1
|
A single-cell survey unveils cellular heterogeneity and sensitive responses in mouse cortices induced by oral exposure to triphenyl phosphate. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2545-2557. [PMID: 35752650 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is a non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardant, and there is a higher exposure risk in children. TPhP has been found to be neurotoxic upon developmental exposure, yet the specific mechanism remains unclear. To characterize the cellular responses underlying TPhP-induced developmental neurotoxicity, we administered TPhP (0.5, 5 or 50 mg/kg/day) to neonatal mice from postnatal day 10 (P10)-P70. A total of 17,229 cells and 26,338 genes were identified in cortical samples from control and low-dose (the internal doses of metabolite DPhP comparable to human exposure level) groups using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). TPhP exposure led to heterogeneous transcriptional alterations and intercellular crosstalk among neurons, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), endothelial cells, and immunocytes. Deprivation of NSPCs, loss of mature neurons, and concomitant neuroinflammation mediated by extrinsic and intrinsic immunocytes were found in TPhP-exposed cortices. In addition, we observed blood-brain barrier destruction prior to the anxiety/depression-like neurobehavioral changes. These results reveal the distinctive cellular processes in TPhP's neurodevelopmental toxicity and uncover that the impeded neurogenesis, disrupted vascular barrier, and concomitant neuroinflammation are the sensitive responses to TPhP exposure. Our study paves the way for the application of scRNA-seq in toxicity assessments for emerging neurotoxic pollutants.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liver fat storage is controlled by HNF4α through induction of lipophagy and is reversed by a potent HNF4α agonist. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:603. [PMID: 34117215 PMCID: PMC8193211 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of strong HNF4α agonists and their use to uncover a previously unknown pathway by which HNF4α controls the level of fat storage in the liver. This involves the induction of lipophagy by dihydroceramides, the synthesis and secretion of which is controlled by genes induced by HNF4α. The HNF4α activators are N-trans caffeoyltyramine (NCT) and N-trans feruloyltyramine (NFT), which are structurally related to the known drugs alverine and benfluorex, which we previously showed to be weak HNF4α activators. In vitro, NCT and NFT induced fat clearance from palmitate-loaded cells. In DIO mice, NCT led to recovery of hepatic HNF4α expression and reduction of steatosis. Mechanistically, increased dihydroceramide production and action downstream of HNF4α occurred through increased expression of HNF4α downstream genes, including SPNS2 and CYP26A1. NCT was completely nontoxic at the highest dose administered and so is a strong candidate for an NAFLD therapeutic.
Collapse
|
3
|
Gibbons AS, Hoyer D, Dean B. SMAD4 protein is decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:70-77. [PMID: 32081064 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1733081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Signal transduction through the mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) is a family of signal transduction factors that mediate signalling of the transforming growth factor B (TGFB)-superfamily of cell regulatory proteins. A recent transcriptomic analysis of post-mortem, cortical tissue from subjects with schizophrenia found decreased mRNA expression of SMAD2 and SMAD4 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) associated with the disorder. To expand this initial finding, we sought to determine whether SMAD2 and SMAD4 protein were also altered in the cortex from subjects with schizophrenia. METHODS Western blotting was used to measure SMAD2 and SMAD4 protein levels in DLPFC and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) taken post-mortem from subjects with schizophrenia (n = 20) and matched control (n = 20) subjects. RESULTS Compared to controls, levels of SMAD4 were 25% lower in the DLPFC and 38% lower in the ACC from subjects with schizophrenia. By contrast, SMAD2 levels were not altered in either DLPFC or ACC. CONCLUSIONS Our finding of lower SMAD4 protein in the cortex suggests there are likely to be abnormalities in cortical TGFB-superfamily signalling in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Gibbons
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Neuroadaptations to antipsychotic drugs: Insights from pre-clinical and human post-mortem studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:317-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
5
|
Asada M, Mizutani S, Takagi M, Suzuki H. Antipsychotics promote neural differentiation of human iPS cell-derived neural stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:615-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
6
|
MacDowell KS, Caso JR, Martín-Hernández D, Moreno BM, Madrigal JLM, Micó JA, Leza JC, García-Bueno B. The Atypical Antipsychotic Paliperidone Regulates Endogenous Antioxidant/Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Rat Models of Acute and Chronic Restraint Stress. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:833-843. [PMID: 27233514 PMCID: PMC5081131 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the innate inflammatory response may underlie the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases. Current antipsychotics modulate pro-/anti-inflammatory pathways, but their specific actions on these pathways remain only partly explored. This study was conducted to elucidate the regulatory role of paliperidone (1 mg/kg i.p.) on acute (6 h) and chronic (6 h/day for 21 consecutive days) restraint stress-induced alterations in 2 emerging endogenous anti-inflammatory/antioxidant mechanisms: nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2)/antioxidant enzymes pathway, and the cytokine milieu regulating M1/M2 polarization in microglia, analyzed at the mRNA and protein levels in prefrontal cortex samples. In acute stress conditions, paliperidone enhanced NRF2 levels, possibly related to phosphoinositide 3-kinase upregulation and reduced kelch-Like ECH-associated protein 1 expression. In chronic conditions, paliperidone tended to normalize NRF2 levels through a phosphoinositide 3-kinase related-mechanism, with no effects on kelch-Like ECH-associated protein 1. Antioxidant response element-dependent antioxidant enzymes were upregulated by paliperidone in acute stress, while in chronic stress, paliperidone tended to prevent stress-induced downregulation of the endogenous antioxidant machinery. However, paliperidone increased transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10 in favor of an M2 microglia profile in acute stress conditions, which was also corroborated by paliperidone-induced increased levels of the M2 cellular markers arginase I and folate receptor 2. This latter effect was also produced in chronic conditions. Immunofluorescence studies suggested an increase in the number of microglial cells expressing arginase I and folate receptor 2 in the stressed animals pretreated with paliperidone. In conclusion, the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant/anti-inflammatory pathways by current and new antipsychotics could represent an interesting therapeutic strategy for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina S MacDowell
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier R Caso
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martín-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz M Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L M Madrigal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Micó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Care Among People with Severe Mental Illness: A Literature Review. J Gen Intern Med 2016; 31:1083-91. [PMID: 27149967 PMCID: PMC4978675 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-016-3712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Close to 19 million US adults have severe mental illnesses (SMI), and they die, on average, 25 years earlier than the general population, most often from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many of the antipsychotic medications used to treat SMI contribute to CVD risk by increasing risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Based on compelling evidence, the American Diabetes Association and the American Psychiatric Association developed guidelines for metabolic screening and monitoring during use of these medications.In this manuscript, we have reviewed the evidence on diabetes and other CVD risk screening, prevalence, and management among populations with SMI. We also review differences in screening among subpopulations with SMI (e.g., racial/ethnic minorities, women, and children). We found that despite national guidelines for screening for diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors, up to 70 % of people taking antipsychotics remain unscreened and untreated. Based on estimates that 20 % of the 19 million US adults with SMI have diabetes and 70 % of them are not screened; it is likely that over 2 million Americans with SMI have unidentified diabetes. Given that undiagnosed diabetes costs over $4,000 per person, this failure to identify diabetes among people with SMI represents a missed opportunity to prevent morbidity and translates to over $8 billion in annual preventable costs to our healthcare system.Given the high burden of disease and significant evidence of suboptimal medical care received by people with SMI, we propose several clinical and policy recommendations to improve diabetes and other CVD risk screening and care for this highly vulnerable population. These recommendations include reducing antipsychotic medication dose or switching antipsychotic medications, enhancing smoking cessation efforts, sharing electronic health records between physical and mental health care systems, and promoting integration of care.
Collapse
|
8
|
Foley DL, Mackinnon A. A systematic review of antipsychotic drug effects on human gene expression related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 14:446-51. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Lee SH, Athavankar S, Cohen T, Piran R, Kiselyuk A, Levine F. Identification of alverine and benfluorex as HNF4α activators. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1730-6. [PMID: 23675775 DOI: 10.1021/cb4000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The principal finding of this study is that two drugs, alverine and benfluorex, used in vastly different clinical settings, activated the nuclear receptor transcription factor HNF4α. Both were hits in a high-throughput screen for compounds that reversed the inhibitory effect of the fatty acid palmitate on human insulin promoter activity. Alverine is used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, while benfluorex (Mediator) was used to treat hyperlipidemia and type II diabetes. Benfluorex was withdrawn from the market recently because of serious cardiovascular side effects related to fenfluramine-like activity. Strikingly, alverine and benfluorex have a previously unrecognized structural similarity, consistent with a common mechanism of action. Gene expression and biochemical studies revealed that they both activate HNF4α. This novel mechanism of action should lead to a reinterpretation of previous studies with these drugs and suggests a path toward the development of therapies for diseases such as inflammatory bowel and diabetes that may respond to HNF4α activators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Lee
- Sanford Children’s
Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla,
California, 92037, United States
| | - Sonalee Athavankar
- Sanford Children’s
Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla,
California, 92037, United States
| | - Tom Cohen
- Sanford Children’s
Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla,
California, 92037, United States
| | - Ron Piran
- Sanford Children’s
Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla,
California, 92037, United States
| | - Alice Kiselyuk
- Sanford Children’s
Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla,
California, 92037, United States
| | - Fred Levine
- Sanford Children’s
Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla,
California, 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A novel insulin sensitizer drug candidate-BGP-15-can prevent metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:1071-6. [PMID: 22743983 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPD) are widely used to treat severe psychiatric disorders, have well documented metabolic side effects such as disturbances in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and weight gain. It has been shown that BGP-15, a hydroxylamine derivative with insulin sensitizing activity can prevent AAPD provoked fat accumulation in adipocyte cultures, and insulin resistance in animal experiments and in healthy volunteers. The aim of this study was to compare the preventive effect of BGP-15 with conventional oral antidiabetics on metabolic side effects of AAPDs. We found that BGP-15 that does not belong to either conventional insulin sensitizers or oral antidiabetics, is able to counteract insulin resistance and weight gain provoked by antipsychotic agents in rats while rosiglitazone and metformin were not effective in the applied doses. Our results confirm that BGP-15 is a promising new drug candidate to control the metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics. Data indicate that this rat model is suitable to analyze the metabolic side effects of AAPDs and the protective mechanism of BGP-15.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gohlke JM, Dhurandhar EJ, Correll CU, Morrato EH, Newcomer JW, Remington G, Nasrallah HA, Crystal S, Nicol G, Allison DB. Recent advances in understanding and mitigating adipogenic and metabolic effects of antipsychotic drugs. Front Psychiatry 2012; 3:62. [PMID: 22754543 PMCID: PMC3385013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although offering many benefits for several psychiatric disorders, antipsychotic drugs (APDs) as a class have a major liability in their tendency to promote adiposity, obesity, and metabolic dysregulation in an already metabolically vulnerable population. The past decade has witnessed substantial research aimed at investigating the mechanisms of these adverse effects and mitigating them. On July 11 and 12, 2011, with support from 2 NIH institutes, leading experts convened to discuss current research findings and to consider future research strategies. Five areas where significant advances are being made emerged from the conference: (1) methodological issues in the study of APD effects; (2) unique characteristics and needs of pediatric patients; (3) genetic components underlying susceptibility to APD-induced metabolic effects; (4) APD effects on weight gain and adiposity in relation to their acute effects on glucose regulation and diabetes risk; and (5) the utility of behavioral, dietary, and pharmacological interventions in mitigating APD-induced metabolic side effects. This paper summarizes the major conclusions and important supporting data from the meeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Gohlke
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|