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Huang X, Wang X, Sun Y, Li L, Li A, Xu W, Xie X, Diao Y. Bleomycin promotes rAAV2 transduction via DNA-PKcs/Artemis-mediated DNA break repair pathways. Virology 2024; 590:109959. [PMID: 38100984 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Because it is safe and has a simple genome, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is an extremely appealing vector for delivery in in vivo gene therapy. However, its low transduction efficiency for some cells, limits its further application in the field of gene therapy. Bleomycin is a chemotherapeutic agent approved by the FDA whose effect on rAAV transduction has not been studied. In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of Bleomycin on the second-strand synthesis and used CRISPR/CAS9 and RNAi methods to understand the effects of Bleomycin on rAAV vector transduction, particularly the effect of DNA repair enzymes. The results showed that Bleomycin could promote rAAV2 transduction both in vivo and in vitro. Increased transduction was discovered to be a direct result of decreased cytoplasmic rAAV particle degradation and increased second-strand synthesis. TDP1, PNKP, and SETMAR are required to repair the DNA damage gap caused by Bleomycin, TDP1, PNKP, and SETMAR promote rAAV second-strand synthesis. Bleomycin induced DNA-PKcs phosphorylation and phosphorylated DNA-PKcs and Artemis promoted second-strand synthesis. The current study identifies an effective method for increasing the capability and scope of in-vivo and in-vitro rAAV applications, which can amplify cell transduction at Bleomycin concentrations. It also supplies information on combining tumor gene therapy with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Anna Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China.
| | - Yong Diao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China.
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2
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Tumor antigen-loaded AAV vaccine drives protective immunity in a melanoma animal model. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 28:301-311. [PMID: 36851984 PMCID: PMC9957711 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously described therapeutic opportunities provided by capsid- and expression cassette-optimized adeno-associated virus serotype 6 (AAV6) vectors to suppress tumor growth in both solid and metastatic mouse models by using artificial ovalbumin (OVA) immunogen. In the current study, we further elucidated the mechanism of function of a novel AAV-based vaccine loaded with the melanoma tumor-associated antigens premelanosome protein gp100, tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (TRP2). We showed that the AAV6-based vaccine creates cellular and humoral antigen-specific responses, while antigen expression at the site of vaccine injection was temporal, and the clearance of antigen coincided with T cell infiltration. Our data revealed the superior protective immune response of optimized AAV6-TRP1 compared with other self-antigens in a disease-free mouse model. We further assessed the ability of AAV6-TRP1 to protect animals from metastatic spread in the lungs and to extend animal survival by inhibiting solid tumor growth. Flow cytometry-based analysis indicated significant infiltration of CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in the tumor site, as well as changes in the polarization of intratumoral macrophages. Altogether, our data strongly support the use of optimized AAV vectors for cancer vaccine development.
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3
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Prasad S, Dimmock DP, Greenberg B, Walia JS, Sadhu C, Tavakkoli F, Lipshutz GS. Immune Responses and Immunosuppressive Strategies for Adeno-Associated Virus-Based Gene Therapy for Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders: Current Knowledge and Approaches. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:1228-1245. [PMID: 35994385 PMCID: PMC9808800 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are being increasingly used as gene therapy vectors in clinical studies especially targeting central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Correspondingly, host immune responses to the AAV capsid or the transgene-encoded protein have been observed in various clinical and preclinical studies. Such immune responses may adversely impact patients' health, prevent viral transduction, prevent repeated dosing strategies, eliminate transduced cells, and pose a significant barrier to the potential effectiveness of AAV gene therapy. Consequently, multiple immunomodulatory strategies have been used in attempts to limit immune-mediated responses to the vector, enable readministration of AAV gene therapy, prevent end-organ toxicity, and increase the duration of transgene-encoded protein expression. Herein we review the innate and adaptive immune responses that may occur during CNS-targeted AAV gene therapy as well as host- and treatment-specific factors that could impact the immune response. We also summarize the available preclinical and clinical data on immune responses specifically to CNS-targeted AAV gene therapy and discuss potential strategies for incorporating prophylactic immunosuppression regimens to circumvent adverse immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David P. Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jagdeep S. Walia
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | | | - Gerald S. Lipshutz
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Surgery, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Correspondence: Prof. Gerald S. Lipshutz, Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Surgery, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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4
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Buscara L, Gross DA, Daniele N. Of rAAV and Men: From Genetic Neuromuscular Disorder Efficacy and Toxicity Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials and Back. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E258. [PMID: 33260623 PMCID: PMC7768510 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders are a large group of rare pathologies characterised by skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness, with the common involvement of respiratory and/or cardiac muscles. These diseases lead to life-long motor deficiencies and specific organ failures, and are, in their worst-case scenarios, life threatening. Amongst other causes, they can be genetically inherited through mutations in more than 500 different genes. In the last 20 years, specific pharmacological treatments have been approved for human usage. However, these "à-la-carte" therapies cover only a very small portion of the clinical needs and are often partially efficient in alleviating the symptoms of the disease, even less so in curing it. Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector-mediated gene transfer is a more general strategy that could be adapted for a large majority of these diseases and has proved very efficient in rescuing the symptoms in many neuropathological animal models. On this solid ground, several clinical trials are currently being conducted with the whole-body delivery of the therapeutic vectors. This review recapitulates the state-of-the-art tools for neuron and muscle-targeted gene therapy, and summarises the main findings of the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) trials. Despite promising efficacy results, serious adverse events of various severities were observed in these trials. Possible leads for second-generation products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David-Alexandre Gross
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; (L.B.); (D.-A.G.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
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5
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IRAP-dependent endosomal T cell receptor signalling is essential for T cell responses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2779. [PMID: 32487999 PMCID: PMC7265453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) activation is modulated by mechanisms such as TCR endocytosis, which is thought to terminate TCR signalling. Here we show that, upon internalization, TCR continues to signal from a set of specialized endosomes that are crucial for T cell functions. Mechanistically, TCR ligation leads to clathrin-mediated internalization of the TCR-CD3ζ complex, while maintaining CD3ζ signalling, in endosomal vesicles that contain the insulin responsive aminopeptidase (IRAP) and the SNARE protein Syntaxin 6. Destabilization of this compartment through IRAP deletion enhances plasma membrane expression of the TCR-CD3ζ complex, yet compromises overall CD3ζ signalling; moreover, the integrity of this compartment is also crucial for T cell activation and survival after suboptimal TCR activation, as mice engineered with a T cell-specific deletion of IRAP fail to develop efficient polyclonal anti-tumour responses. Our results thus reveal a previously unappreciated function of IRAP-dependent endosomal TCR signalling in T cell activation. T cell receptors (TCR) are internalized when activated by their ligands. Here the authors show that the internalized TCRs are localized to endosomes expressing IRAP and Syntaxin 6 to maintain intracellular signalling capacity, whose importance is shown by the absence of efficient polyclonal anti-tumour response in mice with T-specific conditional deletion of IRAP.
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Kraszewska I, Tomczyk M, Andrysiak K, Biniecka M, Geisler A, Fechner H, Zembala M, Stępniewski J, Dulak J, Jaźwa-Kusior A. Variability in Cardiac miRNA-122 Level Determines Therapeutic Potential of miRNA-Regulated AAV Vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:1190-1201. [PMID: 32518806 PMCID: PMC7270145 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemically delivered adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9) effectively transduces murine heart, but provides transgene expression also in liver and skeletal muscles. Improvement of the selectivity of transgene expression can be achieved through incorporation of target sites (TSs) for miRNA-122 and miRNA-206 into the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of the expression cassette. Here, we aimed to generate such miRNA-122- and miRNA-206-regulated AAV9 vector for a therapeutic, heart-specific overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We successfully validated the vector functionality in murine cell lines corresponding to tissues targeted by AAV9. Next, we evaluated biodistribution of transgene expression following systemic vector delivery to HO-1-deficient mice of mixed C57BL/6J × FVB genetic background. Although AAV genomes were present in the hearts of these animals, HO-1 protein expression was either absent or significantly impaired. We found that miRNA-122, earlier described as liver specific, was present also in the hearts of C57BL/6J × FVB mice. Various levels of miRNA-122 expression were observed in the hearts of other mouse strains, in heart tissues of patients with cardiomyopathy, and in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in which we also confirmed such posttranscriptional regulation of transgene expression. Our data clearly indicate that therapeutic utilization of miRNA-based regulation strategy needs to consider inter-individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kraszewska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Tomczyk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kalina Andrysiak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Anja Geisler
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Fechner
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michał Zembala
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Lung Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jacek Stępniewski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Kardio-Med Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jaźwa-Kusior
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Corresponding author Agnieszka Jaźwa-Kusior, PhD, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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7
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Krotova K, Day A, Aslanidi G. An Engineered AAV6-Based Vaccine Induces High Cytolytic Anti-Tumor Activity by Directly Targeting DCs and Improves Ag Presentation. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 15:166-177. [PMID: 31720373 PMCID: PMC6838889 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that an AAV6-based vaccine generates high levels of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Further modifications described here led to significantly increased levels of antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, enhanced formation of memory cells, and superior antigen-specific killing capacity in a murine model. By tracking reporter-gene-positive dendritic cells, we showed that they were directly targeted with modified AAV6 in vivo. Our vaccine's anti-cancer potential was evaluated with the antigen ovalbumin against a B16F10 melanoma cell line stably expressing ovalbumin. The vaccination showed superior protection in a murine model of metastatic melanoma. The vaccination significantly delayed solid tumor growth but did not completely prevent tumor development. We show that tumors in immunized mice escaped vaccine-induced killing by losing ovalbumin expression. The vaccine induced massive tumor infiltration with NK and CD8+ T cells with upregulated PD-1 expression. Thus, a vaccination of a combination of anti-PD-1 antibodies demonstrated significant improvement in the treatment efficacy. To summarize, we showed that a bioengineered AAV6-based vaccine elicits strong and long-lasting cellular and humoral responses against an encoded antigen. To increase AAV vaccine efficiency and mitigate tumor escape through antigen loss, we intended to target several antigens in combination with treatments targeting the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Krotova
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Andrew Day
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - George Aslanidi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
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8
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Crommelin DJA, Mastrobattista E, Hawe A, Hoogendoorn KH, Jiskoot W. Shifting Paradigms Revisited: Biotechnology and the Pharmaceutical Sciences. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:30-43. [PMID: 31449815 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In 2003, Crommelin et al. published an article titled: "Shifting paradigms: biopharmaceuticals versus low molecular weight drugs" (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(03)00376-4). In the present commentary, 16 years later, we discuss pharmaceutically relevant aspects of the evolution of biologics since then. First, we discuss the increasing repertoire of biologics, in particular, the rapidly growing monoclonal antibody family and the advent of advanced therapy medicinal products. Next, we discuss trends in formulation and characterization as well as summarize our current insights into immunogenicity of biologics. We spend a separate section on new product(ion) paradigms for biologics, such as cell-free production systems, production of advanced therapy medicinal products, and downscaled production approaches. Furthermore, we share our views on issues related to reaching the patient, including routes and techniques of administration, alternative development models for affordable biologics, biosimilars, and handling of biologics. In the concluding section, we outline outstanding issues and make some suggestions for resolving those.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karin H Hoogendoorn
- Leiden University Medical Center, Hospital Pharmacy, Interdivisional GMP Facility, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Coriolis Pharma, Martinsried, Germany; Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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9
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Bartolo L, Li Chung Tong S, Chappert P, Urbain D, Collaud F, Colella P, Richard I, Ronzitti G, Demengeot J, Gross DA, Mingozzi F, Davoust J. Dual muscle-liver transduction imposes immune tolerance for muscle transgene engraftment despite preexisting immunity. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127008. [PMID: 31167976 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to therapeutic transgenes are a potential hurdle to treat monogenic muscle disorders. These responses result from the neutralizing activity of transgene-specific B cells and cytotoxic T cells recruited upon gene transfer. We explored here how dual muscle-liver expression of a foreign transgene allows muscle transgene engraftment after adenoassociated viral vector delivery. We found in particular that induction of transgene-specific tolerance is imposed by concurrent muscle and liver targeting, resulting in the absence of CD8+ T cell responses to the transgene. This tolerance can be temporally decoupled, because transgene engraftment can be achieved in muscle weeks after liver transduction. Importantly, transgene-specific CD8+ T cell tolerance can be established despite preexisting immunity to the transgene. Whenever preexisting, transgene-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell responses are present, dual muscle-liver transduction turns polyclonal, transgene-specific CD8+ T cells into typically exhausted T cells with high programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression and lack of IFN-γ production. Our results demonstrate that successful transduction of muscle tissue can be achieved through liver-mediated control of humoral and cytotoxic T cell responses, even in the presence of preexisting immunity to the muscle-associated transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bartolo
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Li Chung Tong
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Chappert
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Urbain
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Collaud
- Integrare Research Unit UMR S951, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Evry, France
| | - Pasqualina Colella
- Integrare Research Unit UMR S951, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Evry, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Integrare Research Unit UMR S951, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Evry, France
| | - Giuseppe Ronzitti
- Integrare Research Unit UMR S951, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Evry, France
| | | | - David A Gross
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Integrare Research Unit UMR S951, Genethon, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Evry, France
| | - Jean Davoust
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
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10
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Cross-Presentation of Skin-Targeted Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus 2/1 Transgene Induces Potent Resident Memory CD8 + T Cell Responses. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01334-18. [PMID: 30541847 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01334-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A key aspect to consider for vaccinal protection is the induction of a local line of defense consisting of nonrecirculating tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), in parallel to the generation of systemic memory CD8+ T cell responses. The potential to induce TRM has now been demonstrated for a number of pathogens and viral vectors. This potential, however, has never been tested for recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors, which are weakly inflammatory and poor transducer of dendritic cells. Using a model rAAV2/1-based vaccine, we determined that a single intradermal immunization with rAAV2/1 vectors in mice induces fully functional TRM at the local site of immunization. The optimal differentiation of rAAV-induced transgene-specific skin TRM was dependent on local transgene expression and additional CD4+ T cell help. Transgene expression in dendritic cells, however, appeared to be dispensable for the priming of transgene-specific skin TRM, suggesting that this process solely depends on the cross-presentation of transgene products. Overall, this study provides needed information to properly assess rAAV vectors as T cell-inducing vaccine carriers.IMPORTANCE rAAVs display numerous characteristics that could make them extremely attractive as vaccine carriers, including an excellent safety profile in humans and great flexibility regarding serotypes and choice of target tissue. Studies addressing the ability of rAAV to induce protective T cell responses, however, are scarce. Notably, the potential to induce a tissue-resident memory T cell response has never been described for rAAV vectors, strongly limiting further interest for their use as vaccine carriers. Using a model rAAV2/1 vaccine delivered to the skin, our study demonstrated that rAAV vectors can induce bona fide skin resident TRM and provides additional clues regarding the cellular mechanisms underlying this process. These results will help widen the field of rAAV applications.
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11
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Herzog RW, Cooper M, Perrin GQ, Biswas M, Martino AT, Morel L, Terhorst C, Hoffman BE. Regulatory T cells and TLR9 activation shape antibody formation to a secreted transgene product in AAV muscle gene transfer. Cell Immunol 2017; 342:103682. [PMID: 28888664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene delivery to skeletal muscle is being explored for systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins. To better understand the signals that govern antibody formation against secreted transgene products in this approach, we administered an intramuscular dose of AAV1 vector expressing human coagulation factor IX (hFIX), which does not cause antibody formation against hFIX in C57BL/6 mice. Interestingly, co-administration of a TLR9 agonist (CpG-deoxyoligonucleotide, ODN) but not of lipopolysaccharide, caused a transient anti-hFIX response. ODN activated monocyte-derived dendritic cells and enhanced T follicular helper cell responses. While depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) also caused an antibody response, TLR9 activation combined with Treg depletion instead resulted in prolonged CD8+ T cell infiltration of transduced muscle. Thus, Tregs modulate the response to the TLR9 agonist. Further, Treg re-population eventually resolved humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, specific modes of TLR9 activation and Tregs orchestrate antibody formation in muscle gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland W Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Mario Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - George Q Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ashley T Martino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Investigation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brad E Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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12
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Ghenassia A, Gross DA, Lorain S, Tros F, Urbain D, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Charbit A, Davoust J, Chappert P. Intradermal Immunization with rAAV1 Vector Induces Robust Memory CD8 + T Cell Responses Independently of Transgene Expression in DCs. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2309-2322. [PMID: 28720467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors exhibit interesting properties as vaccine carriers for their ability to induce long-lasting antibody responses. However, rAAV-based vaccines have been suggested to trigger functionally impaired long-term memory CD8+ T cell responses, in part due to poor dendritic cell (DC) transduction. Such results, albeit limited to intramuscular immunization, undermined the use of rAAV as vaccine vehicles against intracellular pathogens. We report here that intradermal immunization with a model rAAV2/1-based vaccine drives the development of bona fide long-term memory CD8+ T cell responses. The intradermal route of immunization and the presence of potent major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II responses showed synergistic effects on the overall quantity and quality of systemic long-term effector memory transgene-specific CD8+ T cells being generated against the transgene. Of key interest, we found that the induction of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) following intradermal immunization was solely dependent on the cross-presentation of skin-expressed transgene products, which appeared highly enhanced as compared to muscle-expressed transgene products. Overall our results highlight key tissue-specific differences in transgene presentation pathway requirements of importance for the design of rAAV-based T cell-inducing vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Ghenassia
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - David-Alexandre Gross
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Lorain
- Myology Research Center, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE 3617, Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Tros
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Urbain
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat
- Myology Research Center, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE 3617, Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alain Charbit
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Jean Davoust
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France.
| | - Pascal Chappert
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75743 Paris, France.
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Boisgérault F, Mingozzi F. The Skeletal Muscle Environment and Its Role in Immunity and Tolerance to AAV Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer. Curr Gene Ther 2015; 15:381-94. [PMID: 26122097 PMCID: PMC4515578 DOI: 10.2174/1566523215666150630121750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the early days of gene therapy, muscle has been one the most studied tissue targets for the correction of enzyme deficiencies and myopathies. Several preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. Exciting progress has been made in the gene delivery technologies, from the identification of novel AAV serotypes to the development of novel vector delivery techniques. In parallel, significant knowledge has been generated on the host immune system and its interaction with both the vector and the transgene at the muscle level. In particular, the role of underlying muscle inflammation, characteristic of several diseases affecting the muscle, has been defined in terms of its potential detrimental impact on gene transfer with AAV vectors. At the same time, feedback immunomodulatory mechanisms peculiar of skeletal muscle involving resident regulatory T cells have been identified, which seem to play an important role in maintaining, at least to some extent, muscle homeostasis during inflammation and regenerative processes. Devising strategies to tip this balance towards unresponsiveness may represent an avenue to improve the safety and efficacy of muscle gene transfer with AAV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Genethon, Evry, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
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