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Leighton TG, Banda N, Berges B, Joseph PF, White PR. Extraterrestrial sound for planetaria: A pedagogical study. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 140:1469. [PMID: 27586771 DOI: 10.1121/1.4960785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this project was to supply an acoustical simulation device to a local planetarium for use in live shows aimed at engaging and inspiring children in science and engineering. The device plays audio simulations of estimates of the sounds produced by natural phenomena to accompany audio-visual presentations and live shows about Venus, Mars, and Titan. Amongst the simulated noise are the sounds of thunder, wind, and cryo-volcanoes. The device can also modify the speech of the presenter (or audience member) in accordance with the underlying physics to reproduce those vocalizations as if they had been produced on the world under discussion. Given that no time series recordings exist of sounds from other worlds, these sounds had to be simulated. The goal was to ensure that the audio simulations were delivered in time for a planetarium's launch show to enable the requested outreach to children. The exercise has also allowed an explanation of the science and engineering behind the creation of the sounds. This has been achieved for young children, and also for older students and undergraduates, who could then debate the limitations of that method.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Leighton
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - N Banda
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - B Berges
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - P F Joseph
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - P R White
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Goldman MV, Newman DL, Lapenta G, Andersson L, Gosling JT, Eriksson S, Markidis S, Eastwood JP, Ergun R. Čerenkov emission of quasiparallel whistlers by fast electron phase-space holes during magnetic reconnection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:145002. [PMID: 24765977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.145002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic simulations of magnetotail reconnection have revealed electromagnetic whistlers originating near the exhaust boundary and propagating into the inflow region. The whistler production mechanism is not a linear instability, but rather is Čerenkov emission of almost parallel whistlers from localized moving clumps of charge (finite-size quasiparticles) associated with nonlinear coherent electron phase space holes. Whistlers are strongly excited by holes without ever growing exponentially. In the simulation the whistlers are emitted in the source region from holes that accelerate down the magnetic separatrix towards the x line. The phase velocity of the whistlers vφ in the source region is everywhere well matched to the hole velocity vH as required by the Čerenkov condition. The simulation shows emission is most efficient near the theoretical maximum vφ=half the electron Alfven speed, consistent with the new theoretical prediction that faster holes radiate more efficiently. While transferring energy to whistlers the holes lose coherence and dissipate over a few local ion inertial lengths. The whistlers, however, propagate to the x line and out over many 10's of ion inertial lengths into the inflow region of reconnection. As the whistlers pass near the x line they modulate the rate at which magnetic field lines reconnect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Goldman
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D L Newman
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - G Lapenta
- Leuven Universiteit, Celestijnenlaan 200B, B-2001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Andersson
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J T Gosling
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S Eriksson
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S Markidis
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J P Eastwood
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - R Ergun
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Geppert WD, Larsson M. Experimental Investigations into Astrophysically Relevant Ionic Reactions. Chem Rev 2013; 113:8872-905. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400258m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolf D. Geppert
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova
University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Mats Larsson
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova
University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
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Daniels JTM, Russell CT, Strangeway RJ, Wei HY, Zhang TL. Whistler mode bursts in the Venus ionosphere due to lightning: Statistical properties using Venus Express magnetometer observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011je003897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Robledo-Martinez A, Sobral H, Ruiz-Meza A. Space charge effects and arc properties of simulated lightning on Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja015856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Robledo-Martinez
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Mexico City Mexico
| | - H. Sobral
- Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City Mexico
| | - A. Ruiz-Meza
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Mexico City Mexico
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Dubrovin D, Nijdam S, van Veldhuizen EM, Ebert U, Yair Y, Price C. Sprite discharges on Venus and Jupiter-like planets: A laboratory investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Dubrovin
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - S. Nijdam
- Department of Physics; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven Netherlands
| | - E. M. van Veldhuizen
- Department of Physics; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven Netherlands
| | | | - Y. Yair
- Department of Life and Natural Sciences; Open University of Israel; Ra'anana Israel
| | - C. Price
- Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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Yair Y, Takahashi Y, Yaniv R, Ebert U, Goto Y. A study of the possibility of sprites in the atmospheres of other planets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Michael M, Tripathi SN, Borucki WJ, Whitten RC. Highly charged cloud particles in the atmosphere of Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Erard S, Drossart P, Piccioni G. Multivariate analysis of Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) Venus Express nightside and limb observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Russell CT, Zhang TL, Wei HY. Whistler mode waves from lightning on Venus: Magnetic control of ionospheric access. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Simões F, Hamelin M, Grard R, Aplin KL, Béghin C, Berthelier JJ, Besser BP, Lebreton JP, López-Moreno JJ, Molina-Cuberos GJ, Schwingenschuh K, Tokano T. Electromagnetic wave propagation in the surface-ionosphere cavity of Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Venus is Earth's near twin in mass and radius, and our nearest planetary neighbour, yet conditions there are very different in many respects. Its atmosphere, mostly composed of carbon dioxide, has a surface temperature and pressure far higher than those of Earth. Only traces of water are found, although it is likely that there was much more present in the past, possibly forming Earth-like oceans. Here we discuss how the first year of observations by Venus Express brings into focus the evolutionary paths by which the climates of two similar planets diverged from common beginnings to such extremes. These include a CO2-driven greenhouse effect, erosion of the atmosphere by solar particles and radiation, surface-atmosphere interactions, and atmospheric circulation regimes defined by differing planetary rotation rates.
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Hand E. European mission reports from Venus. Nature 2007. [DOI: 10.1038/news.2007.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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