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Pompili S, Vetuschi A, Gaudio E, Tessitore A, Capelli R, Alesse E, Latella G, Sferra R, Onori P. Long-term abuse of a high-carbohydrate diet is as harmful as a high-fat diet for development and progression of liver injury in a mouse model of NAFLD/NASH. Nutrition 2020; 75-76:110782. [PMID: 32268264 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease globally. It is caused by a complex network of factors, including diet. The hallmark of NAFLD is the benign accumulation of triacylglycerols, however, this condition may worsen into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe form associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Currently, no therapies are available, and diet modifications are the only strategy. Although there is increasing evidence emerging about how an abuse of carbohydrates could be involved in the progression of liver injury, a comprehensive understanding of the damage induced by an enriched carbohydrate diet is still far from complete. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of a low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet (LF-HCD) with high-fat (HFD) and standard (SD) diets in a nutritional mouse model of NAFLD/NASH. METHODS Histologic, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed. RESULTS The results showed that the prolonged abuse of both LF-HCDs and HFDs induced a significant increase in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis scores compared with SD. At the same time, both LF-HCDs and HFDs led to significant increases in the expression of the molecules involved in the progression of NAFLD that we assessed (perilipin, CD68, TGF-β1, CTGF, leptin, leptin receptor, and α-SMA). CONCLUSIONS The present study highlighted that the simple substitution of fats with carbohydrates is not a proper strategy to prevent or mitigate the progression of NAFLD/NASH. Further studies are required to define the best nutritional strategy to prevent NAFLD and its related metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Capelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Leptin is a hormone that plays a major role as mediator of long-term regulation of energy balance, suppressing food intake, and stimulating weight loss. More recently, important physiological roles other than controlling appetite and energy expenditure have been suggested for leptin, including neuroendocrine, reparative, reproductive, and immune functions. These emerging peripheral roles let hypothesize that leptin can modulate also cancer progression. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated that elevated chronic serum concentrations of leptin, frequently seen in obese subjects, represent a stimulatory signal for tumor growth. Current knowledge indicates that also different non-tumoral cells resident in tumor microenvironment may respond to leptin creating a favorable soil for cancer cells. In addition, leptin is produced also within the tumor microenvironment creating the possibility for paracrine and autocrine action. In this review, we describe the main mechanisms that regulate peripheral leptin availability and how leptin can shape tumor microenvironment.
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Vokuda RS, B H S, Madhugiri VS, Velusamy SK, Verma SK. The Expression of Leptin and Its Receptor During Tumorigenesis of Diffuse Gliomas such as Astrocytoma and Oligodendroglioma- Grade II, III and IV (NOS). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:479-485. [PMID: 30803210 PMCID: PMC6897042 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Leptin, an adipocytokine functions via the leptin receptor, OB-Rb that contains an intact intracellular
domain and activates the JAK/STAT signalling cascade. It stimulates growth, migration and invasion of cancer cells in
vitro potentiating angiogenesis. Recently, the involvement of leptin in tumor progression is being explored. Gliomas
exhibit poor prognosis, low survival rates demanding for novel therapeutic regimens resulting in discovery of many
potential biomarkers and pharmaceutical targets. We analysed the potential role of leptin and OB-Rb in carcinogenesis
of malignant gliomas. Methods: Sixty fresh tissue samples of diffuse gliomas were collected after tumor excision. Real
time PCR, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and western blot analysis were carried out to assess the expression of
leptin and its receptor. Results: The present study demonstrates the expression of leptin and LepR and their involvement
in tumor progression. Of the 60 cases, 57 cases (95%) and 53 cases (88.3%) showed amplification for leptin and
OB-Rb respectively. The expression of these proteins were measured semi-quantitatively and correlated with degree of
malignancy (p<0.05). The bands were visualised on western blot. Conclusion: Leptin may be valued as a pharmaceutical
target and anti-leptin compounds could be developed as drugs in mono- or combined therapies for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya S Vokuda
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
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Targeting the leptin receptor: To evaluate therapeutic efficacy and anti-tumor effects of Doxil, in vitro and in vivo in mice bearing C26 colon carcinoma tumor. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:107-115. [PMID: 29413587 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an appetite regulatory hormone that is secreted into the blood circulation by the adipose tissue and it functions via its over expressed receptors (Ob-R) in a wide variety of cancers. In the present study, the function of a leptin-derived peptide (LP16, 91-110 of Leptin) was investigated as a targeting ligand to decorate PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD, Doxil®) surface and the anti-tumor activity and therapeutic efficacy of Doxil in C26 (Colon Carcinoma) tumor model were also evaluated. As a result of this, Doxil with different LP16 peptide density (25, 50, 100 and 200 peptide on the surface of each liposome) was successfully prepared and characterized. In vitro results showed significant enhanced cytotoxicity and cellular binding and uptake of LP16-targeted Doxil formulations (LP16-Doxil) in C26 cells as compared to Doxil. In BALB/c mice bearing C26 murine carcinoma, at a dose of 15 mg/kg, LP16-Doxil groups (100 ligand) significantly suppressed the growth of the tumor and showed higher inclination to tumor as compared to non-targeted Doxil. This study revealed that the potential of LP16 peptide targeting increased the therapeutic efficacy of Doxil and highlighted the importance of optimizing the ligand density to maximize the targeting ability of the nanocarriers and merits further investigations.
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Kim YJ, Kim YS, Chin S, Yoon JS, Lee SY, Kim CY, Jang SY. Cytoplasmic and nuclear leptin expression in lacrimal gland tumours: a pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 99:1306-10. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wagner KD, Benchetrit M, Bianchini L, Michiels JF, Wagner N. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) is highly expressed in liposarcoma and promotes migration and proliferation. J Pathol 2011; 224:575-88. [PMID: 21598253 DOI: 10.1002/path.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aberrations of specialized metabolic pathways might be implicated in the development of neoplasias. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors with important functions in metabolism. PPARβ/δ and PPARγ act in the proliferation and differentiation of adipose tissue progenitor cells. Thus, a potential use of PPARγ agonists for the treatment of liposarcoma had been suggested, but clinical trials failed to detect beneficial effects. We show here that PPARδ is highly expressed in liposarcoma compared to lipoma and correlates with proliferation. Stimulation of liposarcoma cell lines with a specific PPARδ agonist increases proliferation, which is abolished by a PPARδ-siRNA or a specific PPARδ antagonist. Expression of the adipose tissue secretory factor leptin is lower in liposarcoma compared to lipoma and leptin reduces proliferation of liposarcoma cell lines. PPARδ activation stimulates cell migration whereas leptin diminishes it. We demonstrate that PPARδ directly represses leptin as: (a) leptin becomes down-regulated upon PPARδ activation; (b) PPARδ represses leptin promoter activity in different sarcoma cell lines; (c) deletion of a PPAR/RxR binding element in the leptin promoter abolishes repression by PPARδ; and (d) in chromatin immunoprecipitation we confirm in vivo binding of PPARδ to the leptin promoter. Our data suggest inhibition of PPARδ as a potential novel strategy to reduce liposarcoma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay-Dietrich Wagner
- INSERM U907, Nice, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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Association of leptin -2548G/A and leptin receptor Q223R polymorphisms with increased risk for oral cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 135:603-12. [PMID: 18855010 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the possible association of DNA polymorphisms -2548G/A and Q223R in the leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes, respectively, which both affect the amount of circulating cytokine-type hormone leptin, with risk for development of oral cancer. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis was performed in DNA samples of 150 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 152 healthy control subjects of equivalent gender, age, and ethnicity (Greeks and Germans). RESULTS Compared to controls, the homozygous high gene expression genotype A/A of the LEP -2548G/A polymorphism was significantly increased in the subgroups of patients with advanced cancer stages (P = 0.0001; OR 9.0, 95% CI 2.62-30.89), with a positive family history of cancer (P = 0.0346; OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.15-11.01), without tobacco abuse (P = 0.0051; OR 9.69, 95% CI 1.03-91.24), and without alcohol abuse (P = 0.0472; OR 2.16, 95% CI 0.87-5.37). The homozygous low-leptin-binding genotype G/G of the LEPR Q223R polymorphism was strongly associated with an increased risk for OSCC for all patients (P = 0.0028; OR 4.11, 95% CI 1.30-12.97) as well for most of the patient subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The above findings are consistent with the growth-promoting role of leptin in cancer and its induction effect on angiogenesis and metastasis. This is the first study indicating the association of these LEP and LEPR gene polymorphisms with increased risk for OSCC.
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Caldefie-Chézet F, Damez M, de Latour M, Konska G, Mishellani F, Fusillier C, Guerry M, Penault-Llorca F, Guillot J, Vasson MP. Leptin: a proliferative factor for breast cancer? Study on human ductal carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 334:737-41. [PMID: 16009333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammary adipose tissue is an important source of paracrine mitogens and anti-mitogens, including insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factors, and cytokines (especially, TNFalpha and IL-1beta). Nevertheless, it is also an important source of the adipocytokine, leptin. Recently, leptin was reported to stimulate the proliferation of various cell types (pancreatic beta cells, prostate, colorectal, lung, etc.) as a new growth factor. It was also shown to stimulate the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. In this study, we conducted an immunohistochemical analysis of leptin expression in normal tissue and benign and malignant ductal breast cell, representing the different states of the invasion process. We determined for the first time that leptin is expressed both by ductal breast tumors and by benign lesions as atypical hyperplasia. This suggests that leptin may be taken up or synthesized by all modified ductal breast cells, and may prove a proliferative factor. Moreover, leptin is unexpressed by normal tissue in the healthy breast but is exhibited by the normal tissue in near vicinity of the malignant ductal breast lesions. We also postulated that leptin may be a prognostic or diagnostic factor for ductal breast cancer. These putative hypotheses require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caldefie-Chézet
- L.B.C.M., EA 2416, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Faculté de Pharmacie, France.
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Snoussi K, Strosberg AD, Bouaouina N, Ahmed SB, Helal AN, Chouchane L. Leptin and leptin receptor polymorphisms are associated with increased risk and poor prognosis of breast carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:38. [PMID: 16504019 PMCID: PMC1397853 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin (LEP) has been consistently associated with angiogenesis and tumor growth. Leptin exerts its physiological action through its specific receptor (LEPR). We have investigated whether genetic variations in LEP and LEPR have implications for susceptibility to and prognosis in breast carcinoma. METHODS We used the polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion to characterize the variation of the LEP and LEPR genes in 308 unrelated Tunisian patients with breast carcinoma and 222 healthy control subjects. Associations of the clinicopathologic parameters and these genetic markers with the rates of the breast carcinoma-specific overall survival (OVS) and the disease free survival (DFS) were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS A significantly increased risk of breast carcinoma was associated with heterozygous LEP (-2548) GA (OR = 1.45; P = 0.04) and homozygous LEP (-2548) AA (OR = 3.17; P = 0.001) variants. A highly significant association was found between the heterozygous LEPR 223QR genotype (OR = 1.68; P = 0.007) or homozygous LEPR 223RR genotype (OR = 2.26; P = 0.001) and breast carcinoma. Moreover, the presence of the LEP (-2548) A allele showed a significant association with decreased disease-free survival in breast carcinoma patients, and the presence of the LEPR 223R allele showed a significant association with decreased overall survival. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the polymorphisms in LEP and LEPR genes are associated with increased breast cancer risk as well as disease progress, supporting our hypothesis for leptin involvement in cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Snoussi
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Oncologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Noureddine Bouaouina
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Oncologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Cancérologie Radiothérapie CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Slim Ben Ahmed
- Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - A Noureddine Helal
- Unité Génome, Diagnostic Immunitaire et Valorisation, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Oncologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
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Kiess W, Klammt J, Hänze J, Blum WF, Berthold A, Seidel B, Kratzsch J. Evidence against a direct effect of leptin on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGFBP-2 and IGF-I receptor expression in human SK-N-MC neuroepithelioma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 130:35-41. [PMID: 15932773 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Revised: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ob gene product, leptin, is synthesized by adipocytes. In rodents, its main role is to regulate energy expenditure and food intake. The growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is also ubiquitously expressed, is also involved in energy homeostasis and shares some of the signaling molecules of leptin and its receptors. Therefore, we have asked whether or not leptin interacts with the GH-IGF system in an in vitro model. SK-N-MC cells were chosen for further investigation since they express IGF-I, IGF-I receptor and IGFBP-2 mRNA and secrete IGF-I and IGFBP-2 protein. Specific leptin receptor mRNA, both short and long isoform transcripts, were identified in SK-N-MC cells by RT-PCR. Secondly and most importantly, when SK-N-MC cells were cultured in the presence of leptin, neither IGF-I, nor IGF-I receptor or IGFBP-2 mRNA expression was different than in the absence of leptin. In addition, an increase in leptin did not alter secretion of immunoreactive IGF-I or IGFBP-2 protein into cell culture medium. In conclusion, (1) human SK-N-MC neuroepithelioma cells express ob and leptin receptor mRNA and secrete leptin. (2) Added exogenous leptin does not affect IGF-I, IGFBP-2 or IGF-I receptor mRNA expression and IGF-I and IGFBP-2 secretion by SK-N-MC cells in vitro under the conditions studied. We hypothesize that leptin and the IGF system do not interact directly in a cell culture model of neuroepithelioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Oststr. 21-25, D 04317 Leipzig, Germany.
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Skubitz KM, Cheng EY, Clohisy DR, Thompson RC, Skubitz APN. Differential gene expression in liposarcoma, lipoma, and adipose tissue. Cancer Invest 2005; 23:105-18. [PMID: 15813502 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-50432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Malignant transformation is thought to be associated with changes in the expression of a number of genes, and this alteration in gene expression is felt to be critical to the development of the malignant phenotype. Sarcomas represent a diverse group of tumors derived from cells of mesenchymal origin. Marked heterogeneity exists in the biological behavior of sarcomas, even within histologic subtypes of sarcomas. In an effort to better understand the biology of liposarcomas, gene expression in normal adipose tissue, lipomas, and liposarcomas was examined using the Affymetrix microarray technology. Differences in gene expression were quantified as the fold change in gene expression among the sample sets. Differences in gene expression among normal adipose tissue, lipomas, and liposarcomas were observed. In addition, genes expressed uniquely in liposarcoma among these and 18 other tissue sample sets were identified. Gene sets were devised that allowed the separation of liposarcomas from other samples, and most normal adipose tissue from most lipomas using the Eisen clustering software "Cluster." We conclude that differences in gene expression can be identified among different tumors derived from the adipocyte series. Such differences in gene expression may help differentiate among subtypes of sarcomas, and may also yield clues to the pathophysiology of this heterogeneous group of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Skubitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Sandberg AA. Updates on the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bone and soft tissue tumors: liposarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 155:1-24. [PMID: 15527898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Revised: 07/09/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery A Sandberg
- Department of DNA Diagnostics, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
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Sandberg AA. Updates on the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bone and soft tissue tumors: lipoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 150:93-115. [PMID: 15066317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/24/2003] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery A Sandberg
- Department of DNA Diagnostics, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
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Ribeiro R, Vasconcelos A, Costa S, Pinto D, Morais A, Oliveira J, Lobo F, Lopes C, Medeiros R. Overexpressing leptin genetic polymorphism (-2548 G/A) is associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer and risk of advanced disease. Prostate 2004; 59:268-74. [PMID: 15042602 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin has been consistently associated with angiogenesis and tumoral growth. A G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the -2548 site in leptin gene (LEP) is associated with overexpression of leptin (A-allele). METHODS We evaluated DNA samples from 268 (536 alleles) unrelated individuals, 118 healthy controls (HCs) and 150 prostate cancer (PC) patients, for leptin gene (LEP) locus -2548 genotypes. RESULTS We found an overrepresentation of the A-allele in PC patients and that there is a significantly higher risk for PC among A carriers (OR = 1.60; confidence interval (CI), 1.13-2.28, P = 0.008). Linear trend analysis showed that quantitative increase of A-allele presence was associated with significantly higher risk for PC (P = 0.003) in heterozygous (OR = 2.11; CI, 1.20-3.71) and homozygous (OR = 2.93; CI, 1.27-6.75) genotypes. Furthermore, the AA and AG genotypes represent significantly higher risk (OR = 4.67; CI, 1.69-12.88 and OR = 2.58; CI, 1.19-5.58, respectively) for advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS According to our results we hypothesize that the polymorphism in LEP gene may be relevant to PC risk and progression, supporting the hypothesis for leptin involvement in cancer ethiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ribeiro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Portugal
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Somasundar P, McFadden DW, Hileman SM, Vona-Davis L. Leptin is a growth factor in cancer. J Surg Res 2004; 116:337-49. [PMID: 15013374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2003] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ponnandai Somasundar
- West Virginia University, Department of Surgery, PO Box 9238, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
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Saglam K, Aydur E, Yilmaz M, Göktaş S. Leptin influences cellular differentiation and progression in prostate cancer. J Urol 2003; 169:1308-11. [PMID: 12629349 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000055903.18400.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have shown a positive association of dietary fat with prostate cancer. Leptin, a peptide hormone that has a role in the regulation of body weight, currently serves as a more accurate biomarker for total body fat. We designed a study to determine whether leptin influences cellular differentiation and the progression of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study we investigated serum leptin in 21 patients with prostate cancer, 50 with benign prostatic obstruction and 50 healthy individuals matched for sex, body mass index and age. Patients with cancer were stratified into 2 groups by the disease spread, including groups 1--organ confined and 2--advanced disease, and into 3 groups by the differentiation degree, including groups 3--Gleason sum 2 to 4 or well differentiated, 4--Gleason sum 5 to 7 or moderately differentiated and 5--Gleason sum 8 to 10 or poorly differentiated. RESULTS We noted significant differences in serum leptin in the cancer versus control and cancer versus benign prostatic obstruction groups. In addition, in the prostate cancer group serum leptin correlated with prostate specific antigen and biopsy Gleason score. We also observed significant differences in serum leptin in groups 1 versus 2, 3 versus 5 and 4 versus 5. CONCLUSION Leptin may have roles in the development of prostate cancer through testosterone and factors related to obesity. It influences cellular differentiation and the progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Saglam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gülhane University, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Copcu E, Sivrioglu NS. Posttraumatic lipoma: analysis of 10 cases and explanation of possible mechanisms. Dermatol Surg 2003; 29:215-20. [PMID: 12614411 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2003.29052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma and lipoma are the most frequently met occurrences in clinical routine. Although lipomas are well-known fatty tumors both clinically and pathologically, the precise etiology is still unknown. Generally, posttraumatic lipomas are known as "pseudolipoma," which describes herniation of deeper fat through Scarpa's layer secondary to trauma. Here we present 10 patients with lipoma secondary to blunt trauma in different anatomical sites. OBJECTIVES To correlate trauma and lipoma relationships and to discuss the possible pathogenetic mechanism by reviewing literature. METHODS Ten patients (12 lipomas) after blunt trauma were presented, and data of patients were reviewed. Ultrasonography and/or nuclear magnetic resonance were employed for diagnosis in addition to physical examination. All tumors were verified by histopathologic examinations. Patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months. RESULTS The average age was 34. Four of the lesions (12 altogether) were located on an upper extremity, 5 on a lower extremity, 2 on the trunk, and 1 on the neck. Excision of tumors and primary closure were performed in 92% of the lesions, and only one liposuction was performed. Aesthetic results were achieved in all patients. There were no complications and recurrences. CONCLUSION The effect of blunt trauma on fat tissue may be explained by different theories. We summarized possible mechanisms into two groups according to our observations and review of the literature: The first was related to mature adiposities and mainly a mechanical effect, and the second was differentiations of the preadipocytes to lipoma by the promoting factors. We speculate that only traumas that serve as a cause of fat necrosis may trigger the formation of the lipoma, and local inflammation secondary to fat necrosis may affect adipocytes and promote new formation of lipoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eray Copcu
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
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Lin BTY, Harvey DA, Medeiros LJ. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord: report of two cases and review of the literature. Mod Pathol 2002; 15:59-65. [PMID: 11796842 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the spermatic cord is rare, and most published cases are single case reports that emphasize clinical presentation and management. We describe in detail the histopathologic features of 2 cases of high-grade storiform-pleomorphic MFH arising in the spermatic cord. Both tumors occurred in elderly men, 65 years and 70 years, and were 4 cm (Case 1) and 5 cm (Case 2) in greatest dimension. The tumor mass in Case 1 was associated with satellite tumor nodules. At last follow-up, in Case 1 the patient died of metastasis, and in Case 2, the patient is alive and well 46 months after diagnosis. Review of the literature reveals 33 additional cases published in English (17 cases) or Japanese (16 cases) that include histologic description. Including the 2 cases in this report, most of the tumors occurred in older (than 50 years) patients (28 of 35 cases, 80%) and occurred as solitary masses that ranged in diameter from less than 1 cm to more than 20 cm. Nine patients presented with satellite tumor nodules. Twenty-nine (83%) tumors were of the storiform-pleomorphic type, with 3 giant cell type, 2 inflammatory type, and 1 myxoid type. These features do not differ significantly from MFH in other anatomic sites. Clinical follow-up is available in 33 cases (3-174 months; mean, 31.5 months). Twelve patients developed recurrence and metastasis; at least 4 patients died of the disease. Tumor size does not predict the clinical progression; however, patients with progressive tumors were commonly associated with satellite nodules at time of presentation, an indication of early local metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Fatal Outcome
- Genital Neoplasms, Male/chemistry
- Genital Neoplasms, Male/pathology
- Genital Neoplasms, Male/surgery
- Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/chemistry
- Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/pathology
- Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/surgery
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Muramidase/analysis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Spermatic Cord/chemistry
- Spermatic Cord/pathology
- Spermatic Cord/surgery
- Vimentin/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Tzy-Young Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tarzana Regional Medical Center, 18321 Clark Street, Tarzana, California 91356, USA
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