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Pasachoff JM, Peñaloza-Murillo MA, Carter AL, Roman MT. Terrestrial atmospheric responses on Svalbard to the 20 March 2015 Arctic total solar eclipse under extreme conditions. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2016.0188. [PMID: 27550756 PMCID: PMC5004056 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on the near-surface atmospheric response at the High Arctic site of Svalbard, latitude 78° N, as a result of abrupt changes in solar insolation during the 20 March 2015 equinox total solar eclipse and notifies the atmospheric science community of the availability of a rare dataset. Svalbard was central in the path of totality, and had completely clear skies. Measurements of shaded air temperature and atmospheric pressure show only weak, if any, responses to the reduced insolation. A minimum in the air temperature at 1.5 m above the ground occurred starting 2 min following the end of totality, though this drop was only slightly beyond the observed variability for the midday period. Eclipse-produced variations in surface pressure, if present, were less than 0.3 hPa.This article is part of the themed issue 'Atmospheric effects of solar eclipses stimulated by the 2015 UK eclipse'.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pasachoff
- Williams College-Hopkins Observatory, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 150-21, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - M A Peñaloza-Murillo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida 5101, Edo. Mérida, Venezuela
| | - A L Carter
- Department of Physics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - M T Roman
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 South University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Yetisen AK, Coskun AF, England G, Cho S, Butt H, Hurwitz J, Kolle M, Khademhosseini A, Hart AJ, Folch A, Yun SH. Art on the Nanoscale and Beyond. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1724-1742. [PMID: 26671704 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methods of forming and patterning materials at the nano- and microscales are finding increased use as a medium of artistic expression, and as a vehicle for communicating scientific advances to a broader audience. While sharing many attributes of other art forms, miniaturized art enables the direct engagement of sensory aspects such as sight and touch for materials and structures that are otherwise invisible to the eye. The historical uses of nano-/microscale materials and imaging techniques in arts and sciences are presented. The motivations to create artwork at small scales are discussed, and representations in scientific literature and exhibitions are explored. Examples are presented using semiconductors, microfluidics, and nanomaterials as the artistic media; these utilized techniques including micromachining, focused ion beam milling, two-photon polymerization, and bottom-up nanostructure growth. Finally, the technological factors that limit the implementation of artwork at miniature scales are identified, and potential future directions are discussed. As research marches toward even smaller length scales, innovative and engaging visualizations and artistic endeavors will have growing implications on education, communication, policy making, media activism, and public perception of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K Yetisen
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ahmet F Coskun
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Grant England
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sangyeon Cho
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Haider Butt
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jonty Hurwitz
- Royal British Society of Sculptors, 108 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RA, UK
| | - Mathias Kolle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, William Foege Bldg. 15th Ave NE, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Woo R. Coronal streamers revealed during solar eclipses: Seeing is not believing, and pictures can lie. Iperception 2011; 2:565-8. [PMID: 23145245 PMCID: PMC3485804 DOI: 10.1068/i0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For those fortunate enough to have personally witnessed and photographed the visible corona surrounding the Sun during a solar eclipse, pictures are usually a let down for not living up to the visual view. After 150 years of investigating the corona, we understand it more fully and now know this difference to be real. The difference stems from our inability to either see or image the true distribution of simultaneous brightness because of its large dynamic range (eg, Rodriguez, Woods, 2008 Digital Image Processing, Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall). Brightness in the corona is unprecedented, as it falls by three orders of magnitude over a distance of only one solar radius from the Sun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Woo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 238-725, Pasadena, CA 91109; e-mail:
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