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Chen YF, Luh F, Ho YS, Yen Y. Exosomes: a review of biologic function, diagnostic and targeted therapy applications, and clinical trials. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:67. [PMID: 38992695 PMCID: PMC11238361 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles generated by all cells and they carry nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. They mediate the exchange of substances between cells,thereby affecting biological properties and activities of recipient cells. In this review, we briefly discuss the composition of exocomes and exosome isolation. We also review the clinical applications of exosomes in cancer biology as well as strategies in exosome-mediated targeted drug delivery systems. Finally, the application of exosomes in the context of cancer therapeutics both in practice and literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Chen
- International Master Program in Translation Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23564, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23564, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Translational Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23564, Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Frank Luh
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, Covina, CA, 91722, USA
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
| | - Yun Yen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal WanFang Hospital, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Translational Research, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
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Kim T, Han HS, Yang K, Kim YM, Nam K, Park KH, Choi SY, Park HW, Choi KY, Roh YH. Nanoengineered Polymeric RNA Nanoparticles for Controlled Biodistribution and Efficient Targeted Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7972-7988. [PMID: 38445578 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
RNA nanotechnology, including rolling circle transcription (RCT), has gained increasing interest as a fascinating siRNA delivery nanoplatform for biostable and tumor-targetable RNA-based therapies. However, due to the lack of fine-tuning technologies for RNA nanostructures, the relationship between physicochemical properties and siRNA efficacy of polymeric siRNA nanoparticles (PRNs) with different sizes has not yet been fully elucidated. Herein, we scrutinized the effects of size/surface chemistry-tuned PRNs on the biological and physiological interactions with tumors. PRNs with adjusted size and surface properties were prepared using sequential engineering processes: RCT, condensation, and nanolayer deposition of functional biopolymers. Through the RCT process, nanoparticles of three sizes with a diameter of 50-200 nm were fabricated and terminated with three types of biopolymers: poly-l-lysine (PLL), poly-l-glutamate (PLG), and hyaluronic acid (HA) for different surface properties. Among the PRNs, HA-layered nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼200 nm exhibited the most effective systemic delivery, resulting in superior anticancer effects in an orthotopic breast tumor model due to the CD44 receptor targeting and optimized nanosized structure. Depending on the type of PRNs, the in vivo siRNA delivery with protein expression inhibition differed by up to approximately 20-fold. These findings indicate that the types of layered biopolymers and the PRNs size mediate efficient polymeric siRNA delivery to the targeted tumors, resulting in high RNAi-induced therapeutic efficacy. This RNA-nanotechnology-based size/surface editing can overcome the limitations of siRNA therapeutics and represents a potent built-in module method to design RNA therapeutics tailored for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Seung Han
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukjeon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjik Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonwook Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Young Choi
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukjeon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukjeon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Chen K, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Chu H, Huang K, Shao X, Asakiya C, Huang K, Xu W. Insights into nucleic acid-based self-assembling nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery and controlled drug release. J Control Release 2021; 341:869-891. [PMID: 34952045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, rapid advances of nucleic acid nanotechnology always drive the development of nanoassemblies with programmable design, powerful functionality, excellent biocompatibility and outstanding biosafety. Nowadays, nucleic acid-based self-assembling nanocarriers (NASNs) play an increasingly greater role in the research and development in biomedical studies, particularly in drug delivery, release and targeting. In this review, NASNs are systematically summarized the strategies cooperated with their broad applications in drug delivery. We first discuss the self-assembling methods of nanocarriers comprised of DNA, RNA and composite materials, and summarize various categories of targeting media, including aptamers, small molecule ligands and proteins. Furthermore, drug release strategies by smart-responding multiple kinds of stimuli are explained, and various applications of NASNs in drug delivery are discussed, including protein drugs, nucleic acid drugs, small molecule drugs and nanodrugs. Lastly, we propose limitations and potential of NASNs in the future development, and expect that NASNs enable facilitate the development of new-generation drug vectors to assist in solving the growing demands on disease diagnosis and therapy or other biomedicine-related applications in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Chen
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yangzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huashuo Chu
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangli Shao
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Charles Asakiya
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China.
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Binzel DW, Li X, Burns N, Khan E, Lee WJ, Chen LC, Ellipilli S, Miles W, Ho YS, Guo P. Thermostability, Tunability, and Tenacity of RNA as Rubbery Anionic Polymeric Materials in Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine-Specific Cancer Targeting with Undetectable Toxicity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7398-7467. [PMID: 34038115 PMCID: PMC8312718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA nanotechnology is the bottom-up self-assembly of nanometer-scale architectures, resembling LEGOs, composed mainly of RNA. The ideal building material should be (1) versatile and controllable in shape and stoichiometry, (2) spontaneously self-assemble, and (3) thermodynamically, chemically, and enzymatically stable with a long shelf life. RNA building blocks exhibit each of the above. RNA is a polynucleic acid, making it a polymer, and its negative-charge prevents nonspecific binding to negatively charged cell membranes. The thermostability makes it suitable for logic gates, resistive memory, sensor set-ups, and NEM devices. RNA can be designed and manipulated with a level of simplicity of DNA while displaying versatile structure and enzyme activity of proteins. RNA can fold into single-stranded loops or bulges to serve as mounting dovetails for intermolecular or domain interactions without external linking dowels. RNA nanoparticles display rubber- and amoeba-like properties and are stretchable and shrinkable through multiple repeats, leading to enhanced tumor targeting and fast renal excretion to reduce toxicities. It was predicted in 2014 that RNA would be the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development. The recent approval of several RNA drugs and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines by FDA suggests that this milestone is being realized. Here, we review the unique properties of RNA nanotechnology, summarize its recent advancements, describe its distinct attributes inside or outside the body and discuss potential applications in nanotechnology, medicine, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nicolas Burns
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Eshan Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Satheesh Ellipilli
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yuan Soon Ho
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Li C, Luo S, Wang J, Shen Z, Wu ZS. Nuclease-resistant signaling nanostructures made entirely of DNA oligonucleotides. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7034-7051. [PMID: 33889882 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00197c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid probes have the advantages of excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, versatile functionalities and remarkable programmability. However, the low biostability of nucleic acid probes under complex physiological conditions limits their in vivo application. Despite impressive progress in the development of inorganic material-mediated biostable nucleic acid nanostructures, uncertain systemic toxicity of composite nanocarriers has hindered their application in living organisms. In the field of biomedicine, as a promising alternative capable of avoiding potential cytotoxicity, biologically stable nanostructures composed entirely of DNA oligonucleotides have been rapidly developed in recent years, offering an exciting in vivo tool for cancer diagnosis and clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the development of nuclease-resistant DNA nanostructures with different geometrical shapes, such as tetrahedron, octahedron, DNA triangular prism (DTP), DNA nanotubes and DNA origami, introduce innovative assembly strategies, and discuss unique structural advantages and especially biological applications in cellular imaging and targeted drug delivery in an organism. Finally, we conclude with the challenges in the clinical development of DNA nanostructures and present an outlook of the future of this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Yin F, Xu X, Liu L, Xue Q, Tong L, Jiang W, Li C. A facile DNA/RNA nanoflower for sensitive imaging of telomerase RNA in living cells based on "zipper lock-and-key" strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 147:111788. [PMID: 31671380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive imaging of telomerase RNA (TR) in living cells is crucial for improved guidance in cancer clinical diagnosis because its expression level is closely related to malignant diseases. The efficient delivery of multiple nucleic acid probes to target cells is critical for nucleic acid-based methods to successfully image low-abundance TR in living cells. While novel nanomaterials enhance delivery efficiency, uncontrolled loading and slow intracellular release remain major challenges for multiple-probe delivery. Here, we designed a facile DNA/RNA nanoflower (NF) to perform the controlled loading of multiple probes and rapid intracellular release based on the "zipper lock-and-key" strategy. First, a long RNA generated by rolling circle transcription acts as both the "smart zipper lock" and the delivery carrier to alternately lock multiple functional DNAs through DNA-RNA base pairing, and the resulting RNA/DNA hybrids self-assemble into packed NFs. The functional DNAs include the fluorescence molecular beacon H1 for TR recognition, H2 for hybrid chain reaction (HCR) and DNA-cholesterol for size control. After NF internalization by the cells, the intracellular RNase H acts as the "key" to specifically open the DNA/RNA NFs by cleaving the RNA in the DNA/RNA hybrid, releasing high amounts of H1 and H2 in a confined space and thereby facilitating the HCR amplification analysis of cytoplasmic TR. With the addition of a DNA-nuclear localization peptide component in the same NF, nuclear TR can also be sensitively detected. Compared with the regular H1/H2 mixture, the DNA/RNA NFs produced a higher-contrast fluorescence signal. This indicated that the proposed strategy allowed the side arms of H1/H2 to be sealed into the RNA sequence-programmed "zipper lock" by controlled loading, avoiding mutual nonspecific H1/H2 hybridization. In addition, due to the fast kinetics of the RNase endonuclease reaction, the loaded H1/H2 was quickly released. Furthermore, the strategy was successfully used to assay the expression levels of TR in HeLa, HepG2 and HL-7702 cells, demonstrating that this approach holds the potential for the sensitive detection of low-abundance biomarkers in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, PR China; Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, PR China
| | - Liqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, PR China
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, PR China
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
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Jasinski DL, Binzel DW, Guo P. One-Pot Production of RNA Nanoparticles via Automated Processing and Self-Assembly. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4603-4612. [PMID: 30888787 PMCID: PMC6542271 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
From the original sequencing of the human genome, it was found that about 98.5% of the genome did not code for proteins. Subsequent studies have now revealed that a much larger portion of the genome is related to short or long noncoding RNAs that regulate cellular activities. In addition to the milestones of chemical and protein drugs, it has been proposed that RNA drugs or drugs targeting RNA will become the third milestone in drug development ( Shu , Y. ; Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2014 , 66 , 74 . ). Currently, the yield and cost for RNA nanoparticle or RNA drug production requires improvement in order to advance the RNA field in both research and clinical translation by reducing the multiple tedious manufacturing steps. For example, with 98.5% incorporation efficiency of chemical synthesis of a 100 nucleotide RNA strand, RNA oligos will result with 78% contamination of aborted byproducts. Thus, RNA nanotechnology is one of the remedies, because large RNA can be assembled from small RNA fragments via bottom-up self-assembly. Here we report the one-pot production of RNA nanoparticles via automated processing and self-assembly. The continuous production of RNA by rolling circle transcription (RCT) using a circular dsDNA template is coupled with self-cleaving ribozymes encoded in the concatemeric RNA transcripts. Production was monitored in real-time. Automatic production of RNA fragments enabled their assembly either in situ or via one-pot co-transcription to obtain RNA nanoparticles of desired motifs and functionalities from bottom-up assembly of multiple RNA fragments. In combination with the RNA nanoparticle construction process, a purification method using a large-scale electrophoresis column was also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Li X, Zheng F, Ren R. Detecting miRNA by producing RNA: a sensitive assay that combines rolling-circle DNA polymerization and rolling circle transcription. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:11976-9. [PMID: 26120604 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01748c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Target miRNA was detected by producing RNA: rolling circle polymerization (RCP) and rolling circle transcription (RCT) were interlinked to provide dual amplification, producing multiplied malachite green (MG) aptamers, and a signal was generated by the SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) quantification of the MG molecules that were bound to the transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China.
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Khisamutdinov EF, Li H, Jasinski DL, Chen J, Fu J, Guo P. Enhancing immunomodulation on innate immunity by shape transition among RNA triangle, square and pentagon nanovehicles. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:9996-10004. [PMID: 25092921 PMCID: PMC4150753 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of immune response is important in cancer immunotherapy, vaccine adjuvant development and inflammatory or immune disease therapy. Here we report the development of new immunomodulators via control of shape transition among RNA triangle, square and pentagon. Changing one RNA strand in polygons automatically induced the stretching of the interior angle from 60° to 90° or 108°, resulting in self-assembly of elegant RNA triangles, squares and pentagons. When immunological adjuvants were incorporated, their immunomodulation effect for cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 induction was greatly enhanced in vitro and in animals up to 100-fold, while RNA polygon controls induced unnoticeable effect. The RNA nanoparticles were delivered to macrophages specifically. The degree of immunostimulation greatly depended on the size, shape and number of the payload per nanoparticles. Stronger immune response was observed when the number of adjuvants per polygon was increased, demonstrating the advantage of shape transition from triangle to pentagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil F Khisamutdinov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Markey Cancer Center, Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Markey Cancer Center, Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Daniel L Jasinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Markey Cancer Center, Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jiao Chen
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jian Fu
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Markey Cancer Center, Nanobiotechnology Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Han D, Park Y, Kim H, Lee JB. Self-assembly of free-standing RNA membranes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4367. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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