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Avdellidou C, Delbo' M, Nesvorný D, Walsh KJ, Morbidelli A. Dating the Solar System's giant planet orbital instability using enstatite meteorites. Science 2024; 384:348-352. [PMID: 38624242 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg8092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The giant planets of the Solar System formed on initially compact orbits, which transitioned to the current wider configuration by means of an orbital instability. The timing of that instability is poorly constrained. In this work, we use dynamical simulations to demonstrate that the instability implanted planetesimal fragments from the terrestrial planet region into the asteroid main belt. We use meteorite data to show that the implantation occurred >60 million years (Myr) after the Solar System began to form. Combining this constraint with a previous upper limit derived from Jupiter's trojan asteroids, we conclude that the orbital instability occurred 60 to 100 Myr after the beginning of Solar System formation. The giant impact that formed the Moon occurred within this range, so it might be related to the giant planet instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysa Avdellidou
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur, 06304 Nice, France
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Marco Delbo'
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur, 06304 Nice, France
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Kevin J Walsh
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Alessandro Morbidelli
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur, 06304 Nice, France
- Collège de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, 75014 Paris, France
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Nicholson U, Bray VJ, Gulick SPS, Aduomahor B. The Nadir Crater offshore West Africa: A candidate Cretaceous-Paleogene impact structure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3096. [PMID: 35977017 PMCID: PMC9385158 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of marine target impacts, binary impact craters, or impact clusters are rare on Earth. Seismic reflection data from the Guinea Plateau, West Africa, reveal a ≥8.5-km-wide structure buried below ~300 to 400 m of Paleogene sediment with characteristics consistent with a complex impact crater. These include an elevated rim above a terraced crater floor, a pronounced central uplift, and extensive subsurface deformation. Numerical simulations of crater formation indicate a marine target (~800-m water depth) impact of a ≥400-m asteroid, resulting in a train of large tsunami waves and the potential release of substantial quantities of greenhouse gases from shallow buried black shale deposits. Our stratigraphic framework suggests that the crater formed at or near the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (~66 million years ago), approximately the same age as the Chicxulub impact crater. We hypothesize that this formed as part of a closely timed impact cluster or by breakup of a common parent asteroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uisdean Nicholson
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronica J. Bray
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sean P. S. Gulick
- Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Benedict Aduomahor
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Xin N, Li X, Jia C, Gong Y, Li M, Wang S, Zhang G, Yang J, Guo X. Tuning Charge Transport in Aromatic-Ring Single-Molecule Junctions via Ionic-Liquid Gating. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14026-14031. [PMID: 30215882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Achieving gate control with atomic precision, which is crucial to the transistor performance on the smallest scale, remains a challenge. Herein we report a new class of aromatic-ring molecular nanotransistors based on graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions by using an ionic-liquid gate. Experimental phenomena and theoretical calculations confirm that this ionic-liquid gate can effectively modulate the alignment between molecular frontier orbitals and the Fermi energy level of graphene electrodes, thus tuning the charge-transport properties of the junctions. In addition, with a small gate voltage (|VG |≤1.5 V) ambipolar charge transport in electrochemically inactive molecular systems (EG >3.5 eV) is realized. These results offer a useful way to build high-performance single-molecule transistors, thus promoting the prospects for molecularly engineered electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yao Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuopei Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Tuning Charge Transport in Aromatic-Ring Single-Molecule Junctions via Ionic-Liquid Gating. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aiba A, Iwane M, Fujii S, Kiguchi M. Electronic Properties of Single Atom and Molecule Junctions. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Aiba
- Department of chemistryTokyo institute of technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551
| | - Madoka Iwane
- Department of chemistryTokyo institute of technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of chemistryTokyo institute of technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of chemistryTokyo institute of technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551
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6
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A collision in 2009 as the origin of the debris trail of asteroid P/2010 A2. Nature 2010; 467:814-6. [PMID: 20944742 DOI: 10.1038/nature09453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The peculiar object P/2010 A2 was discovered in January 2010 and given a cometary designation because of the presence of a trail of material, although there was no central condensation or coma. The appearance of this object, in an asteroidal orbit (small eccentricity and inclination) in the inner main asteroid belt attracted attention as a potential new member of the recently recognized class of main-belt comets. If confirmed, this new object would expand the range in heliocentric distance over which main-belt comets are found. Here we report observations of P/2010 A2 by the Rosetta spacecraft. We conclude that the trail arose from a single event, rather than a period of cometary activity, in agreement with independent results. The trail is made up of relatively large particles of millimetre to centimetre size that remain close to the parent asteroid. The shape of the trail can be explained by an initial impact ejecting large clumps of debris that disintegrated and dispersed almost immediately. We determine that this was an asteroid collision that occurred around 10 February 2009.
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Nesvorný D. Accidental investigation. Nature 2010; 467:792-3. [DOI: 10.1038/467792a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nesvorný D, Vokrouhlický D, Bottke WF. The Breakup of a Main-Belt Asteroid 450 Thousand Years Ago. Science 2006; 312:1490. [PMID: 16763141 DOI: 10.1126/science.1126175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Collisions in the asteroid belt frequently lead to catastrophic breakups, where more than half of the target's mass is ejected into space. Several dozen large asteroids have been disrupted by impacts over the past several billion years. These impact events have produced groups of fragments with similar orbits called asteroid families. Here we report the discovery of a very young asteroid family around the object 1270 Datura. Our work takes advantage of a method for identification of recent breakups in the asteroid belt using catalogs of osculating (i.e., instantaneous) asteroid orbits. The very young families show up in these catalogs as clusters in a five-dimensional space of osculating orbital elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nesvorný
- Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.
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Michel P, Benz W, Richardson DC. Disruption of fragmented parent bodies as the origin of asteroid families. Nature 2003; 421:608-11. [PMID: 12571589 DOI: 10.1038/nature01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2002] [Accepted: 12/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Asteroid families are groups of small bodies that share certain orbit and spectral properties. More than 20 families have now been identified, each believed to have resulted from the collisional break-up of a large parent body in a regime where gravity controls the outcome of the collision more than the material strength of the rock. The size and velocity distributions of the family members provide important constraints for testing our understanding of the break-up process, but erosion and dynamical diffusion of the orbits over time can erase the original signature of the collision. The recently identified young Karin family provides a unique opportunity to study a collisional outcome almost unaffected by orbit evolution. Here we report numerical simulations modelling classes of collisions that reproduce the main characteristics of the Karin family. The sensitivity of the outcome of the collision to the internal structure of the parent body allows us to show that the family must have originated from the break-up of a pre-fragmented parent body, and that all large family members formed by the gravitational reaccumulation of smaller bodies. We argue that most of the identified asteroid families are likely to have had a similar history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Michel
- Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, BP 4229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France.
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Ball P. Asteroids bear birthmarks. Nature 2002. [DOI: 10.1038/news020603-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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