1
|
Feng S, Campbell AJ, Brotons-Gisbert M, Andres-Penares D, Baek H, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Urbaszek B, Gerber IC, Gerardot BD. Highly tunable ground and excited state excitonic dipoles in multilayer 2H-MoSe 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4377. [PMID: 38782967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The fundamental properties of an exciton are determined by the spin, valley, energy, and spatial wavefunctions of the Coulomb-bound electron and hole. In van der Waals materials, these attributes can be widely engineered through layer stacking configuration to create highly tunable interlayer excitons with static out-of-plane electric dipoles, at the expense of the strength of the oscillating in-plane dipole responsible for light-matter coupling. Here we show that interlayer excitons in bi- and tri-layer 2H-MoSe2 crystals exhibit electric-field-driven coupling with the ground (1s) and excited states (2s) of the intralayer A excitons. We demonstrate that the hybrid states of these distinct exciton species provide strong oscillator strength, large permanent dipoles (up to 0.73 ± 0.01 enm), high energy tunability (up to ~200 meV), and full control of the spin and valley characteristics such that the exciton g-factor can be manipulated over a large range (from -4 to +14). Further, we observe the bi- and tri-layer excited state (2s) interlayer excitons and their coupling with the intralayer excitons states (1s and 2s). Our results, in good agreement with a coupled oscillator model with spin (layer)-selectivity and beyond standard density functional theory calculations, promote multilayer 2H-MoSe2 as a highly tunable platform to explore exciton-exciton interactions with strong light-matter interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Feng
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aidan J Campbell
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Daniel Andres-Penares
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hyeonjun Baek
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bernhard Urbaszek
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Iann C Gerber
- INSA-CNRS-UPS LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Brian D Gerardot
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding D, Bai Z, Liu Z, Shi B, Guo G, Li W, Adams CS. Ergodicity breaking from Rydberg clusters in a driven-dissipative many-body system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl5893. [PMID: 38437588 PMCID: PMC10911772 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl5893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
It is challenging to probe ergodicity breaking trends of a quantum many-body system when dissipation inevitably damages quantum coherence originated from coherent coupling and dispersive two-body interactions. Rydberg atoms provide a test bed to detect emergent exotic many-body phases and nonergodic dynamics where the strong Rydberg atom interaction competes with and overtakes dissipative effects even at room temperature. Here, we report experimental evidence of a transition from ergodic toward ergodic breaking dynamics in driven-dissipative Rydberg atomic gases. The broken ergodicity is featured by the long-time phase oscillation, which is attributed to the formation of Rydberg excitation clusters in limit cycle phases. The broken symmetry in the limit cycle is a direct manifestation of many-body collective effects, which is verified experimentally by tuning atomic densities. The reported result reveals that Rydberg many-body systems are a promising candidate to probe ergodicity breaking dynamics, such as limit cycles, and enable the benchmark of nonequilibrium phase transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengyang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zongkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Baosen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guangcan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - C. Stuart Adams
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Z, Zhang P. Signature of Scramblon Effective Field Theory in Random Spin Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:060201. [PMID: 38394581 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.060201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Information scrambling refers to the propagation of information throughout a quantum system. Its study not only contributes to our understanding of thermalization but also has wide implications in quantum information and black hole physics. Recent studies suggest that information scrambling in large-N systems with all-to-all interactions is mediated by collective modes called scramblons. However, a criterion for the validity of scramblon theory in a specific model is still missing. In this work, we address this issue by investigating the signature of the scramblon effective theory in random spin models with all-to-all interactions. We demonstrate that, in scenarios where the scramblon description holds, the late-time operator size distribution can be predicted from its early-time value, requiring no free parameters. As an illustration, we examine whether Brownian circuits exhibit a scramblon description and obtain a positive confirmation both analytically and numerically. Our findings provide a concrete experimental framework for unraveling the scramblon field theory in random spin models using quantum simulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, AI Tower, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duca L, Mizukami N, Perego E, Inguscio M, Sias C. Orientational Melting in a Mesoscopic System of Charged Particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:083602. [PMID: 37683173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
A mesoscopic system of a few particles can undergo changes of configuration that resemble phase transitions but with a nonuniversal behavior. A notable example is orientational melting, in which localized particles with long-range repulsive interactions forming a two-dimensional crystal become delocalized in common closed trajectories. Here we report the observation of orientational melting occurring in a two-dimensional crystal of up to 15 ions. We measure density-density correlations to quantitatively characterize the occurrence of melting, and use a Monte Carlo simulation to extract the angular kinetic energy of the ions. By adding a pinning impurity, we demonstrate the nonuniversality of orientational melting and create novel configurations in which localized and delocalized particles coexist. Our system realizes an experimental testbed for studying changes of configurations in two-dimensional mesoscopic systems, and our results pave the way for the study of quantum phenomena in ensembles of delocalized ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Duca
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Naoto Mizukami
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Elia Perego
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Massimo Inguscio
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Sias
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kazemi J, Weimer H. Driven-Dissipative Rydberg Blockade in Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:163601. [PMID: 37154665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.163601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
While dissipative Rydberg gases exhibit unique possibilities to tune dissipation and interaction properties, very little is known about the quantum many-body physics of such long-range interacting open quantum systems. We theoretically analyze the steady state of a van der Waals interacting Rydberg gas in an optical lattice based on a variational treatment that also includes long-range correlations necessary to describe the physics of the Rydberg blockade, i.e., the inhibition of neighboring Rydberg excitations by strong interactions. In contrast to the ground state phase diagram, we find that the steady state undergoes a single first order phase transition from a blockaded Rydberg gas to a facilitation phase where the blockade is lifted. The first order line terminates in a critical point when including sufficiently strong dephasing, enabling a highly promising route to study dissipative criticality in these systems. In some regimes, we also find good quantitative agreement of the phase boundaries with previously employed short-range models, however, with the actual steady states exhibiting strikingly different behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Kazemi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hendrik Weimer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36 EW 7-1, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Du J, Vogt T, Li W. Fast Single-Shot Imaging of Individual Ions via Homodyne Detection of Rydberg-Blockade-Induced Absorption. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:143004. [PMID: 37084455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.143004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We introduce well-separated ^{87}Rb^{+} ions into an atomic ensemble by microwave ionization of Rydberg excitations and realize single-shot imaging of the individual ions with an exposure time of 1 μs. This imaging sensitivity is reached by using homodyne detection of ion-Rydberg-atom interaction induced absorption. We obtain an ion detection fidelity of (80±5)% from analyzing the absorption spots in acquired single-shot images. These in situ images provide a direct visualization of the ion-Rydberg interaction blockade and reveal clear spatial correlations between Rydberg excitations. The capability of imaging individual ions in a single shot is of interest for investigating collisional dynamics in hybrid ion-atom systems and for exploring ions as a probe for measurements of quantum gases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Du
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
| | - Thibault Vogt
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hollerith S, Zeiher J. Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic Molecules on the Micrometer Scale. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3925-3939. [PMID: 36977279 PMCID: PMC10184126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Controlling molecular binding at the level of single atoms is one of the holy grails of quantum chemistry. Rydberg macrodimers─bound states between highly excited Rydberg atoms─provide a novel perspective in this direction. Resulting from binding potentials formed by the strong, long-range interactions of Rydberg states, Rydberg macrodimers feature bond lengths in the micrometer regime, exceeding those of conventional molecules by orders of magnitude. Using single-atom control in quantum gas microscopes, the unique properties of these exotic states can be studied with unprecedented control, including the response to magnetic fields or the polarization of light in their photoassociation. The high accuracy achieved in spectroscopic studies of macrodimers makes them an ideal testbed to benchmark Rydberg interactions, with direct relevance to quantum computing and information protocols where these are employed. This review provides a historic overview and summarizes the recent findings in the field of Rydberg macrodimers. Furthermore, it presents new data on interactions between macrodimers, leading to a phenomenon analogous to Rydberg blockade at the level of molecules, opening the path toward studying many-body systems of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hollerith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Van der Waals interactions regulating the hydration of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, the constructing monomer of biocompatible polymers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20393. [PMID: 36437358 PMCID: PMC9701782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Van der Waals (VDW) interactions provide fantastic properties for biological systems that function at room temperature. The VDW interaction, which primarily contributes to weak hydrogen bonding, is expected to play a key role in regulating hydrophobic hydration to express the biologically inert biocompatible function of polymerized MPCs (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine). This report explores at the molecular level the biologically inert function of polymerized MPCs through an array of vibrational spectroscopic and computational characterization of MPC monomers, as temperature-dependent change of intramolecular weak hydrogen bonding. Synchrotron Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy were used to investigate temperature-dependent spectral changes in the low frequency vibrations of the MPC over the temperature range from cryogenic to room temperature, and the results were analysed by highly reliable well-established density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Complicated spectral features in the low frequency energy region and the uncertain conformations of the MPC in the amorphous powder state are clearly resolved under a polarizable continuum model and dispersion correction to pure DFT calculations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu F, Li J, Liu Z, Wang R, Zhu Y, Huang W, Liu Z, Wang Z. From Atomic Physics to Superatomic Physics. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
11
|
Müller MM, Said RS, Jelezko F, Calarco T, Montangero S. One decade of quantum optimal control in the chopped random basis. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:076001. [PMID: 35605567 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chopped random basis (CRAB) ansatz for quantum optimal control has been proven to be a versatile tool to enable quantum technology applications such as quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum sensing, and quantum communication. Its capability to encompass experimental constraints-while maintaining an access to the usually trap-free control landscape-and to switch from open-loop to closed-loop optimization (including with remote access-or RedCRAB) is contributing to the development of quantum technology on many different physical platforms. In this review article we present the development, the theoretical basis and the toolbox for this optimization algorithm, as well as an overview of the broad range of different theoretical and experimental applications that exploit this powerful technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Müller
- Peter Grünberg Institute-Quantum Control (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Germany
| | - Ressa S Said
- Institute for Quantum Optics & Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Ulm, D-89081 Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics & Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Ulm, D-89081 Germany
| | - Tommaso Calarco
- Peter Grünberg Institute-Quantum Control (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Germany
| | - Simone Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'G. Galilei', Università degli Studi di Padova & INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Italy
- Padua Quantum Technology Center, Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schleier-Smith M. Solving a puzzle with atomic qubits. Science 2022; 376:1155-1156. [PMID: 35679424 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A quantum com puter makes light work of the maximum independent set problem.
Collapse
|
13
|
Observation of a molecular bond between ions and Rydberg atoms. Nature 2022; 605:453-456. [PMID: 35585342 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Atoms with a highly excited electron, called Rydberg atoms, can form unusual types of molecular bonds1-4. The bonds differ from the well-known ionic and covalent bonds5,6 not only by their binding mechanisms, but also by their bond lengths ranging up to several micrometres. Here we observe a new type of molecular ion based on the interaction between the ionic charge and a flipping-induced dipole of a Rydberg atom with a bond length of several micrometres. We measure the vibrational spectrum and spatially resolve the bond length and the angular alignment of the molecule using a high-resolution ion microscope7. As a consequence of the large bond length, the molecular dynamics is extremely slow. These results pave the way for future studies of spatio-temporal effects in molecular dynamics (for example, beyond Born-Oppenheimer physics).
Collapse
|
14
|
Herbst MF, Stamm B, Wessel S, Rizzi M. Surrogate models for quantum spin systems based on reduced-order modeling. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:045303. [PMID: 35590603 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.045303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a methodology to investigate phase diagrams of quantum models based on the principle of the reduced basis method (RBM). The RBM is built from a few ground-state snapshots, i.e., lowest eigenvectors of the full system Hamiltonian computed at well-chosen points in the parameter space of interest. We put forward a greedy strategy to assemble such a small-dimensional basis, i.e., to select where to spend the numerical effort needed for the snapshots. Once the RBM is assembled, physical observables required for mapping out the phase diagram (e.g., structure factors) can be computed for any parameter value with a modest computational complexity, considerably lower than the one associated to the underlying Hilbert space dimension. We benchmark the method in two test cases, a chain of excited Rydberg atoms and a geometrically frustrated antiferromagnetic two-dimensional lattice model, and illustrate the accuracy of the approach. In particular, we find that the ground-state manifold can be approximated to sufficient accuracy with a moderate number of basis functions, which increases very mildly when the number of microscopic constituents grows-in stark contrast to the exponential growth of the Hilbert space needed to describe each of the few snapshots. A combination of the presented RBM approach with other numerical techniques circumventing even the latter big cost, e.g., tensor network methods, is a tantalizing outlook of this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Herbst
- Department of Mathematics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 2, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stamm
- Department of Mathematics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 2, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wessel
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 26, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matteo Rizzi
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Quantum Control, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-8), 52425 Jülich, Germany and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Polar molecules can bind an electron in a diffuse orbital due to the charge-dipole interaction. Electronic excited states of polar molecules can also bind an electron to form core-excited dipole-bound states (DBSs), analogous to core-excited Rydberg states. However, core-excited DBSs have not been observed because of the complicated electronic structure of molecular systems. Here, we report the observation of a core-excited DBS in the pyrazolide anion as a result of the favorable electronic structure of the neutral pyrazolyl core, which has a low-lying excited state (Ã2B1) only 266 cm-1 above its ground state (X̃2A2). The binding energy of the DBS associated with the ground state is measured to be 221 cm-1, while that of the core-excited DBS is 276 cm-1, which is still a bound state relative to the detachment threshold. Vibrational Feshbach resonances are observed for both DBSs, and their autodetachment behaviors are studied by resonant photoelectron imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Rou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Müller T, Diehl S, Buchhold M. Measurement-Induced Dark State Phase Transitions in Long-Ranged Fermion Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:010605. [PMID: 35061500 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We identify an unconventional algebraic scaling phase in the quantum dynamics of long-range hopping, free fermions, which are exposed to continuous local measurements. The algebraic phase occurs for hopping decay exponents 1<p≲3/2, and features an algebraic entanglement entropy growth, and a slow algebraic decay of the density-density correlation function, both with a fractional exponent. It is separated from a critical phase with logarithmic entanglement growth at small, and an area law phase with constant entanglement entropy at large monitoring rates. A perturbative renormalization group analysis predicts that the transitions to the long-range phase correspond to an unconventional, modified sine-Gordon theory. Exact numerical simulations of the monitored wave functions are in excellent agreement with an analytical replica field theory approach, which confirms the view of the measurement-induced phase transition as a quantum phase transition in the dark state of an effective, non-Hermitian Hamiltonian.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Müller
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - S Diehl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - M Buchhold
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Superatomic molecular orbitals (SAMOs) have symmetries (angular quantum numbers) similar to those of atoms, and thus, it is possible to realize Rydberg state excitations (RSEs) in superatomic molecules. In this Letter, the feasibility of superatomic Rydberg state excitation (SRSE) is explored using gold superatoms based on first-principles calculations. The results show that the SRSE exists in the high and low excited states of the gold superatoms and their SAMOs make a major contribution to electronic transitions. The radial distribution function of electronic density shows that the main distribution of electrons in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals and other unoccupied superatomic molecular orbitals is extremely far from the geometric center, and thus, they can be unambiguously identified as Rydberg orbitals. We found that due to the two-dimensional ductility of the planar SAMOs, superatoms are superior in the RSE regulation. Our findings may provide a new source of superatom-based RSE and will contribute to the regulation and efficient preparation of Rydberg states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaochen Wu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Famin Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Self assembling cluster crystals from DNA based dendritic nanostructures. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7167. [PMID: 34887410 PMCID: PMC8660878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster crystals are periodic structures with lattice sites occupied by several, overlapping building blocks, featuring fluctuating site occupancy, whose expectation value depends on thermodynamic conditions. Their assembly from atomic or mesoscopic units is long-sought-after, but its experimental realization still remains elusive. Here, we show the existence of well-controlled soft matter cluster crystals. We fabricate dendritic-linear-dendritic triblock composed of a thermosensitive water-soluble polymer and nanometer-scale all-DNA dendrons of the first and second generation. Conclusive small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) evidence reveals that solutions of these triblock at sufficiently high concentrations undergo a reversible phase transition from a cluster fluid to a body-centered cubic (BCC) cluster crystal with density-independent lattice spacing, through alteration of temperature. Moreover, a rich concentration-temperature phase diagram demonstrates the emergence of various ordered nanostructures, including BCC cluster crystals, birefringent cluster crystals, as well as hexagonal phases and cluster glass-like kinetically arrested states at high densities. Experimental realization of cluster crystals- periodic structures with lattice sites occupied by several, overlapping building blocks, has been elusive. Here, the authors show the existence of well-controlled soft matter cluster crystals composed of a thermosensitive water-soluble polymer and nanometer-scale all-DNA dendrons.
Collapse
|
19
|
Asymmetric Rydberg blockade of giant excitons in Cuprous Oxide. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3556. [PMID: 34117237 PMCID: PMC8196172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate and control strong long-range interactions via highly excited electronic states has been the foundation for recent breakthroughs in a host of areas, from atomic and molecular physics to quantum optics and technology. Rydberg excitons provide a promising solid-state realization of such highly excited states, for which record-breaking orbital sizes of up to a micrometer have indeed been observed in cuprous oxide semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate the generation and control of strong exciton interactions in this material by optically producing two distinct quantum states of Rydberg excitons. This is made possible by two-color pump-probe experiments that allow for a detailed probing of the interactions. Our experiments reveal the emergence of strong spatial correlations and an inter-state Rydberg blockade that extends over remarkably large distances of several micrometers. The generated many-body states of semiconductor excitons exhibit universal properties that only depend on the shape of the interaction potential and yield clear evidence for its vastly extended-range and power-law character. Previous research showed the existence of Rydberg excitons with large principle quantum numbers in Cu2O. Here, by using two-color pump-probe optical spectroscopy, the authors demonstrate the generation and control of long-range correlations between these giant Rydberg excitons, leading to exciton blockade.
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Felser T, Notarnicola S, Montangero S. Efficient Tensor Network Ansatz for High-Dimensional Quantum Many-Body Problems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:170603. [PMID: 33988416 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.170603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel tensor network structure augmenting the well-established tree tensor network representation of a quantum many-body wave function. The new structure satisfies the area law in high dimensions remaining efficiently manipulatable and scalable. We benchmark this novel approach against paradigmatic two-dimensional spin models demonstrating unprecedented precision and system sizes. Finally, we compute the ground state phase diagram of two-dimensional lattice Rydberg atoms in optical tweezers observing nontrivial phases and quantum phase transitions, providing realistic benchmarks for current and future two-dimensional quantum simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Felser
- Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Notarnicola
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technology Research Center, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technology Research Center, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Grusdt F, Pollet L. Z_{2} Parton Phases in the Mixed-Dimensional t-J_{z} Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:256401. [PMID: 33416402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.256401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the interplay of spin and charge degrees of freedom in a doped Ising antiferromagnet, where the motion of charges is restricted to one dimension. The phase diagram of this mixed-dimensional t-J_{z} model can be understood in terms of spinless chargons coupled to a Z_{2} lattice gauge field. The antiferromagnetic couplings give rise to interactions between Z_{2} electric field lines which, in turn, lead to a robust stripe phase at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, a confined meson-gas phase is found for low doping whereas at higher doping values, a robust deconfined chargon-gas phase is seen, which features hidden antiferromagnetic order. We confirm these phases in quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Our model can be implemented and its phases detected with existing technology in ultracold atom experiments. The critical temperature for stripe formation with a sufficiently high hole concentration is around the spin-exchange energy J_{z}, i.e., well within reach of current experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Grusdt
- Department of Physics and Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, München D-80333, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Lode Pollet
- Department of Physics and Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, München D-80333, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Walther V, Grünwald P, Pohl T. Controlling Exciton-Phonon Interactions via Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:173601. [PMID: 33156663 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly excited Rydberg states of excitons in Cu_{2}O semiconductors provide a promising approach to explore and control strong particle interactions in a solid-state environment. A major obstacle has been the substantial absorption background that stems from exciton-phonon coupling and lies under the Rydberg excitation spectrum, weakening the effects of exciton interactions. Here, we demonstrate that two-photon excitation of Rydberg excitons under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be used to control this background. Based on a microscopic theory that describes the known single-photon absorption spectrum, we analyze the conditions under which two-photon EIT permits separating the optical Rydberg excitation from the phonon-induced absorption background, and even suppressing it entir7ely. Our findings thereby pave the way for the exploitation of Rydberg blockade with Cu_{2}O excitons in nonlinear optics and other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Walther
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - P Grünwald
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T Pohl
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gabardos L, Zhu B, Lepoutre S, Rey AM, Laburthe-Tolra B, Vernac L. Relaxation of the Collective Magnetization of a Dense 3D Array of Interacting Dipolar S=3 Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:143401. [PMID: 33064529 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of the dynamics of the total magnetization and spin populations in an almost unit-filled lattice system comprising about 10^{4} spin S=3 chromium atoms, under the effect of dipolar interactions. The observed spin population dynamics is unaffected by the use of a spin echo and fully consistent with numerical simulations of the S=3 XXZ spin model. On the contrary, the observed magnetization decays slower than in simulations and, surprisingly, reaches a small but nonzero asymptotic value within the longest timescale. Our findings show that spin coherences are sensitive probes to systematic effects affecting quantum many-body behavior that cannot be diagnosed by merely measuring spin populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gabardos
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Université Paris 13, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Bihui Zhu
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Steven Lepoutre
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Université Paris 13, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Université Paris 13, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Laurent Vernac
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Université Paris 13, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stecker M, Nold R, Steinert LM, Grimmel J, Petrosyan D, Fortágh J, Günther A. Controlling the Dipole Blockade and Ionization Rate of Rydberg Atoms in Strong Electric Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:103602. [PMID: 32955299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study a hitherto unexplored regime of the Rydberg excitation blockade using highly Stark-shifted, yet long-living, states of Rb atoms subject to electric fields above the classical ionization limit. Such states allow tuning the dipole-dipole interaction strength while their ionization rate can be changed over 2 orders of magnitude by small variations of the electric field. We demonstrate laser excitation of the interacting Rydberg states followed by their detection using controlled ionization and magnified imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution. Our work reveals new possibilities to engineer the interaction strength and dynamically control the ionization and detection of Rydberg atoms, which can be useful for realizing and assessing quantum simulators that vary in space and time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Stecker
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raphael Nold
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lea-Marina Steinert
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Grimmel
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Petrosyan
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - József Fortágh
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Walther V, Pohl T. Plasma-Enhanced Interaction and Optical Nonlinearities of Cu_{2}O Rydberg Excitons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:097401. [PMID: 32915613 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.097401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the nonlinear optical transmission through a cuprous oxide crystal for wavelengths that cover the series of highly excited excitons, observed in recent experiments. Since such Rydberg excitons have strong van der Waals interactions, they can dynamically break the conditions for resonant exciton creation and dramatically modify the refractive index of the material in a nonlinear manner. We explore this mechanism theoretically and determine its effects on the optical properties of a semiconductor for the case of degenerate pair-state asymptotes of Rydberg excitons in Cu_{2}O. Upon analyzing the additional effects of a dilute residual electron-hole plasma, we find quantitative agreement with previous transmission measurements, which provides strong indications for the enhancement of Rydberg-induced nonlinearities by surrounding free charges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Walther
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bienias P, Gullans MJ, Kalinowski M, Craddock AN, Ornelas-Huerta DP, Rolston SL, Porto JV, Gorshkov AV. Exotic Photonic Molecules via Lennard-Jones-like Potentials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:093601. [PMID: 32915601 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold systems offer an unprecedented level of control of interactions between atoms. An important challenge is to achieve a similar level of control of the interactions between photons. Towards this goal, we propose a realization of a novel Lennard-Jones-like potential between photons coupled to the Rydberg states via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). This potential is achieved by tuning Rydberg states to a Förster resonance with other Rydberg states. We consider few-body problems in 1D and 2D geometries and show the existence of self-bound clusters ("molecules") of photons. We demonstrate that for a few-body problem, the multibody interactions have a significant impact on the geometry of the molecular ground state. This leads to phenomena without counterparts in conventional systems: For example, three photons in two dimensions preferentially arrange themselves in a line configuration rather than in an equilateral-triangle configuration. Our result opens a new avenue for studies of many-body phenomena with strongly interacting photons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Michael J Gullans
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Marcin Kalinowski
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander N Craddock
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - S L Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J V Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Williamson LA, Borgh MO, Ruostekoski J. Superatom Picture of Collective Nonclassical Light Emission and Dipole Blockade in Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:073602. [PMID: 32857544 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that two-time, second-order correlations of scattered photons from planar arrays and chains of atoms display nonclassical features that can be described by a superatom picture of the canonical single-atom g_{2}(τ) resonance fluorescence result. For the superatom, the single-atom linewidth is replaced by the linewidth of the underlying collective low light-intensity eigenmode. Strong light-induced dipole-dipole interactions lead to a correlated response, suppressed joint photon detection events, and dipole blockade that inhibits multiple excitations of the collective atomic state. For targeted subradiant modes, the nonclassical nature of emitted light can be dramatically enhanced even compared with that of a single atom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Williamson
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - M O Borgh
- Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shen C, Chen C, Wu XL, Dong S, Cui Y, You L, Tey MK. High-resolution imaging of Rydberg atoms in optical lattices using an aspheric-lens objective in vacuum. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:063202. [PMID: 32611022 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-resolution, simple, and versatile system for imaging ultracold Rydberg atoms in optical lattices. The imaging objective is a single aspheric lens [with a working distance of 20.6 mm and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.51] placed inside the vacuum chamber. Adopting a large-working-distance lens leaves room for electrodes and electrostatic shields to control electric fields around Rydberg atoms. With this setup, we achieve a Rayleigh resolution of 1.10 μm or 1.41λ (λ = 780 nm), limited by the NA of the aspheric lens. For systems of highly excited Rydberg states with blockade radii greater than a few μm, the resolution achieved is sufficient for studying many physical processes of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meng Khoon Tey
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Carollo F, Gambetta FM, Brandner K, Garrahan JP, Lesanovsky I. Nonequilibrium Quantum Many-Body Rydberg Atom Engine. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:170602. [PMID: 32412298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.170602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The standard approach to quantum engines is based on equilibrium systems and on thermodynamic transformations between Gibbs states. However, nonequilibrium quantum systems offer enhanced experimental flexibility in the control of their parameters and, if used as engines, a more direct interpretation of the type of work they deliver. Here we introduce an out-of-equilibrium quantum engine inspired by recent experiments with cold atoms. Our system is connected to a single environment and produces mechanical work from many-body interparticle interactions arising between atoms in highly excited Rydberg states. As such, it is not a heat engine but an isothermal one. We perform many-body simulations to show that this system can produce work. The setup we introduce and investigate represents a promising platform for devising new types of microscopic machines and for exploring quantum effects in thermodynamic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carollo
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo M Gambetta
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Brandner
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Juan P Garrahan
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Samajdar R, Ho WW, Pichler H, Lukin MD, Sachdev S. Complex Density Wave Orders and Quantum Phase Transitions in a Model of Square-Lattice Rydberg Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:103601. [PMID: 32216437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe the zero-temperature phase diagram of a model of a two-dimensional square-lattice array of neutral atoms, excited into Rydberg states and interacting via strong van der Waals interactions. Using the density-matrix renormalization group algorithm, we map out the phase diagram and obtain a rich variety of phases featuring complex density wave orderings, upon varying lattice spacing and laser detuning. While some of these phases result from the classical optimization of the van der Waals energy, we also find intrinsically quantum-ordered phases stabilized by quantum fluctuations. These phases are surrounded by novel quantum phase transitions, which we analyze by finite-size scaling numerics and Landau theories. Our work highlights Rydberg quantum simulators in higher dimensions as promising platforms to realize exotic many-body phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhine Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Wen Wei Ho
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hannes Pichler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Subir Sachdev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wintermantel TM, Wang Y, Lochead G, Shevate S, Brennen GK, Whitlock S. Unitary and Nonunitary Quantum Cellular Automata with Rydberg Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:070503. [PMID: 32142322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a physical realization of quantum cellular automata (QCA) using arrays of ultracold atoms excited to Rydberg states. The key ingredient is the use of programmable multifrequency couplings which generalize the Rydberg blockade and facilitation effects to a broader set of nonadditive, unitary and nonunitary (dissipative) conditional interactions. Focusing on a 1D array we define a set of elementary QCA rules that generate complex and varied quantum dynamical behavior. Finally, we demonstrate theoretically that Rydberg QCA is ideally suited for variational quantum optimization protocols and quantum state engineering by finding parameters that generate highly entangled states as the steady state of the quantum dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Wintermantel
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and IPCMS (UMR 7504), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Y Wang
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and IPCMS (UMR 7504), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G Lochead
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and IPCMS (UMR 7504), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Shevate
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and IPCMS (UMR 7504), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G K Brennen
- Center for Engineered Quantum Systems, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Macquarie University, 2109 New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Whitlock
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and IPCMS (UMR 7504), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Borish V, Marković O, Hines JA, Rajagopal SV, Schleier-Smith M. Transverse-Field Ising Dynamics in a Rydberg-Dressed Atomic Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:063601. [PMID: 32109106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization of long-range Ising interactions in a cold gas of cesium atoms by Rydberg dressing. The interactions are enhanced by coupling to Rydberg states in the vicinity of a Förster resonance. We characterize the interactions by measuring the mean-field shift of the clock transition via Ramsey spectroscopy, observing one-axis twisting dynamics. We furthermore emulate a transverse-field Ising model by periodic application of a microwave field and detect dynamical signatures of the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition. Our results highlight the power of optical addressing for achieving local and dynamical control of interactions, enabling prospects ranging from investigating Floquet quantum criticality to producing tunable-range spin squeezing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Borish
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - O Marković
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J A Hines
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S V Rajagopal
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Schleier-Smith
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Barredo D, Lienhard V, Scholl P, de Léséleuc S, Boulier T, Browaeys A, Lahaye T. Three-Dimensional Trapping of Individual Rydberg Atoms in Ponderomotive Bottle Beam Traps. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:023201. [PMID: 32004042 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.023201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate three-dimensional trapping of individual Rydberg atoms in holographic optical bottle beam traps. Starting with cold, ground-state ^{87}Rb atoms held in standard optical tweezers, we excite them to nS_{1/2}, nP_{1/2}, or nD_{3/2} Rydberg states and transfer them to a hollow trap at 850 nm. For principal quantum numbers 60≤n≤90, the measured trapping time coincides with the Rydberg state lifetime in a 300 K environment. We show that these traps are compatible with quantum information and simulation tasks by performing single qubit microwave Rabi flopping, as well as by measuring the interaction-induced, coherent spin-exchange dynamics between two trapped Rydberg atoms separated by 40 μm. These results will find applications in the realization of high-fidelity quantum simulations and quantum logic operations with Rydberg atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Barredo
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - V Lienhard
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - P Scholl
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - S de Léséleuc
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - T Boulier
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Browaeys
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - T Lahaye
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gutiérrez R, Garrahan JP, Lesanovsky I. Physical swap dynamics, shortcuts to relaxation, and entropy production in dissipative Rydberg gases. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:012110. [PMID: 31499791 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.012110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dense Rydberg gases are out-of-equilibrium systems where strong density-density interactions give rise to effective kinetic constraints. They cause dynamic arrest associated with highly constrained many-body configurations, leading to slow relaxation and glassy behavior. Multicomponent Rydberg gases feature additional long-range interactions such as excitation exchange. These are analogous to particle swaps used to artificially accelerate relaxation in simulations of atomistic models of classical glass formers. In Rydberg gases, however, swaps are real physical processes, which provide dynamical shortcuts to relaxation. They permit the accelerated approach to stationarity in experiment and at the same time have an impact on the nonequilibrium stationary state. In particular, their interplay with radiative decay processes amplifies irreversibility of the dynamics, an effect which we quantify via the entropy production at stationarity. Our work highlights an intriguing analogy between real dynamical processes in Rydberg gases and artificial dynamics underlying advanced Monte Carlo methods. Moreover, it delivers a quantitative characterization of the dramatic effect swaps have on the structure and dynamics of their stationary state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Complex Systems Group & GISC, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan P Garrahan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Takahashi M, Matsui H, Ikemoto Y, Suzuki M, Morimoto N. Assessment of the VDW interaction converting DMAPS from the thermal-motion form to the hydrogen-bonded form. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13104. [PMID: 31511555 PMCID: PMC6739504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of van der Waals (VDW) interactions is fundamental to all of the central quest of structure that regulates the biological function. VDW interactions contributing to intramolecular weak hydrogen bonding are regarded as an important force to regulate the thermal stimuli-sensitive function of sulfobetaine methacrylate, DMAPS. We present here the conversion from the thermal-motion form at room temperature to the weak-hydrogen-bonded form against thermal motion as a terahertz spectral change with a definite isosbestic point from an absorption peak of one form to the other. Vibrational absorptions are used as a probe for assessing VDW interactions in conjunction with highly reliable and well-established density functional theory (DFT) calculations for analysis. Complicated spectral features and uncertain conformations of DMAPS in the amorphous state are clearly resolved under the polarizable continuum model and the dispersion correction for the pure DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masae Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikemoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiat. Res. Inst. JASRI SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Morimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Feldmeier J, Pollmann F, Knap M. Emergent Glassy Dynamics in a Quantum Dimer Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:040601. [PMID: 31491242 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We consider the quench dynamics of a two-dimensional quantum dimer model and determine the role of its kinematic constraints. We interpret the nonequilibrium dynamics in terms of the underlying equilibrium phase transitions consisting of a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition between a columnar ordered valence bond solid (VBS) and a valence bond liquid (VBL), as well as a first-order transition between a staggered VBS and the VBL. We find that quenches from a columnar VBS are ergodic and both order parameters and spatial correlations quickly relax to their thermal equilibrium. By contrast, the staggered side of the first-order transition does not display thermalization on numerically accessible timescales. Based on the model's kinematic constraints, we uncover a mechanism of relaxation that rests on emergent, highly detuned multidefect processes in a staggered background, which gives rise to slow, glassy dynamics at low temperatures even in the thermodynamic limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Feldmeier
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Frank Pollmann
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Michael Knap
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bull K, Martin I, Papić Z. Systematic Construction of Scarred Many-Body Dynamics in 1D Lattice Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:030601. [PMID: 31386431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a family of nonintegrable 1D lattice models that feature robust periodic revivals under a global quench from certain initial product states, thus generalizing the phenomenon of many-body scarring recently observed in Rydberg atom quantum simulators. Our construction is based on a systematic embedding of the single-site unitary dynamics into a kinetically constrained many-body system. We numerically demonstrate that this construction yields new families of models with robust wave-function revivals, and it includes kinetically constrained quantum clock models as a special case. We show that scarring dynamics in these models can be decomposed into a period of nearly free clock precession and an interacting bottleneck, shedding light on their anomalously slow thermalization when quenched from special initial states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Bull
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ivar Martin
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Z Papić
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hallam A, Morley JG, Green AG. The Lyapunov spectra of quantum thermalisation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2708. [PMID: 31221972 PMCID: PMC6586635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermalisation in closed quantum systems occurs through a process of dephasing due to parts of the system outside of the window of observation, gradually revealing the underlying thermal nature of eigenstates. In contrast, closed classical systems thermalize due to dynamical chaos. We demonstrate a deep link between these processes. Projecting quantum dynamics onto variational states using the time-dependent variational principle, results in classical chaotic Hamiltonian dynamics. We study an infinite spin chain in two ways-using the matrix product state ansatz for the wavefunction and for the thermofield purification of the density matrix-and extract the full Lyapunov spectrum of the resulting dynamics. We show that the entanglement growth rate is related to the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of dynamics projected onto states with appropriate entanglement, extending previous results about initial entanglement growth to all times. The Lyapunov spectra for thermofield descriptions of thermalizing systems show a remarkable semi-circular distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hallam
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AH, UK.
| | - J G Morley
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - A G Green
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Choi S, Turner CJ, Pichler H, Ho WW, Michailidis AA, Papić Z, Serbyn M, Lukin MD, Abanin DA. Emergent SU(2) Dynamics and Perfect Quantum Many-Body Scars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:220603. [PMID: 31283292 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.220603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent experimental observations of coherent many-body revivals in a constrained Rydberg atom chain, we construct a weak quasilocal deformation of the Rydberg-blockaded Hamiltonian, which makes the revivals virtually perfect. Our analysis suggests the existence of an underlying nonintegrable Hamiltonian which supports an emergent SU(2)-spin dynamics within a small subspace of the many-body Hilbert space. We show that such perfect dynamics necessitates the existence of atypical, nonergodic energy eigenstates-quantum many-body scars. Furthermore, using these insights, we construct a toy model that hosts exact quantum many-body scars, providing an intuitive explanation of their origin. Our results offer specific routes to enhancing coherent many-body revivals and provide a step toward establishing the stability of quantum many-body scars in the thermodynamic limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soonwon Choi
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Turner
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes Pichler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Wen Wei Ho
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - Zlatko Papić
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Maksym Serbyn
- IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Dmitry A Abanin
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu F, Lundgren R, Titum P, Pagano G, Zhang J, Monroe C, Gorshkov AV. Confined Quasiparticle Dynamics in Long-Range Interacting Quantum Spin Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:150601. [PMID: 31050545 PMCID: PMC6990634 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.150601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We study the quasiparticle excitation and quench dynamics of the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model with power-law (1/r^{α}) interactions. We find that long-range interactions give rise to a confining potential, which couples pairs of domain walls (kinks) into bound quasiparticles, analogous to mesonic states in high-energy physics. We show that these quasiparticles have signatures in the dynamics of order parameters following a global quench, and the Fourier spectrum of these order parameters can be exploited as a direct probe of the masses of the confined quasiparticles. We introduce a two-kink model to qualitatively explain the phenomenon of long-range-interaction-induced confinement and to quantitatively predict the masses of the bound quasiparticles. Furthermore, we illustrate that these quasiparticle states can lead to slow thermalization of one-point observables for certain initial states. Our work is readily applicable to current trapped-ion experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Liu
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Rex Lundgren
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Paraj Titum
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Guido Pagano
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jiehang Zhang
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Christopher Monroe
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fazzini S, Barbiero L, Montorsi A. Interaction-Induced Fractionalization and Topological Superconductivity in the Polar Molecules Anisotropic t-J Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:106402. [PMID: 30932660 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We show that the interplay between antiferromagnetic interaction and hole motion gives rise to a topological superconducting phase. This is captured by the one dimensional anisotropic t-J model which can be experimentally achieved with ultracold polar molecules trapped onto an optical lattice. As a function of the anisotropy strength we find that different quantum phases appear, ranging from a gapless Luttinger liquid to spin gapped conducting and superconducting regimes. In the presence of appropriate z anisotropy, we also prove that a phase characterized by nontrivial topological order takes place. The latter is described uniquely by a finite nonlocal string parameter and presents robust edge spin fractionalization. These results allow us to explore quantum phases of matter where topological superconductivity is induced by the interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Fazzini
- Institute for condensed matter physics and complex systems, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Luca Barbiero
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arianna Montorsi
- Institute for condensed matter physics and complex systems, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Engel F, Dieterle T, Schmid T, Tomschitz C, Veit C, Zuber N, Löw R, Pfau T, Meinert F. Observation of Rydberg Blockade Induced by a Single Ion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:193401. [PMID: 30468597 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.193401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the long-range interaction of a single ion with a highly excited ultracold Rydberg atom and report on the direct observation of an ion-induced Rydberg excitation blockade mediated over tens of micrometer distances. Our hybrid ion-atom system is directly produced from an ultracold atomic ensemble via near-threshold photoionization of a single Rydberg excitation, employing a two-photon scheme that is specifically suited for generating a very low-energy ion. The ion's motion is precisely controlled by small electric fields, which allows us to analyze the blockade mechanism for a range of principal quantum numbers. Finally, we explore the capability of the ion as a high-sensitivity, single-atom-based electric field sensor. The observed ion-Rydberg-atom interaction is of current interest for entanglement generation or studies of ultracold chemistry in hybrid ion-atom systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Engel
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Dieterle
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Schmid
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Tomschitz
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Veit
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - N Zuber
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R Löw
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Meinert
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Haenel R, Grant E. Coupled rate-equation hydrodynamic simulation of a Rydberg gas Gaussian ellipsoid: Classical avalanche and evolution to molecular plasma. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
45
|
Vanderstraeten L, Van Damme M, Büchler HP, Verstraete F. Quasiparticles in Quantum Spin Chains with Long-Range Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:090603. [PMID: 30230892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.090603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study quasiparticle excitations for quantum spin chains with long-range interactions using variational matrix product state techniques. It is confirmed that the local quasiparticle ansatz is able to capture those excitations very accurately, even when the correlation length becomes very large and in the case of topological nontrivial excitation such as spinons. It is demonstrated that the breaking of the Lieb-Robinson bound follows from the appearance of cusps in the dispersion relation, and evidence is given for a crossover between different quasiparticles as the long-range interactions are tuned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Vanderstraeten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Van Damme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hans Peter Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Verstraete
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang YC, Walther V, Pohl T. Long-Range Interactions and Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Gases through Optical Feedback. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:073604. [PMID: 30169082 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.073604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We consider a quasi-two-dimensional atomic Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with a near-resonant laser field that is backreflected onto the condensate by a planar mirror. We show that this single-mirror optical feedback leads to an unusual type of effective interaction between the ultracold atoms giving rise to a rich spectrum of ground states. In particular, we find that it can cause the spontaneous contraction of the quasi-two-dimensional condensate to form a self-bound one-dimensional chain of mesoscopic quantum droplets, and demonstrate that the observation of this exotic effect is within reach of current experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Valentin Walther
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Heyl M, Pollmann F, Dóra B. Detecting Equilibrium and Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in Ising Chains via Out-of-Time-Ordered Correlators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:016801. [PMID: 30028149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.016801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-time-ordered (OTO) correlators have developed into a central concept quantifying quantum information transport, information scrambling, and quantum chaos. In this Letter, we show that such an OTO correlator can also be used to dynamically detect equilibrium as well as nonequilibrium phase transitions in Ising chains. We study OTO correlators of an order parameter both in equilibrium and after a quantum quench for different variants of transverse-field Ising models in one dimension, including the integrable one as well as nonintegrable and long-range extensions. We find for all the studied models that the OTO correlator in ground states detects the quantum phase transition. After a quantum quench from a fully polarized state, we observe numerically for the short-range models that the asymptotic long-time value of the OTO correlator signals still the equilibrium critical points and ordered phases. For the long-range extension, the OTO correlator instead determines a dynamical quantum phase transition in the model. We discuss how our findings can be observed in current experiments of trapped ions or Rydberg atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Heyl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Pollmann
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Balázs Dóra
- Department of Theoretical Physics and MTA-BME Lendület Topology and Correlation Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Plestid R, Mahon P, O'Dell DHJ. Violent relaxation in quantum fluids with long-range interactions. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:012112. [PMID: 30110820 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.012112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Violent relaxation is a process that occurs in systems with long-range interactions. It has the peculiar feature of dramatically amplifying small perturbations, and rather than driving the system to equilibrium, it instead leads to slowly evolving configurations known as quasistationary states that fall outside the standard paradigm of statistical mechanics. Violent relaxation was originally identified in gravity-driven stellar dynamics; here, we extend the theory into the quantum regime by developing a quantum version of the Hamiltonian mean field (HMF) model which exemplifies many of the generic properties of long-range interacting systems. The HMF model can either be viewed as describing particles interacting via a cosine potential, or equivalently as the kinetic XY model with infinite-range interactions, and its quantum fluid dynamics can be obtained from a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We show that singular caustics that form during violent relaxation are regulated by interference effects in a universal way described by Thom's catastrophe theory applied to waves and this leads to emergent length scales and timescales not present in the classical problem. In the deep quantum regime we find that violent relaxation is suppressed altogether by quantum zero-point motion. Our results are relevant to laboratory studies of self-organization in cold atomic gases with long-range interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Plestid
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. N., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 2Y5
| | - Perry Mahon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7
| | - D H J O'Dell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Keleş A, Zhao E. Absence of Long-Range Order in a Triangular Spin System with Dipolar Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:187202. [PMID: 29775325 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.187202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice is perhaps the best known example of frustrated magnets, but it orders at low temperatures. Recent density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations find that the next nearest neighbor interaction J_{2} enhances the frustration, and it leads to a spin liquid for J_{2}/J_{1}∈(0.08,0.15). In addition, a DMRG study of a dipolar Heisenberg model with longer range interactions gives evidence for a spin liquid at a small dipole tilting angle θ∈[0,10°). In both cases, the putative spin liquid region appears to be small. Here, we show that for the triangular lattice dipolar Heisenberg model, a robust quantum paramagnetic phase exists in a surprisingly wide region, θ∈[0,54°), for dipoles tilted along the lattice diagonal direction. We obtain the phase diagram of the model by functional renormalization group (RG), which treats all magnetic instabilities on equal footing. The quantum paramagnetic phase is characterized by a smooth continuous flow of vertex functions and spin susceptibility down to the lowest RG scale, in contrast to the apparent breakdown of RG flow in phases with stripe or spiral order. Our finding points to a promising direction to search for quantum spin liquids in ultracold dipolar molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Keleş
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Erhai Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator. Nature 2018; 551:579-584. [PMID: 29189778 DOI: 10.1038/nature24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Controllable, coherent many-body systems can provide insights into the fundamental properties of quantum matter, enable the realization of new quantum phases and could ultimately lead to computational systems that outperform existing computers based on classical approaches. Here we demonstrate a method for creating controlled many-body quantum matter that combines deterministically prepared, reconfigurable arrays of individually trapped cold atoms with strong, coherent interactions enabled by excitation to Rydberg states. We realize a programmable Ising-type quantum spin model with tunable interactions and system sizes of up to 51 qubits. Within this model, we observe phase transitions into spatially ordered states that break various discrete symmetries, verify the high-fidelity preparation of these states and investigate the dynamics across the phase transition in large arrays of atoms. In particular, we observe robust many-body dynamics corresponding to persistent oscillations of the order after a rapid quantum quench that results from a sudden transition across the phase boundary. Our method provides a way of exploring many-body phenomena on a programmable quantum simulator and could enable realizations of new quantum algorithms.
Collapse
|