1
|
Aparicio C, Acebal C, González-Vallinas M. Current approaches to develop "off-the-shelf" chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells for cancer treatment: a systematic review. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:73. [PMID: 37605218 PMCID: PMC10440917 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is one of the most promising advances in cancer treatment. It is based on genetically modified T cells to express a CAR, which enables the recognition of the specific tumour antigen of interest. To date, CAR-T cell therapies approved for commercialisation are designed to treat haematological malignancies, showing impressive clinical efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory advanced-stage tumours. However, since they all use the patient´s own T cells as starting material (i.e. autologous use), they have important limitations, including manufacturing delays, high production costs, difficulties in standardising the preparation process, and production failures due to patient T cell dysfunction. Therefore, many efforts are currently being devoted to contribute to the development of safe and effective therapies for allogeneic use, which should be designed to overcome the most important risks they entail: immune rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). This systematic review brings together the wide range of different approaches that have been studied to achieve the production of allogeneic CAR-T cell therapies and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of every strategy. The methods were classified in two major categories: those involving extra genetic modifications, in addition to CAR integration, and those relying on the selection of alternative cell sources/subpopulations for allogeneic CAR-T cell production (i.e. γδ T cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), umbilical cord blood T cells, memory T cells subpopulations, virus-specific T cells and cytokine-induced killer cells). We have observed that, although genetic modification of T cells is the most widely used approach, new approaches combining both methods have emerged. However, more preclinical and clinical research is needed to determine the most appropriate strategy to bring this promising antitumour therapy to the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Aparicio
- Unit of Excellence Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics of Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid (UVa)-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Acebal
- Unit of Excellence Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics of Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid (UVa)-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Margarita González-Vallinas
- Unit of Excellence Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics of Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid (UVa)-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sudarsanam H, Buhmann R, Henschler R. Influence of Culture Conditions on Ex Vivo Expansion of T Lymphocytes and Their Function for Therapy: Current Insights and Open Questions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:886637. [PMID: 35845425 PMCID: PMC9277485 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.886637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion of T lymphocytes is a central process in the generation of cellular therapies targeted at tumors and other disease-relevant structures, which currently cannot be reached by established pharmaceuticals. The influence of culture conditions on T cell functions is, however, incompletely understood. In clinical applications of ex vivo expanded T cells, so far, a relatively classical standard cell culture methodology has been established. The expanded cells have been characterized in both preclinical models and clinical studies mainly using a therapeutic endpoint, for example antitumor response and cytotoxic function against cellular targets, whereas the influence of manipulations of T cells ex vivo including transduction and culture expansion has been studied to a much lesser detail, or in many contexts remains unknown. This includes the circulation behavior of expanded T cells after intravenous application, their intracellular metabolism and signal transduction, and their cytoskeletal (re)organization or their adhesion, migration, and subsequent intra-tissue differentiation. This review aims to provide an overview of established T cell expansion methodologies and address unanswered questions relating in vivo interaction of ex vivo expanded T cells for cellular therapy.
Collapse
|
3
|
O'Neill TJ, Seeholzer T, Gewies A, Gehring T, Giesert F, Hamp I, Graß C, Schmidt H, Kriegsmann K, Tofaute MJ, Demski K, Poth T, Rosenbaum M, Schnalzger T, Ruland J, Göttlicher M, Kriegsmann M, Naumann R, Heissmeyer V, Plettenburg O, Wurst W, Krappmann D. TRAF6 prevents fatal inflammation by homeostatic suppression of MALT1 protease. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabh2095. [PMID: 34767456 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abh2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J O'Neill
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Seeholzer
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Gewies
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Torben Gehring
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Giesert
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Hamp
- Institute for Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 30167 Hannover, Germany.,Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carina Graß
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Schmidt
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie J Tofaute
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Demski
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Poth
- Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology (CMCP), Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rosenbaum
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Schnalzger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Göttlicher
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Transgenic Core Facility, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.,Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Institute for Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 30167 Hannover, Germany.,Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|