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Sánchez-Fdez A, Matilla-Almazán S, Del Carmen S, Abad M, Arconada-Luque E, Jiménez-Suárez J, Chinchilla-Tábora LM, Ruíz-Hidalgo MJ, Sánchez-Prieto R, Pandiella A, Esparís-Ogando A. Etiopathogenic role of ERK5 signaling in sarcoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1247-1257. [PMID: 37332046 PMCID: PMC10317974 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas constitute a heterogeneous group of rare and difficult-to-treat tumors that can affect people of all ages, representing one of the most common forms of cancer in childhood and adolescence. Little is known about the molecular entities involved in sarcomagenesis. Therefore, the identification of processes that lead to the development of the disease may uncover novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, we show that the MEK5/ERK5 signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sarcomas. By developing a mouse model engineered to express a constitutively active form of MEK5, we demonstrate that the exclusive activation of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway can promote sarcomagenesis. Histopathological analyses identified these tumors as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas. Bioinformatic studies revealed that sarcomas are the tumors in which ERK5 is most frequently amplified and overexpressed. Moreover, analysis of the impact of ERK5 protein expression on overall survival in patients diagnosed with different sarcoma types in our local hospital showed a 5-fold decrease in median survival in patients with elevated ERK5 expression compared with those with low expression. Pharmacological and genetic studies revealed that targeting the MEK5/ERK5 pathway drastically affects the proliferation of human sarcoma cells and tumor growth. Interestingly, sarcoma cells with knockout of ERK5 or MEK5 were unable to form tumors when engrafted into mice. Taken together, our results reveal a role of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway in sarcomagenesis and open a new scenario to be considered in the treatment of patients with sarcoma in which the ERK5 pathway is pathophysiologically involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Sánchez-Fdez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC)-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sofía Matilla-Almazán
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC)-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sofía Del Carmen
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departmento de Patología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mar Abad
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departmento de Patología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Arconada-Luque
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jaime Jiménez-Suárez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Chinchilla-Tábora
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departmento de Patología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mª José Ruíz-Hidalgo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Facultad de Medicina, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBM-CSIC)-Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Albacete, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC)-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Azucena Esparís-Ogando
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC)-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Dirks WG, Capes-Davis A, Eberth S, Fähnrich S, Wilting J, Nagel S, Steenpass L, Becker J. Cross contamination meets misclassification: Awakening of CHP-100 from sleeping beauty sleep-A reviewed model for Ewing's sarcoma. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2608-2613. [PMID: 33460449 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A human cell line of neuroblastic tissue, which was believed to have been lost to science due to its unavailability in public repositories, is revived and reclassified. In the 1970s, a triple set of neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines became available for research as MYCN-amplified vs nonamplified models (CHP-126/-134 and CHP-100, respectively). Confusingly, CHP-100 was used in subsequent years as a model for NB and, since the 1990s, as a model for neuroepithelioma and later as a model for Ewing's sarcoma (ES), which inevitably led to non-reproducible results. A deposit at a bioresource center revealed that globally available stocks of CHP-100 were identical to the prominent NB cell line IMR-32 and CHP-100 was included into the list of misidentified cell lines. Now we report on the rediscovery of an authentic CHP-100 cell line and provide evidence of incorrect classification during establishment. We show that CHP-100 cells carry a t(11;22)(q24;q12) type II EWSR1-FLI1 fusion and identify it as a classic ES. Although the question of whether CHP-100 was a virtual and never existing cell line from the beginning is now clarified, the results of all relevant publications should be considered questionable. Neither the time of the cross-contamination event with IMR-32 is known nor was the final classification as a model for Ewing family of tumors available with an associated short tandem repeat profile. After a long road of errors and confusion, authentic CHP-100 is now characterized as a type II EWSR1-FLI1 fusion model 44 years after its establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Gerhard Dirks
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Amanda Capes-Davis
- Cell Bank Australia, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonja Eberth
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Silke Fähnrich
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Nagel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Steenpass
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Yuan B, Ji W, Xia H, Li J. Combined analysis of gene expression and genome binding profiles identified potential therapeutic targets of ciclopirox in Ewing sarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4291-4298. [PMID: 29328472 PMCID: PMC5802202 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciclopirox (CPX) is a synthetic antifungal drug that is mainly used to treat dermatomycoses. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CPX could influence Ewing sarcoma progression. The present study suggested that CPX treatment may inhibit Ewing sarcoma (ES) progression through Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-Friend leukemia integration 1 (EWS-FLI1), a common fusion transcript structure in patients with ES. To determine the underlying mechanisms of ES progression, cross analysis was conducted on three high-throughput genome or transcript me datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The results indicated that CPX may inhibit ES growth by affecting vasculature development and DNA replication. A combination of genome-wide expression and binding profiles revealed several potential targets for CPX in ES, including collagen type I α2 chain, N-myc proto-oncogene and transforming growth factor β1, which contained significantly enriched binding peaks of FLI1. In addition, network analysis, including a protein-protein interaction network and a transcription regulatory network, provided further detailed information about the roles of CPX in ES. This study may provide a novel solution for ES treatment and may also aid in improving its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisheng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266035, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266035, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266035, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266035, P.R. China
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Hipp NI, Christner L, Wirth T, Mueller-Klieser W, Walenta S, Schröck E, Debatin KM, Beltinger C. MYCN and survivin cooperatively contribute to malignant transformation of fibroblasts. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:479-88. [PMID: 24130166 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenes MYCN and survivin (BIRC5) maintain aggressiveness of diverse cancers including sarcomas. To investigate whether these oncogenes cooperate in initial malignant transformation, we transduced them into Rat-1 fibroblasts. Indeed, survivin enhanced MYCN-driven contact-uninhibited and anchorage-independent growth in vitro. Importantly, upon subcutaneous transplantation into mice, cells overexpressing both instead of either one of the oncogenes generated tumors with shortened latency, marked anaplasia and an increased proliferation-to-apoptosis ratio resulting in accelerated growth. Mechanistically, the increased tumorigenicity was associated with an enhanced Warburg effect and a hypoxia inducible factor 1α linked vascular remodeling. This cooperation between MYCN and survivin may be important in the genesis of several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora I Hipp
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm89075, Germany
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Sadikovic B, Graham C, Ho M, Zielenska M, Somers GR. Immunohistochemical expression and cluster analysis of mesenchymal and neural stem cell-associated proteins in pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2011; 14:259-72. [PMID: 21162641 DOI: 10.2350/10-08-0890-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric undifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas (USTSs) are a group of malignancies composed predominantly of primitive round cell sarcomas, the histogenesis of which is uncertain. Thus, diagnosis and therapy remain a challenge. The aims of the current study were to determine whether differential expression of stem cell-associated proteins could be used to aid in determining the histogenesis of pediatric USTSs and to determine whether pediatric USTSs expressed a unique panel of stem cell-associated proteins to aid diagnosis. Tumors included 28 Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (ESs), 22 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMSs), 8 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMSs), 5 synovial sarcomas (SSs), 5 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), and 13 USTSs. Stem cell antibodies included 3 mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD44, CD105, and CD166) and 5 neural stem cell markers (CD15, CD29, CD56, CD133, and nestin). Sections were scored followed by statistical analysis, clustering analysis, and visualizations using Partek Genomic Suite Software. The Euclidean clustering divided the tumors into 2 major groups. ESs and USTSs formed the majority of the 1st group, whereas ERMSs, ARMSs, MPNSTs, and SSs formed the 2nd group. Reduced expression of CD56 was strongly associated with the ES/USTS cluster (P < 0.0001). ESs and USTSs were further separated by CD166 staining, wherein increased expression was associated with ES (P < 0.0001). The 2nd group included the majority of other sarcomas, with no consistent separation between subtypes. The current study demonstrates the usefulness of applying stem cell markers to pediatric sarcomas and indicates that USTSs and ESs are closely related and may share a common histogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Veselska R, Hermanova M, Loja T, Chlapek P, Zambo I, Vesely K, Zitterbart K, Sterba J. Nestin expression in osteosarcomas and derivation of nestin/CD133 positive osteosarcoma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:300. [PMID: 18925963 PMCID: PMC2588620 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nestin was originally identified as a class VI intermediate filament protein that is expressed in stem cells and progenitor cells in the mammalian CNS during development. This protein is replaced in the adult organism by other intermediate filament proteins; however, nestin may be re-expressed under certain pathological conditions such as ischemia, inflammation, brain injury, and neoplastic transformation. Nestin has been detected in many kinds of tumors, especially in tumors derived from the CNS. Co-expression of nestin and the CD133 surface molecule is considered to be a marker for cancer stem cells in neurogenic tumors. Our work was aimed at a detailed study of nestin expression in osteosarcomas and osteosarcoma-derived cell lines. Methods Using immunodetection methods, we examined nestin in tumor tissue samples from 18 patients with osteosarcomas. We also successfully established permanent cell lines from the tumor tissue of 4 patients and immunodetection of nestin and CD133 was performed on these cell lines. Results Nestin-positive tumor cells were immunohistochemically detected in all of the examined osteosarcomas, but the proportion of these cells that were positively stained as well as the intensity of staining varied. Nestin-positive cells were rarely observed in 2 tumor samples, and the remaining 16 tumor samples showed various nestin expression patterns ranging from very sporadic occurrence to an overwhelming proportion of cells with strong positive staining. Three of the established osteosarcoma cell lines were demonstrated to be nestin-positive, and only one cell line showed no expression of nestin; this finding corresponds with the rare occurrence of nestin-positive cells in the respective tumor sample. Moreover, three of these osteosarcoma cell lines were undoubtedly proven to be Nes+/CD133+. Conclusion Our results represent the first evidence of nestin expression in osteosarcomas and suggest the possible occurrence of cells with a stem-like phenotype in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Institute of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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