may often show nuclear beta-catenin staining. However, the role of additional cell-cell adhesion systems remains to be elucidated in SPT, particularly that of claudins that are essential components of tight junctions showing modulated expression in diverse tumor types. We studied 20 SPT, 20 nonfunctioning PET, 7 ACC, 2 PB, and their matched normal pancreas for the immunohistochemical expression of claudin family members 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7, beta-catenin and E-cadherin. All SPT showed intense membrane claudin 5 and cytoplasmic claudin 2 staining, lack of claudins 3 and 4, and positive cytoplasmic claudins 1 and 7 in few cases. Conversely, PET, ACC, and PB showed strong membrane expression of claudin 7 and lack of claudin 5, whereas claudins 1, 2, 3, and 4 showed variable expression among samples. All SPT showed nuclear beta-catenin and lack of E-cadherin membrane staining, whereas PET, ACC, and PB only showed nuclear beta-catenin in 1, 2, and 2 cases, respectively. SPT shows a peculiar claudin expression profile and the highly specific pattern of claudins 5 and 7 differentiates SPT from PET, ACC, and PB.
Collapse
|
47
|
Antonello D, Gobbo S, Corbo V, Sipos B, Lemoine NR, Scarpa A. Update on the molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic tumors other than common ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2008; 9:25-33. [PMID: 19077452 DOI: 10.1159/000178872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common and well known pancreatic tumor type, other distinct epithelial neoplasms affecting the pancreas that show different symptoms, biological behaviors and outcomes are becoming more frequently recognized and documented. Pancreatic epithelial tumors may be separated into ductal and nonductal neoplasms. The former group includes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor, mucinous cystic tumor and serous cystic tumor. The latter group includes pancreatic endocrine tumor, pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma and solid-pseudopapillary tumor. The aim of this review is to summarize recently acquired knowledge regarding the molecular characterization of these uncommon pancreatic epithelial neoplasms. RECENT FINDINGS Molecular studies of uncommon pancreatic epithelial tumors suggest that the different morphological entities are associated with distinct molecular profiles, highlighting the involvement of different molecular pathways leading to the development of each subtype of pancreatic neoplasm. CONCLUSION The correct classification of rare pancreatic epithelial tumors and the identification of their characteristic molecular aspects is the fundamental starting point in identifying novel diagnostic molecular tools and new targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Antonello
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Oppegard LM, Ougolkov AV, Luchini DN, Schoon RA, Goodell JR, Kaur H, Billadeau DD, Ferguson DM, Hiasa H. Novel acridine-based compounds that exhibit an anti-pancreatic cancer activity are catalytic inhibitors of human topoisomerase II. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 602:223-9. [PMID: 19071108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a small library of novel substituted 9-aminoacridine derivatives that inhibit cell proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis [Goodell, J.R. et al., 2008. J. Med. Chem. 51, 179-182.]. To further investigate their antiproliferative activities, we have assessed the antiproliferative activity of these acridine-based compounds against several pancreatic cancer cell lines. All four compounds used in this study inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. In addition, we have employed a xenograft tumor model and found that these compounds also inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer in vivo. In light of the potential importance of the anticancer activity of these acridine-based compounds, we have conducted a series of biochemical assays to determine the effect of these compounds on human topoisomerase II. Unlike amsacrine, these compounds do not poison topoisomerase II. Similar to amsacrine, however, these compounds intercalate into DNA in a way that they would alter the apparent topology of the DNA substrate. Thus, inhibition of the relaxation activity of topoisomerase II by these compounds has been reexamined using a DNA strand passage assay. We have found that these compounds, indeed, inhibit the catalytic activity of topoisomerase II. Thus, these novel acridine-based compounds with anti-pancreatic cancer activity are catalytic inhibitors, not poisons, of human topoisomerase II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Oppegard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Agarwal B, Ludwig OJ, Collins BT, Cortese C. Immunostaining as an adjunct to cytology for diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6:1425-31. [PMID: 19081530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Serial analysis of gene expression has helped identify several proteins that are expressed differentially in pancreatic cancer and are highly sensitive and specific for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We evaluated if the diagnostic accuracy of pancreatic cancer from endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-fine-needle aspiration (FNA) can be improved by combined evaluation of cytology and immunostaining with these markers. METHODS This study involved the use of archived specimens from patients treated at Saint Louis University Hospital from 2002 to 2006. We identified 5 protein markers that appeared most promising from published literature. We sequentially evaluated immunostaining with these markers in (1) surgical resection specimens, (2) cell blocks from EUS-FNA, and (3) direct smears of EUS-FN aspirates. Finally, we performed a combined evaluation of cytology and immunostaining in direct smears that were difficult to interpret and required a second consultative cytologic opinion. RESULTS In resection specimens, the majority of pancreatic adenocarcinomas expressed all 5 markers but fascin, maspin, and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 also were expressed abnormally in normal pancreata and in chronic pancreatitis. Further evaluation therefore was limited to the other 2 markers: mesothelin and 14-3-3sigma. It was feasible and useful to perform immunostaining in cell blocks and direct smear for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. In cases requiring a second cytologic consultation, a combined evaluation of cytologic morphology and immunostaining had 90% accuracy for a pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, immunostaining with newer protein markers is feasible in EUS-FNA specimens and can assist cytopathologists in diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Among the currently available protein immunomarkers, a combination of mesothelin and 14-3-3sigma seems most promising, but needs to be validated in prospective studies before routine clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banke Agarwal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Heiser PW, Cano DA, Landsman L, Kim GE, Kench JG, Klimstra DS, Taketo MM, Biankin AV, Hebrok M. Stabilization of beta-catenin induces pancreas tumor formation. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:1288-300. [PMID: 18725219 PMCID: PMC2613004 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS beta-Catenin signaling within the canonical Wnt pathway is essential for pancreas development. However, the pathway is normally down-regulated in the adult organ. Increased cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of beta-catenin can be detected in nearly all human solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN), a rare tumor with low malignant potential. Conversely, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) accounts for the majority of pancreatic tumors and is among the leading causes of cancer death. Whereas activating mutations within beta-catenin and other members of the canonical Wnt pathway are rare, recent reports have implicated Wnt signaling in the development and progression of human PDA. Here, we sought to address the role of beta-catenin signaling in pancreas tumorigenesis. METHODS Using Cre/lox technology, we conditionally activated beta-catenin in a subset of murine pancreatic cells in vivo. RESULTS Activation of beta-catenin results in the formation of large pancreatic tumors at a high frequency in adult mice. These tumors resemble human SPN based on morphologic and immunohistochemical comparisons. Interestingly, stabilization of beta-catenin blocks the formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) in the presence of an activating mutation in Kras that is known to predispose individuals to PDA. Instead, mice in which beta-catenin and Kras are concurrently activated develop distinct ductal neoplasms that do not resemble PanIN lesions. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that activation of beta-catenin is sufficient to induce pancreas tumorigenesis. Moreover, they indicate that the sequence in which oncogenic mutations are acquired has profound consequences on the phenotype of the resulting tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Heiser
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David A. Cano
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Limor Landsman
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grace E. Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James G. Kench
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010 Australia,Department of Tissue Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145 Australia
| | - David S. Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Maketo M. Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 606-8501
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010 Australia,Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010 Australia
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Correspondence: ; Phone: (415) 514-0820; Fax: (415) 564-5813, 513 Parnassus Ave. HSW 1112, Box 0540 San Francisco, CA 94143
| |
Collapse
|