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Chousakos E, Katsoulas N, Kavantzas N, Stratigos A, Lazaris AC. The role of dual-specificity phosphatase 3 in melanocytic oncogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1466-1476. [PMID: 35899430 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3), also known as Vaccinia H1-related phosphatase, is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that typically performs its major role in the regulation of multiple cellular functions through the dephosphorylation of its diverse and constantly expanding range of substrates. Many of the substrates described so far as well as alterations in the expression or the activity of DUSP3 itself are associated with the development and progression of various types of neoplasms, indicating that DUSP3 may be an important player in oncogenesis and a promising therapeutic target. This review focuses exclusively on DUSP3's contribution to either benign or malignant melanocytic oncogenesis, as many of the established culprit pathways and mechanisms constitute DUSP3's regulatory targets, attempting to synthesize the current knowledge on the matter. The spectrum of the DUSP3 interactions analyzed in this review covers substrates implicated in cellular growth, cell cycle, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, genomic stability/repair, adhesion and migration of tumor melanocytes. Furthermore, the speculations raised, based on the evidence to date, may be considered a fundament for potential research regarding the oncogenesis, evolution, management and therapeutics of melanocytic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Chousakos
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Nikolaos Katsoulas
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Nikolaos Kavantzas
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Alexandros Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, "Andreas Syggros" Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
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Qiao GB, Wang RT, Wang SN, Tao SL, Tan QY, Jin H. GRP75-mediated upregulation of HMGA1 stimulates stage I lung adenocarcinoma progression by activating JNK/c-JUN signaling. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1558-1569. [PMID: 33755320 PMCID: PMC8107037 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrence is a major challenge in early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) treatment. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of high‐mobility group AT‐hook 1 (HMGA1) and glucose‐regulated protein 75‐kDa (GRP75) in stage I LUAD and evaluated their potential as biomarkers for predicting the recurrence and prognosis of stage I LUAD. Methods The TCGA dataset was used to investigate the clinical significance of HMGA1 and GRP75 in early‐stage LUAD. The biological functions of HMGA1 and GRP75 in LUAD were investigated both in vitro and in vivo through overexpression and knockdown experiments. The interaction and regulation between HMGA1 and GRP75 were evaluated with coimmunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays. The downstream signaling pathway of the GRP75/HMGA1 axis was investigated by mRNA‐sequencing analysis. Results Both HMGA1 expression levels and GRP75 expression levels were associated with recurrence in stage I LUAD patients. In particular, HMGA1 had potential as an independent prognostic factor in stage I LUAD patients. Overexpression of GRP75 or HMGA1 significantly stimulated LUAD cell growth and metastasis, while silencing GRP75 or HMGA1 inhibited LUAD cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, GRP75 inhibited ubiquitination‐mediated HMGA1 degradation by directly binding to HMGA1, thereby causes HMGA1 upregulation in LUAD. In addition, the GRP75/HMGA1 axis played its role by activating JNK/c‐JUN signaling in LUAD. Conclusions The activation of GRP75/HMGA1/JNK/c‐JUN signaling is an important mechanism that promotes the progression of stage I LUAD, and a high level of HMGA1 is a novel biomarker for predicting recurrence and a poor prognosis in stage I LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bing Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ren-Tao Wang
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Nan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shao-Lin Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qun-You Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Zhou S, Ouyang W, Zhang X, Liao L, Pi X, Yang R, Mei B, Xu H, Xiang S, Li J. UTRN inhibits melanoma growth by suppressing p38 and JNK/c-Jun signaling pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:88. [PMID: 33632212 PMCID: PMC7905598 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Utrophin (UTRN), as a tumor suppressor gene, is involved in various cancer progression. The function of UTRN in the melanoma process and the related molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, we studied the function of UTRN in melanoma growth and the relevant molecular mechanisms. Methods Using the GEO database and UCSC Xena project, we compared the expression of UTRN in non-cancerous and melanoma tissues. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, qRT-PCR and Western Blot (WB) were performed to evaluate UTRN expression in clinical samples. A total of 447 cases with UTRN expression data, patient characteristics and survival data were extracted from TCGA database and analyzed. After stable transduction and single cell cloning, the proliferation ability of A375 human melanoma cells was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK) and 5‑ethynyl‑2′‑deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assays. GSEA was performed to predict the mechanism by which UTRN regulated melanoma growth. Then WB analysis was used to assess the protein expression levels of pathway signaling in overexpression (EXP) melanoma cells. Epac activator 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP was then used to evaluate the proliferation ability by activation of p38 and JNK/c-Jun signaling pathways. Results Data from GEO and UCSC Xena project indicated that UTRN expression was decreased in melanoma. Experiment on clinical samples further confirmed our finding. TCGA results showed that a reduced expression of UTRN in 447 melanoma samples was associated with advanced clinical characteristics (T stage, Clark level, ulceration), shorter survival time and poorer prognosis. In addition, up-regulated UTRN expression inhibited melanoma cell proliferation when compared to control group. MAPK signaling pathway was presented in both KEGG and BioCarta databases by using GSEA tool. WB results confirmed the down-regulated expression of p38, JNK1 and c-Jun in EXP group when compared to control group. Epac activator 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP treatment could partially rescue proliferation of tumor cells. Conclusion We have demonstrated that reduced UTRN predicted poorer prognosis and UTRN inhibited melanoma growth via p38 and JNK1/c-Jun pathways. Therefore, UTRN could serve as a tumor suppressor and novel prognostic biomarker for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Avenue North, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Lexi Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobing Pi
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Avenue North, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery and Skin Regeneration, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Baiqiang Mei
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaiyuan Xu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiehua Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan Avenue North, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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Hammouda MB, Ford AE, Liu Y, Zhang JY. The JNK Signaling Pathway in Inflammatory Skin Disorders and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E857. [PMID: 32252279 PMCID: PMC7226813 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), with its members JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, is a subfamily of (MAPK) mitogen-activated protein kinases. JNK signaling regulates a wide range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. Dysregulation of JNK pathway is associated with a wide range of immune disorders and cancer. Our objective is to provide a review of JNK proteins and their upstream regulators and downstream effector molecules in common skin disorders, including psoriasis, dermal fibrosis, scleroderma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel B. Hammouda
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Amy E. Ford
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jennifer Y. Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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5
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Wenzina J, Holzner S, Puujalka E, Cheng PF, Forsthuber A, Neumüller K, Schossleitner K, Lichtenberger BM, Levesque MP, Petzelbauer P. Inhibition of p38/MK2 Signaling Prevents Vascular Invasion of Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:878-890.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lu M, Wang Y, Zhan X. The MAPK Pathway-Based Drug Therapeutic Targets in Pituitary Adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:330. [PMID: 31231308 PMCID: PMC6558377 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) include ERK, p38, and JNK MAPK subfamilies, which are crucial regulators of cellular physiology, cell pathology, and many diseases including cancers. For the MAPK signaling system in pituitary adenomas (PAs), the activation of ERK signaling is generally thought to promote cell proliferation and growth; whereas the activations of p38 and JNK signaling are generally thought to promote cell apoptosis. The role of MAPK in treatment of PAs is demonstrated through the effects of currently used medications such as somatostatin analogs such as SOM230 and OCT, dopamine agonists such as cabergoline and bromocriptine, and retinoic acid which inhibit the MAPK pathway. Further, there are potential novel therapies based on putative molecular targets of the MAPK pathway, including 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), dopamine-somatostatin chimeric compound (BIM-23A760), ursolic acid (UA), fulvestrant, Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP), epidermal growth factor pathway substrate number 8 (Eps8), transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains (TMEFF2), cold inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), miR-16, and mammaliansterile-20-like kinase (MST4). The combined use of ERK inhibitor (e.g., SOM230, OCT, or dopamine) plus p38 activator (e.g., cabergoline, bromocriptine, and fulvestrant) and/or JNK activator (e.g., UA), or the development of single drug (e.g., BIM-23A760) to target both ERK and p38 or JNK pathways, might produce better anti-tumor effects on PAs. This article reviews the advances in understanding the role of MAPK signaling in pituitary tumorigenesis, and the MAPK pathway-based potential therapeutic drugs for PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Wang Y, Zhang G, Jin J, Degan S, Tameze Y, Zhang JY. MALT1 promotes melanoma progression through JNK/c-Jun signaling. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e365. [PMID: 28759024 PMCID: PMC5541718 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoma antigen 1 (MALT1) is a lymphoma oncogene that regulates signal transduction as a paracaspase and an adaptor protein. Yet, the role of MALT1 in other solid cancers such as melanoma is not well-understood. Here, we demonstrate that MALT1 is overexpressed in malignant melanoma cells, and predicts a poor disease-free survival. MALT1 inhibition via shRNA-mediated gene silencing or pharmacologically with MI-2 compound markedly reduced cell growth and migration of A2058 and A375 melanoma cell lines in vitro. Subcutaneous tumor growth analysis revealed that MALT1 gene silencing significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis to the lung. Consistently, the subcutaneous tumors with MALT1 loss had increased cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation. In addition, these tumors showed signs of mesenchymal–epithelial transition as indicated by the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and β1-intergrin. Further molecular analysis revealed that MALT1 is required for c-Jun and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by tumor necrosis factor-α. Forced expression of the c-Jun upstream activator MKK7 reversed the cell growth and migration defects caused by MALT1 loss. In contrast, NF-κB activation via expression of p65ER, a fusion protein containing NF-κB p65 and the tamoxifen-responsive mutant estrogen receptor, induced minimal effects on cell proliferation, but diminished cell death induced by MALT1 loss and TRAIL treatment. Together, these findings demonstrate that MALT1 promotes melanoma cell proliferation and motility through JNK/c-Jun, and enhances melanoma cell survival through NF-κB, underscoring MALT1 as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Dermatology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Degan
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Y Tameze
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Campagne C, Reyes-Gomez E, Picco ME, Loiodice S, Salaun P, Ezagal J, Bernex F, Commère PH, Pons S, Esquerre D, Bourneuf E, Estellé J, Maskos U, Lopez-Bergami P, Aubin-Houzelstein G, Panthier JJ, Egidy G. RACK1 cooperates with NRAS Q61K to promote melanoma in vivo. Cell Signal 2017; 36:255-266. [PMID: 28343944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer. RACK1 (Receptor for activated protein kinase C) protein was proposed as a biological marker of melanoma in human and domestic animal species harboring spontaneous melanomas. As a scaffold protein, RACK1 is able to coordinate the interaction of key signaling molecules implicated in both physiological cellular functions and tumorigenesis. A role for RACK1 in rewiring ERK and JNK signaling pathways in melanoma cell lines had been proposed. Here, we used a genetic approach to test this hypothesis in vivo in the mouse. We show that Rack1 knock-down in the mouse melanoma cell line B16 reduces invasiveness and induces cell differentiation. We have developed the first mouse model for RACK1 gain of function, Tyr::Rack1-HA transgenic mice, targeting RACK1 to melanocytes in vivo. RACK1 overexpression was not sufficient to initiate melanomas despite activated ERK and AKT. However, in a context of melanoma predisposition, RACK1 overexpression reduced latency and increased incidence and metastatic rate. In primary melanoma cells from Tyr::Rack1-HA, Tyr::NRasQ61K mice, activated JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and activated STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) acted as RACK1 oncogenic partners in tumoral progression. A sequential and coordinated activation of ERK, JNK and STAT3 with RACK1 is shown to accelerate aggressive melanoma development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Campagne
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - E Reyes-Gomez
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Embryologie, d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - M E Picco
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Loiodice
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P Salaun
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J Ezagal
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - F Bernex
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Embryologie, d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P H Commère
- Plateforme de Cytométrie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - S Pons
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, UMR 3571, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, F75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - D Esquerre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - E Bourneuf
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France; LREG, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J Estellé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - U Maskos
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, UMR 3571, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, F75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - P Lopez-Bergami
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnologicos, Ambientales y Diagnostico, Universidad Malmonides, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Aubin-Houzelstein
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J J Panthier
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; CNRS URM 3738, USC INRA 2026, F-75724, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, Génétique fonctionnelle de la Souris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris F-75724, France
| | - G Egidy
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Cai C, Lin J, Sun S, He Y. JNK Inhibition Inhibits Lateral Line Neuromast Hair Cell Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:19. [PMID: 26903805 PMCID: PMC4742541 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
JNK signaling is known to play a role in regulating cell behaviors such as cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, and recent studies have suggested important roles for JNK signaling in embryonic development. However, the precise function of JNK signaling in hair cell development remains poorly studied. In this study, we used the small molecule JNK inhibitor SP600125 to examine the effect of JNK signaling abrogation on the development of hair cells in the zebrafish lateral line neuromast. Our results showed that SP600125 reduced the numbers of both hair cells and supporting cells in neuromasts during larval development in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, JNK inhibition strongly inhibited the proliferation of neuromast cells, which likely explains the decrease in the number of differentiated hair cells in inhibitor-treated larvae. Furthermore, western blot and in situ analysis showed that JNK inhibition induced cell cycle arrest through induction of p21 expression. We also showed that SP600125 induced cell death in developing neuromasts as measured by cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, and this was accompanied with an induction of p53 gene expression. Together these results indicate that JNK might be an important regulator in the development of hair cells in the lateral line in zebrafish by controlling both cell cycle progression and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinchao Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzi He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Research Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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10
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Tian F, Hu Y, Sun X, Lu G, Li Y, Yang J, Tao J. Suppression of c‑FLIPL promotes JNK activation in malignant melanoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2904-8. [PMID: 26847085 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The up‑regulation of cellular Fas‑associated death domain‑like interleukin‑1β‑converting enzyme (FLICE)‑like inhibitory protein (c‑FLIP) has been reported in various tumor types, and has been previously shown to be associated with the clinicopathological features of melanoma. To assess its potential role in cancer therapy, the present study evaluated the effects of short hairpin (sh)RNAs of different c‑FLIP isoforms on cellular proliferation and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. Human c‑FLIP shRNA plasmids were constructed and transfected into the A875 melanoma cell line. It was observed that c‑FLIP shRNA exhibited strong inhibitory effects against the levels of phosphorylated‑JNK and inhibited cellular proliferation in A875 cells. Thus, this indicated that c‑FLIP long form shRNA serves a specific inhibitory role in cellular proliferation through inducing the activation of the JNK pathway in A875 cells. The present study provided insight into the development of RNAi based therapies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450015, P.R. China
| | - Yange Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450015, P.R. China
| | - Xixi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450015, P.R. China
| | - Gaihui Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450015, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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11
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FRIZZLED7 Is Required for Tumor Initiation and Metastatic Growth of Melanoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147638. [PMID: 26808375 PMCID: PMC4726610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are thought to arise from cancer stem cells and their tumor initiating abilities are required for the establishment of metastases. Nevertheless, in metastatic melanoma, the nature of cancer stem cells is under debate and their contribution to metastasis formation remains unknown. Using an experimental metastasis model, we discovered that high levels of the WNT receptor, FZD7, correlated with enhanced metastatic potentials of melanoma cell lines. Knocking down of FZD7 in a panel of four melanoma cell lines led to a significant reduction in lung metastases in animal models, arguing that FZD7 plays a causal role during metastasis formation. Notably, limiting dilution analyses revealed that FZD7 is essential for the tumor initiation of melanoma cells and FZD7 knockdown impeded the early expansion of metastatic melanoma cells shortly after seeding, in accordance with the view that tumor initiating ability of cancer cells is required for metastasis formation. FZD7 activated JNK in melanoma cell lines in vitro and the expression of a dominant negative JNK suppressed metastasis formation in vivo, suggesting that FZD7 may promote metastatic growth of melanoma cells via activation of JNK. Taken together, our findings uncovered a signaling pathway that regulates the tumor initiation of melanoma cells and contributes to metastasis formation in melanoma.
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12
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Senft D, Ronai ZA. Immunogenic, cellular, and angiogenic drivers of tumor dormancy--a melanoma view. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 29:27-42. [PMID: 26514653 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In tumor cells, the ability to maintain viability over long time periods without proliferation is referred to as a state of dormancy. Maintenance of dormancy is controlled by numerous cellular and environmental factors, from immune surveillance and tumor-stroma interaction to intracellular signaling. Interference of dormancy (to an 'awaken' state) is associated with reduced response to therapy, resulting in relapse or in metastatic burst. Thus, maintaining a dormant state should prolong therapeutic responses and delay metastasis. Technical obstacles in studying tumor dormancy have limited our understanding of underlying mechanisms and hampered our ability to target dormant cells. In this review, we summarize the progress of research in the field of immunogenic, angiogenic, and cellular dormancy in diverse malignancies with particular attention to our current understanding in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Senft
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Flørenes VA, Emilsen E, Dong HP, Førsund M, Holm R, Slipicevic A. Cellular localization of CIP2A determines its prognostic impact in superficial spreading and nodular melanoma. Cancer Med 2015; 4:903-13. [PMID: 25663244 PMCID: PMC4472213 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is an important oncogene contributing to cancer progression partially by regulating cMYC and AKT. We examined CIP2A expression in cutaneous melanomas, its association with clinicopathological parameters and mapped molecular mechanisms regulated by CIP2A in vitro. CIP2A expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 17 nevi, 132 primary melanomas and 49 metastases. Effects of siRNA-mediated down-regulation on proliferation, apoptosis and signaling pathways were assessed in melanoma cell lines. In superficial spreading melanomas (SSM), high nuclear CIP2A expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (P = 0.0018). Surprisingly, high cytoplasmic expression was related to improved relapse-free (P = 0.031) and OS (P = 0.014) in nodular melanomas (NM). In vitro experiments revealed that CIP2A can regulate proliferation and/or apoptosis partially through the PI3K/AKT pathway but also independently. In summary, CIP2A could represent a potential therapeutic target in SSM. However, in NM cytoplasmic CIP2A is associated with improved prognosis indicating that CIP2A has distinct, complex functions dependent on the molecular context and histological subtype. As seen in other cancer types, CIP2A can influence cMYC and AKT, but our data also suggest that in melanoma it has additional targets which need to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Ann Flørenes
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Emilsen
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hiep Phuc Dong
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Førsund
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Holm
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Slipicevic
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
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Lopez-Bergami P. The role of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase pathways in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 24:902-21. [PMID: 21914141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries have increased our comprehension of the molecular signaling events critical for melanoma development and progression. Many oncogenes driving melanoma have been identified, and most of them exert their oncogenic effects through the activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK pathways are also important in melanoma, but their precise role is not clear yet. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of the three main MAPK pathways, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), JNK, and p38, and their impact on melanoma biology. Although the results obtained with BRAF inhibitors in melanoma patients are impressive, several mechanisms of acquired resistance have emerged. To overcome this obstacle constitutes the new challenge in melanoma therapy. Given the major role that MAPKs play in melanoma, understanding their functions and the interconnection among them and with other signaling pathways represents a step forward toward this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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He L, Peng K, Liu Y, Xiong J, Zhu FF. Low expression of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1539-43. [PMID: 24204164 PMCID: PMC3817086 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s52805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) was initially identified as a key receptor interacting protein 3 downstream component of tumor-necrosis-factor-induced necrosis. In this study, we characterized the expression of MLKL in ovarian carcinomas and evaluated the prognostic value of MLKL in patients with ovarian cancer. Materials and methods The ovarian cancer tissue specimens were collected from 153 patients diagnosed as primary ovarian cancer after operation at The Second Xiangya Hospital from January 2005 to December 2008. Immunohistochemistry was performed for MLKL and the protein expression score was quantified using an established scoring system. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were generated for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients. MLKL expression levels were correlated with DFS and OS using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results Seventy-five patients (49%) were defined as having high MLKL expression and 67 patients (43.7%) had >80% of cells staining for MLKL. Remarkably, low MLKL expression was significantly associated with decreased DFS (median 40 months versus 25 months, P=0.0282) and OS (median 43 months versus 28 months, P=0.0032). In multivariate analysis, retained significance was also observed. Conclusion Low MLKL expression was significantly associated with both decreased DFS and OS in patients with primary ovarian cancer. MLKL expression may serve as a potential prognostic marker in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, People's Republic of China
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16
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Brassesco MS, Pezuk JA, de Oliveira JC, Valera ET, de Oliveira HF, Scrideli CA, Umezawa K, Tone LG. Activator protein-1 inhibition by 3-[(dodecylthiocarbonyl)methyl]-glutamaride impairs invasion and radiosensitizes osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:351-8. [PMID: 23350896 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Despite advances in neoadjuvant multi-agent chemotherapy, the outcome of patients has not significantly improved in the last decades, making the search for more effective therapeutic agents imperative. In the present study, we explored the possibility of using activator protein-1 inhibition by 3-[(dodecylthiocarbonyl)methyl]-glutarimide (DTCM-g) as a new therapeutic strategy in two OS cell lines, HOS and MG-63. Our results showed that low concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) of the drug significantly decreased cell proliferation and clonogenic capacity, albeit it did not significantly induce cell death. DTCM-g also decreased cell invasiveness, and inhibited PDPN, MMP-2, TIMP1, and TIMP2 expressions. Moreover, our results showed that DTCM-g synergized with ionizing radiation in both cell lines while chemosensitized MG-63 cells to doxorubicin treatment. Even though additional laboratorial and preclinical tests are still needed to support our data, we demonstrate that DTCM-g inhibits growth in OS cells, increases the cytotoxicity of other commonly used agents, and may possess antimetastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Brassesco
- 1 Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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17
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Sabapathy K. Role of the JNK pathway in human diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 106:145-69. [PMID: 22340717 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396456-4.00013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating cell fate, being implicated in a multitude of diseases ranging from cancer to neurological and immunological/inflammatory conditions. Not surprisingly, therefore, it has been sought after for therapeutic intervention, and its inhibition has been shown to ameliorate many pathological conditions in experimental systems, paving the way for initial clinical trials. However, the fundamental problem in fully harnessing the potential provided by the JNK pathway has been the lack of specificity, due to the multiple JNK forms that are involved in multiple cellular processes in various cell types. Moreover, lack of sufficient knowledge of all JNK-interacting proteins and substrates has also hindered progress. This review will therefore focus on the role of the JNKs in human diseases and appraise the efforts to inhibit JNK signaling to ameliorate disease conditions, assessing potential challenges and providing insights into possible future directions to efficiently target this pathway for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
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18
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Tabata M, Murata E, Ueda K, Kato-Kogoe N, Kuroda Y, Hirose M. Effects of TrkA inhibitory peptide on cancer-induced pain in a mouse melanoma model. J Anesth 2012; 26:545-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-012-1377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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19
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DNA-PKcs-mediated stabilization of p53 by JNK2 is involved in arsenite-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in human embryo lung fibroblast cells. Toxicol Lett 2012; 210:302-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Li Y, Shen L, Xu H, Pang Y, Xu Y, Ling M, Zhou J, Wang X, Liu Q. Up-regulation of cyclin D1 by JNK1/c-Jun is involved in tumorigenesis of human embryo lung fibroblast cells induced by a low concentration of arsenite. Toxicol Lett 2011; 206:113-20. [PMID: 21726611 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, is associated with an increased risk of cancer. There are several hypotheses regarding arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. The mechanism of action remains obscure, although hyper-proliferation of cells is involved. In the present study, the molecular mechanisms underlying the proliferation and malignant transformation of human embryo lung fibroblast (HELF) cells induced by a low concentration of arsenite were investigated. The results reveal that a low concentration of arsenite induces cell proliferation and promotes cell cycle transition from the G(1) to the S phase. Moreover, arsenite activates the JNK1/c-Jun signal pathway, but not JNK2, which up-regulates the expression of cyclin D1/CDK4 and phosphorylates the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. Blocking of the JNK1/c-Jun signal pathway suppresses the increases of cyclin D1 expression and Rb phosphorylation, which attenuates cell proliferation, reduces the transition from the G1 to the S phase, and thereby inhibits the neoplastic transformation of HELF cells induced by a low concentration of arsenite. Thus, activation of the JNK1/c-Jun pathway up-regulates the expression of cyclin D1, which is involved in the tumorigenesis caused by a low concentration of arsenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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21
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Biomarkers: the useful and the not so useful--an assessment of molecular prognostic markers for cutaneous melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:1971-87. [PMID: 20555347 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Among individuals with localized (Stage I-II) melanoma, stratifying patients by a number of phenotypic variables (e.g., depth of invasion, ulceration) yields a wide range of 10-year melanoma-specific survival rates. With the possible exception of Ki-67, no molecular assessment is routinely used. However, there have been a tremendous number of studies assessing protein expression by immunohistochemistry toward the goal of better prediction of recurrence. In a previous systematic review, which required publication of multivariable prognostic models as a strict inclusion criterion, we identified 37 manuscripts that collectively reported on 62 proteins. Data for 324 proteins extracted from 418 manuscripts did not meet our inclusion criteria for that study, but are revisited here, emphasizing trends of protein expression across either melanocytic lesion progression or gradations of tumor thickness. These identified 101 additional proteins that stratify melanoma, organized according to the Hanahan and Weinberg functional capabilities of cancer.
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22
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Gao YJ, Cheng JK, Zeng Q, Xu ZZ, Decosterd I, Xu X, Ji RR. Selective inhibition of JNK with a peptide inhibitor attenuates pain hypersensitivity and tumor growth in a mouse skin cancer pain model. Exp Neurol 2009; 219:146-55. [PMID: 19445931 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer pain significantly affects the quality of cancer patients, and current treatments for this pain are limited. C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has been implicated in tumor growth and neuropathic pain sensitization. We investigated the role of JNK in cancer pain and tumor growth in a skin cancer pain model. Injection of luciferase-transfected B16-Fluc melanoma cells into a hindpaw of mouse induced robust tumor growth, as indicated by increase in paw volume and fluorescence intensity. Pain hypersensitivity in this model developed rapidly (<5 days) and reached a peak in 2 weeks, and was characterized by mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Tumor growth was associated with JNK activation in tumor mass, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and spinal cord and a peripheral neuropathy, such as loss of nerve fibers in the hindpaw skin and induction of ATF-3 expression in DRG neurons. Repeated systemic injections of D-JNKI-1 (6 mg/kg, i.p.), a selective and cell-permeable peptide inhibitor of JNK, produced an accumulative inhibition of mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. A bolus spinal injection of D-JNKI-1 also inhibited mechanical allodynia. Further, JNK inhibition suppressed tumor growth in vivo and melanoma cell proliferation in vitro. In contrast, repeated injections of morphine (5 mg/kg), a commonly used analgesic for terminal cancer, produced analgesic tolerance after 1 day and did not inhibit tumor growth. Our data reveal a marked peripheral neuropathy in this skin cancer model and important roles of the JNK pathway in cancer pain development and tumor growth. JNK inhibitors such as D-JNKI-1 may be used to treat cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jing Gao
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Medical Research Building, Room 604, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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23
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Gould Rothberg BE, Bracken MB, Rimm DL. Tissue biomarkers for prognosis in cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101:452-74. [PMID: 19318635 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djp038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the clinical management of early-stage cutaneous melanoma, it is critical to determine which patients are cured by surgery alone and which should be treated with adjuvant therapy. To assist in this decision, many groups have made an effort to use molecular information. However, although there are hundreds of studies that have sought to assess the potential prognostic value of molecular markers in predicting the course of cutaneous melanoma, at this time, no molecular method to improve risk stratification is part of recommended clinical practice. To help understand this disconnect, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature that reported immunohistochemistry-based protein biomarkers of melanoma outcome. Three parallel search strategies were applied to the PubMed database through January 15, 2008, to identify cohort studies that reported associations between immunohistochemical expression and survival outcomes in melanoma that conformed to the REMARK criteria. Of the 102 cohort studies, we identified only 37 manuscripts, collectively describing 87 assays on 62 distinct proteins, which met all inclusion criteria. Promising markers that emerged included melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM)/MUC18 (all-cause mortality [ACM] hazard ratio [HR] = 16.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.80 to 70.28), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (melanoma-specific mortality [MSM] HR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.32 to 5.07), Ki-67 (combined ACM HR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.41 to 5.01), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (ACM HR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.56 to 3.31), and p16/INK4A (ACM HR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.83, MSM HR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.67). We further noted incomplete adherence to the REMARK guidelines: 14 of 27 cohort studies that failed to adequately report their methods and nine studies that failed to either perform multivariable analyses or report their risk estimates were published since 2005.
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Ouafik L, Berenguer-Daize C, Berthois Y. Adrenomedullin promotes cell cycle transit and up-regulates cyclin D1 protein level in human glioblastoma cells through the activation of c-Jun/JNK/AP-1 signal transduction pathway. Cell Signal 2009; 21:597-608. [PMID: 19166930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin is a secreted peptide hormone with multiple functions. Although a number of reports have indicated that adrenomedullin may be involved in tumor progression, its mechanism of action remains obscure. In this study, we have analysed the signal transduction pathway activated by adrenomedullin in human glioma cells. Our results revealed that adrenomedullin induced the phosphorylation of both c-Jun and JNK in glioblastoma cells. Silencing JNK expression with siRNA reversed the phosphorylation of c-Jun induced by adrenomedullin, indicating that JNK is responsible of c-Jun activation. In addition, electrophoretic mobility-shift assays showed that the increase in phosphorylation of c-Jun was associated with increased AP-1 DNA binding activity. Supershift assays and co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that c-Jun and JunD are part of the AP-1 complex, indicating that activated c-Jun is dimerized with JunD in response to adrenomedullin. Furthermore, adrenomedullin was shown to promote cell transit beyond cell cycle phases with a concomittant increase in cyclin D1 protein level, suggesting that adrenomedullin effects cell proliferation through up-regulation of cyclin D1. The inhibition of JNK activation or the suppression of c-Jun or JunD expression with siRNA impaired the effects of adrenomedullin on cell proliferation and on cyclin D1. Taken together, these data demonstrate that activation of cJun/JNK pathway is involved in the growth regulatory activity of adrenomedullin in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L'Houcine Ouafik
- INSERM UMR 911 CRO2, Angiogénèse, invasivité et micro-environnement tumoral, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13916 Marseille Cédex 20, France
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25
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Larson AR, Konat E, Alani RM. Melanoma biomarkers: current status and vision for the future. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 6:105-17. [PMID: 19107110 DOI: 10.1038/ncponc1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the leading cause of death from skin cancer in industrialized countries. Clinical and histological variables such as primary tumor invasion, ulceration, and lymph node status might fail to identify early-stage disease that will eventually progress. Tumor biomarkers might help to identify patients with early-stage melanoma who are likely to develop advanced disease and would benefit from additional therapies. These biomarkers offer the possibility of improved tumor staging through the molecular detection of microscopic lymph node metastases that are not visible on routine histological examination. We focus on biomarkers localized to the tumor tissue and those of prognostic value. We give an overview of the melanoma biomarkers that are most helpful for prediction of patients' outcomes, and discuss the primary melanoma biomarkers that have been shown to be of prognostic significance independent of primary tumor thickness and other common clinical prognostic indicators. Although such tumor-associated biomarkers are thought to have the greatest potential, a lack of reliable data makes their true clinical utility difficult to determine. We conclude that several biomarkers show promise in early studies; however, additional large-scale studies are warranted. We suggest cautious optimism for the field of melanoma biomarkers, which we expect to be translated into clinical practice over the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Larson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA
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26
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Alexaki VI, Javelaud D, Mauviel A. JNK supports survival in melanoma cells by controlling cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2008; 21:429-38. [PMID: 18541008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2008.00466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
JNK1/2 proteins belong to the family of stress-activated protein kinases. They play a complex role in growth regulation, inducing either cell death or growth support. In this report, we provide evidence that, in human melanoma cells, JNK inhibition with the small molecule inhibitor SP600125 induces either predominantly a G2/M arrest or apoptosis depending on the cell line. In 1205Lu cells, JNK inhibition induced cell cycle arrest through p53-dependent induction of p21 Cip1/Waf1 expression, while in WM983B cells, induction of apoptosis by JNK inhibition was accompanied by p53, Bad and Bax induction, not p21 Cip1/Waf1. JNK inhibition with the small molecule inhibitor SP600125 slowed growth of all cell lines, although the effect was markedly greater in cells exhibiting high phospho- (P-)JNK1 levels. Specific gene knockdown of JNK1 by means of siRNA oligonucleotides inhibited cell growth only in melanoma cell lines exhibiting high P-JNK1 levels. siRNAs directed against JNK2 did not reduce cell growth in any of the cell lines tested. Together, our findings demonstrate that JNK, and in particular the JNK1 isoform, support the growth of melanoma cells, by controlling either cell cycle progression or apoptosis depending on the cellular context.
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Abstract
Understanding regulatory pathways involved in melanoma development and progression has advanced significantly in recent years. It is now appreciated that melanoma is the result of complex changes in multiple signaling pathways that affect growth control, metabolism, motility and the ability to escape cell death programs. Here we review the major signaling pathways currently known to be deregulated in melanoma with an implication to its development and progression. Among these pathways are Ras, B-Raf, MEK, PTEN, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3Ks) and Akt which are constitutively activated in a significant number of melanoma tumors, in most cases due to genomic change. Other pathways discussed in this review include the [Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), transforming growth factor-beta pathways which are also activated in melanoma, although the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. As a paradigm for remodeled signaling pathways, melanoma also offers a unique opportunity for targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Signal Transduction Program, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
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