1
|
Knowledge, perceptions and attitude of Egyptian physicians towards biobanking issues. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248401. [PMID: 33770108 PMCID: PMC7996976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Collection and storage of biospecimens and data for biobanking raise many ethical concerns. Stakeholders’ opinions about these ethical issues are important since they can help in the development of ethical guidelines to govern biobanking activities. Physicians are among the important stakeholders since they contact potential participants and could be biobank users. The goal of this study is to evaluate the perceptions and attitude of Egyptian physicians towards ethical issues in biobanking. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was designed and distributed with the target group between November 2019 and January 2020. Results The questionnaire was completed by 223 physicians. While 65.5% reported hearing the term "Biobanking" before, 45.7% knew that there are biobanks in Egypt. Participants had a general positive attitude towards the value of biobanks in research. About 73% agreed that biobanks can share biospecimens with international research organizations, but only 42.6% supported collaboration with pharmaceutical companies, and 44% agreed to the use of user fees by biobanks. About 48% supported the use of broad consent in biobanks, and 73.1% believed that donors of biospecimens should be informed about results of research performed on their biospecimens. Conclusion Although many Egyptian physicians heard about biobanking, they had limited knowledge about the existence of biobanks in Egypt. They had concerns about commercialization, use of broad consent and user fees. A knowledge gap exists among these stakeholders, which should be covered by different educational activities. Community discussions should start to reach consensus about the issues of commercialization and return of research results.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin JC, Chen LK, Hsiao WWW, Fan CT, Ko ML. Next Chapter of the Taiwan Biobank: Sustainability and Perspectives. Biopreserv Biobank 2019; 17:189-197. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2018.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chu Lin
- College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Law and Technology Innovation Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI), The Taiwan Biobank, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Kuei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao
- Law and Technology Innovation Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Te Fan
- Institute of Law for Science and Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei Lan Ko
- Ophthalmology Department, Development Center of Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lang R, Gill J. Uses for an HIV specimen repository: experience and lessons for other conditions. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biobanking is increasingly becoming recognized as an emerging resource for enhancing both clinical care and research. Establishing a useful repository of clinical specimens is, however, challenging. Below we discuss the barriers encountered and lessons learned while developing and using a specimen repository integrated into an HIV care program. Substantial effort, time, cost and foresight coupled with good fortune in establishing a biobank are, however, needed to improve patient care and research productivity. Disease and population selection, ethics, legal implications, costs and sustainable funding are critical areas to consider prior to initiating a repository. We discuss these topics and demonstrate some of the beneficial results achieved in HIV, which may be relevant to other conditions, from establishing even a small repository.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raynell Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Gill
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soini S. Biobanks as a Central Part of the Finnish Growth and Genomic Strategies: How to Balance Privacy in an Innovation Ecosystem? THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2016; 44:24-34. [PMID: 27256121 DOI: 10.1177/1073110516644187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Finland has aimed to make itself an international leader in genomic research and related business and, in working towards that goal, has enacted biobank legislation. The Biobank Act requires biobanks to gain approval, be supervised, and register at the national level. Numerous other laws may also apply in any given research setting, such as the Personal Data Act, the Medical Research Act, and the Act on Medical Use of Human Organs and Tissues.In terms of privacy protection, anonymization is generally not permitted under Finnish law and therefore most biobanks pseudonomize data and samples. However, the broad understanding of what is identifiable data in Finland has created difficulties in sharing with non-EU countries. Furthermore, consent to biobank research is only applicable to the sample and related data, not to data stored in other health-related registries, and consent is only to the field of research for that particular biobank. These restrictions impede the sharing of samples and data for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirpa Soini
- Sirpa Soini, LL.M. works as senior legal adviser in Helsinki, and specializes in biomedical law and regulation. Alongside legal practice, she is engaged in various research and collaboration projects. She is a member of the National Medical Research Ethics Committee of Finland (TUKIJA), Senior legal adviser Academic Medical Center of Helsinki Biobank, and National Biobanking Steering Group (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs). Her pending doctoral dissertation at the Faculty of Law, Helsinki, studies legal pluralism in biomedical regulation
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Birch K, Dove ES, Chiappetta M, Gürsoy UK. Biobanks in Oral Health: Promises and Implications of Post-Neoliberal Science and Innovation. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 20:36-41. [PMID: 26584410 PMCID: PMC4739123 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While biobanks are established explicitly as scientific infrastructures, they are de facto political-economic ones too. Many biobanks, particularly population-based biobanks, are framed under the rubric of the bio-economy as national political-economic assets that benefit domestic business, while national populations are framed as a natural resource whose genomics, proteomics, and related biological material and national health data can be exploited. We outline how many biobanks epitomize this 'neoliberal' form of science and innovation in which research is driven by market priorities (e.g., profit, shareholder value) underpinned by state or government policies. As both scientific and political-economic infrastructures, biobanks end up entangled in an array of problems associated with market-driven science and innovation. These include: profit trumping other considerations; rentiership trumping entrepreneurship; and applied research trumping basic research. As a result, there has been a push behind new forms of 'post-neoliberal' science and innovation strategies based on principles of openness and collaboration, especially in relation to biobanks. The proliferation of biobanks and the putative transition in both scientific practice and political economy from neoliberalism to post-neoliberalism demands fresh social scientific analyses, particularly as biobanks become further established in fields such as oral health and personalized dentistry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of biobanks with a view to what we can anticipate from biobanks and distributed post-genomics global science in the current era of oral health biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kean Birch
- Department of Social Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward S. Dove
- J. Kenyon Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law, University of Edinburgh School of Law, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Chiappetta
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulvi K. Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clement B, Yuille M, Zaltoukal K, Wichmann HE, Anton G, Parodi B, Kozera L, Brechot C, Hofman P, Dagher G. Public Biobanks: Calculation and Recovery of Costs. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:261fs45. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Minssen T, Schovsbo J. Legal aspects of biobanking as key issues for personalized medicine and translational exploitation. Per Med 2014; 11:497-508. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This perspective article provides an overview on selected legal aspects of biobanking. It discusses these issues with a focus on public biobanks in a university setting and the specific challenges posed by personalized medicine. We conclude that any decisions as to the design of the regulatory environment should follow a process that takes account of the values, hopes and concerns of all stakeholders involved. In particular, we stress the importance of a careful planning of consent obligations combining traditional legal methods with an adequate institutional setup. In order to enhance the translational exploitation of biobanks, we further emphasize the pressing need to carefully consider a great variety of strategies and policy choices relating to intellectual property rights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Minssen
- Centre for Information & Innovation Law (CIIR), University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Law, Studiegården, Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Schovsbo
- Centre for Information & Innovation Law (CIIR), University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Law, Studiegården, Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Harnessing Omics Sciences, Population Databases, and Open Innovation Models for Theranostics-Guided Drug Discovery and Development. Drug Dev Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
Papaioannou T. From consultation to deliberation? A qualitative case study of governing science and technology projects for the public good. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2011.630979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
10
|
Warnich L, Drögemöller BI, Pepper MS, Dandara C, Wright GEB. Pharmacogenomic Research in South Africa: Lessons Learned and Future Opportunities in the Rainbow Nation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 9:191-207. [PMID: 22563365 PMCID: PMC3228231 DOI: 10.2174/187569211796957575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
South Africa, like many other developing countries, stands to benefit from novel diagnostics and drugs developed by pharmacogenomics guidance due to high prevalence of disease burden in the region. This includes both communicable (e.g., HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis) and non-communicable (e.g., diabetes and cardiovascular) diseases. For example, although only 0.7% of the world's population lives in South Africa, the country carries 17% of the global HIV/AIDS burden and 5% of the global tuberculosis burden. Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu has coined the term Rainbow Nation, referring to a land of wealth in its many diverse peoples and cultures. It is now timely and necessary to reflect on how best to approach new genomics biotechnologies in a manner that carefully considers the public health needs and extant disease burden in the region. The aim of this paper is to document and review the advances in pharmacogenomics in South Africa and importantly, to evaluate the direction that future research should take. Previous research has shown that the populations in South Africa exhibit unique allele frequencies and novel genetic variation in pharmacogenetically relevant genes, often differing from other African and global populations. The high level of genetic diversity, low linkage disequilibrium and the presence of rare variants in these populations question the feasibility of the use of current commercially available genotyping platforms, and may partially account for genotype-phenotype discordance observed in past studies. However, the employment of high throughput technologies for genomic research, within the context of large clinical trials, combined with interdisciplinary studies and appropriate regulatory guidelines, should aid in acceleration of pharmacogenomic discoveries in high priority therapeutic areas in South Africa. Finally, we suggest that projects such as the H3Africa Initiative, the SAHGP and PGENI should play an integral role in the coordination of genomic research in South Africa, but also other African countries, by providing infrastructure and capital to local researchers, as well as providing aid in addressing the computational and statistical bottlenecks encountered at present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Warnich
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|