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Judd EJ, Tierney JE, Huber BT, Wing SL, Lunt DJ, Ford HL, Inglis GN, McClymont EL, O'Brien CL, Rattanasriampaipong R, Si W, Staitis ML, Thirumalai K, Anagnostou E, Cramwinckel MJ, Dawson RR, Evans D, Gray WR, Grossman EL, Henehan MJ, Hupp BN, MacLeod KG, O'Connor LK, Sánchez Montes ML, Song H, Zhang YG. The PhanSST global database of Phanerozoic sea surface temperature proxy data. Sci Data 2022; 9:753. [PMID: 36473868 PMCID: PMC9726822 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleotemperature proxy data form the cornerstone of paleoclimate research and are integral to understanding the evolution of the Earth system across the Phanerozoic Eon. Here, we present PhanSST, a database containing over 150,000 data points from five proxy systems that can be used to estimate past sea surface temperature. The geochemical data have a near-global spatial distribution and temporally span most of the Phanerozoic. Each proxy value is associated with consistent and queryable metadata fields, including information about the location, age, and taxonomy of the organism from which the data derive. To promote transparency and reproducibility, we include all available published data, regardless of interpreted preservation state or vital effects. However, we also provide expert-assigned diagenetic assessments, ecological and environmental flags, and other proxy-specific fields, which facilitate informed and responsible reuse of the database. The data are quality control checked and the foraminiferal taxonomy has been updated. PhanSST will serve as a valuable resource to the paleoclimate community and has myriad applications, including evolutionary, geochemical, diagenetic, and proxy calibration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Judd
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology, Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
| | - Jessica E Tierney
- University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tuscon, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Brian T Huber
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Scott L Wing
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Daniel J Lunt
- University of Bristol, School of Geographical Sciences, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Heather L Ford
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Geography, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gordon N Inglis
- University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | | | | | | | - Weimin Si
- Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Matthew L Staitis
- University of Edinburgh, School of Geosciences, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
| | | | - Eleni Anagnostou
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marlow Julius Cramwinckel
- University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
- Utrecht University, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht, 3584 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Robin R Dawson
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Geosciences, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - David Evans
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Geosciences, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - William R Gray
- Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ethan L Grossman
- Texas A&M University, Department of Geology and Geophysics, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael J Henehan
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.3 Earth Surface Geochemistry, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brittany N Hupp
- Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kenneth G MacLeod
- University of Missouri, Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lauren K O'Connor
- University of Manchester, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Haijun Song
- China University of Geosciences, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yi Ge Zhang
- Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Kearns LE, Bohaty SM, Edgar KM, Nogué S, Ezard THG. Searching for Function: Reconstructing Adaptive Niche Changes Using Geochemical and Morphological Data in Planktonic Foraminifera. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.679722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dead species remain dead. The diversity record of life is littered with examples of declines and radiations, yet no species has ever re-evolved following its true extinction. In contrast, functional traits can transcend diversity declines, often develop iteratively and are taxon-free allowing application across taxa, environments and time. Planktonic foraminifera have an unrivaled, near continuous fossil record for the past 200 million years making them a perfect test organism to understand trait changes through time, but the functional role of morphology in determining habitat occupation has been questioned. Here, we use single specimen stable isotopes to reconstruct the water depth habitat of individual planktonic foraminifera in the genus Subbotina alongside morphological measurements of the tests to understand trait changes through the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum [MECO: ∼40 Myr ago (mega annum, Ma)]. The MECO is a geologically transient global warming interval that marks the beginning of widespread biotic reorganizations in marine organisms spanning a size spectrum from diatoms to whales. In contrast to other planktonic foraminiferal genera, the subbotinids flourished through this interval despite multiple climatic perturbations superimposed on a changing background climate. Through coupled trait and geochemical analysis, we show that Subbotina survival through this climatically dynamic interval was aided by trait plasticity and a wider ecological niche than previously thought for a subthermocline dwelling genus supporting a generalist life strategy. We also show how individually resolved oxygen isotopes can track shifts in depth occupancy through climatic upheaval. During and following the MECO, temperature changes were substantial in the thermocline and subthermocline in comparison to the muted responses of the surface ocean. In our post-MECO samples, we observe restoration of planktonic foraminifera depth stratification. Despite these changing temperatures and occupied depths, we do not detect a contemporaneous morphological response implying that readily available traits such as test size and shape do not have a clear functional role in this generalist genus. Modern imaging measurement technologies offer a promising route to gather more informative morphological traits for functional analysis, rather than the traditional candidates that are most easily measured.
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Abstract
Earth’s modern climate is defined by the presence of ice at both poles, but that ice is now disappearing. Therefore understanding the origin and causes of polar ice stability is more critical than ever. Here we provide novel geochemical data that constrain past dynamics of glacial ice on Greenland and Arctic sea ice. Based on accurate source determinations of individual ice-rafted Fe-oxide grains, we find evidence for episodic glaciation of distinct source regions on Greenland as far-ranging as ~68°N and ~80°N synchronous with ice-rafting from circum-Arctic sources, beginning in the middle Eocene. Glacial intervals broadly coincide with reduced CO2, with a potential threshold for glacial ice stability near ~500 p.p.m.v. The middle Eocene represents the Cenozoic onset of a dynamic cryosphere, with ice in both hemispheres during transient glacials and substantial regional climate heterogeneity. A more stable cryosphere developed at the Eocene-Oligocene transition, and is now threatened by anthropogenic emissions. With rapidly disappearing ice, understanding the past behavior of the cryosphere is critical. Here, the authors indicate the initiation and disappearance of glaciation on Greenland and Arctic sea ice coincided in the past, synchronous with Antarctic ice and global ice volume, and a CO2 threshold of ~500 p.p.m.v.
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Bosboom R, Mandic O, Dupont-Nivet G, Proust JN, Ormukov C, Aminov J. Late Eocene palaeogeography of the proto-Paratethys Sea in Central Asia (NW China, southern Kyrgyzstan and SW Tajikistan). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1144/sp427.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Cretaceous and Palaeogene sediments of the basins in Central Asia include the remnants of the easternmost extent of a vast shallow epicontinental sea, which extended across the Eurasian continent before it retreated westwards and eventually isolated as the Paratethys Sea. To improve understanding of its long-term palaeogeographical evolution, we complement the well-constrained chronological framework of the Tarim Basin in China with stratigraphic records of the sea retreat from the Fergana Basin and the Alai Valley Basin in southern Kyrgyzstan and the Afghan–Tajik Basin in SW Tajikistan. By lithostratigraphic analyses and identification of bivalve assemblages, this study establishes for the first time a clear and detailed regional correlation of Palaeogene marine strata across Central Asia, showing that the basins share a similar palaeogeographical evolution characterized by a long-term stepwise retreat punctuated by short-term shallow-marine incursions. Our correlation shows that the last two marine incursions recognized in the Tarim Basin can be traced westwards. The permanent disappearance of the sea from Central Asia probably occurred with limited diachroneity in the late Eocene, before the isolation of the Paratethys Sea, shifting the easternmost margin of the sea hundreds of kilometres westwards and probably significantly reducing moisture supply to the Asian interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderic Bosboom
- Palaeomagnetic Laboratory Fort Hoofddijk, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 17, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg Mandic
- Geological–Palaeontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria
| | - Guillaume Dupont-Nivet
- Palaeomagnetic Laboratory Fort Hoofddijk, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 17, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education (Peking University), 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jean-Noël Proust
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cholponbek Ormukov
- Institute of Seismology: Kyrgyz Republic Bishkek, Asanbay 52/1, 720060, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Jovid Aminov
- Institute of Geology, Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, 267 Ayni Street, 734053, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
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Pälike H, Lyle MW, Nishi H, Raffi I, Ridgwell A, Gamage K, Klaus A, Acton G, Anderson L, Backman J, Baldauf J, Beltran C, Bohaty SM, Bown P, Busch W, Channell JET, Chun COJ, Delaney M, Dewangan P, Dunkley Jones T, Edgar KM, Evans H, Fitch P, Foster GL, Gussone N, Hasegawa H, Hathorne EC, Hayashi H, Herrle JO, Holbourn A, Hovan S, Hyeong K, Iijima K, Ito T, Kamikuri SI, Kimoto K, Kuroda J, Leon-Rodriguez L, Malinverno A, Moore TC, Murphy BH, Murphy DP, Nakamura H, Ogane K, Ohneiser C, Richter C, Robinson R, Rohling EJ, Romero O, Sawada K, Scher H, Schneider L, Sluijs A, Takata H, Tian J, Tsujimoto A, Wade BS, Westerhold T, Wilkens R, Williams T, Wilson PA, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto S, Yamazaki T, Zeebe RE. A Cenozoic record of the equatorial Pacific carbonate compensation depth. Nature 2012; 488:609-14. [PMID: 22932385 DOI: 10.1038/nature11360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate are regulated on geological timescales by the balance between carbon input from volcanic and metamorphic outgassing and its removal by weathering feedbacks; these feedbacks involve the erosion of silicate rocks and organic-carbon-bearing rocks. The integrated effect of these processes is reflected in the calcium carbonate compensation depth, which is the oceanic depth at which calcium carbonate is dissolved. Here we present a carbonate accumulation record that covers the past 53 million years from a depth transect in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The carbonate compensation depth tracks long-term ocean cooling, deepening from 3.0-3.5 kilometres during the early Cenozoic (approximately 55 million years ago) to 4.6 kilometres at present, consistent with an overall Cenozoic increase in weathering. We find large superimposed fluctuations in carbonate compensation depth during the middle and late Eocene. Using Earth system models, we identify changes in weathering and the mode of organic-carbon delivery as two key processes to explain these large-scale Eocene fluctuations of the carbonate compensation depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Pälike
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
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Sexton PF, Norris RD, Wilson PA, Pälike H, Westerhold T, Röhl U, Bolton CT, Gibbs S. Eocene global warming events driven by ventilation of oceanic dissolved organic carbon. Nature 2011; 471:349-52. [DOI: 10.1038/nature09826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Increased seasonality through the Eocene to Oligocene transition in northern high latitudes. Nature 2009; 459:969-73. [DOI: 10.1038/nature08069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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DeConto RM, Pollard D, Wilson PA, Pälike H, Lear CH, Pagani M. Thresholds for Cenozoic bipolar glaciation. Nature 2008; 455:652-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature07337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lunt DJ, Foster GL, Haywood AM, Stone EJ. Late Pliocene Greenland glaciation controlled by a decline in atmospheric CO2 levels. Nature 2008; 454:1102-5. [PMID: 18756254 DOI: 10.1038/nature07223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is thought that the Northern Hemisphere experienced only ephemeral glaciations from the Late Eocene to the Early Pliocene epochs (about 38 to 4 million years ago), and that the onset of extensive glaciations did not occur until about 3 million years ago. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this increase in Northern Hemisphere glaciation during the Late Pliocene. Here we use a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model and an ice-sheet model to assess the impact of the proposed driving mechanisms for glaciation and the influence of orbital variations on the development of the Greenland ice sheet in particular. We find that Greenland glaciation is mainly controlled by a decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide during the Late Pliocene. By contrast, our model results suggest that climatic shifts associated with the tectonically driven closure of the Panama seaway, with the termination of a permanent El Niño state or with tectonic uplift are not large enough to contribute significantly to the growth of the Greenland ice sheet; moreover, we find that none of these processes acted as a priming mechanism for glacial inception triggered by variations in the Earth's orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lunt
- BRIDGE, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK.
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Convey P, Gibson JAE, Hillenbrand CD, Hodgson DA, Pugh PJA, Smellie JL, Stevens MI. Antarctic terrestrial life – challenging the history of the frozen continent? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2008; 83:103-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2008.00034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eocene/Oligocene ocean de-acidification linked to Antarctic glaciation by sea-level fall. Nature 2008; 452:979-82. [DOI: 10.1038/nature06853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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