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A review on cyclin-dependent kinase 5: An emerging drug target for neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123259. [PMID: 36641018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is the serine/threonine-directed kinase mainly found in the brain and plays a significant role in developing the central nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that CDK5 is activated by specific cyclins regulating its expression and activity. P35 and p39 activate CDK5, and their proteolytic degradation produces p25 and p29, which are stable products involved in the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, a significant hallmark of various neurological diseases. Numerous high-affinity inhibitors of CDK5 have been designed, and some are marketed drugs. Roscovitine, like other drugs, is being used to minimize neurological symptoms. Here, we performed an extensive literature analysis to highlight the role of CDK5 in neurons, synaptic plasticity, DNA damage repair, cell cycle, etc. We have investigated the structural features of CDK5, and their binding mode with the designed inhibitors is discussed in detail to develop attractive strategies in the therapeutic targeting of CDK5 for neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides deeper mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of CDK5 inhibitors and their implications in the clinical management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Mueller M, Schoeberlein A, Zhou J, Joerger-Messerli M, Oppliger B, Reinhart U, Bordey A, Surbek D, Barnea ER, Huang Y, Paidas M. PreImplantation Factor bolsters neuroprotection via modulating Protein Kinase A and Protein Kinase C signaling. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:2078-86. [PMID: 25976303 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A synthetic peptide (sPIF) analogous to the mammalian embryo-derived PreImplantation Factor (PIF) enables neuroprotection in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and perinatal brain injury. The protective effects have been attributed, in part, to sPIF's ability to inhibit the biogenesis of microRNA let-7, which is released from injured cells during central nervous system (CNS) damage and induces neuronal death. Here, we uncover another novel mechanism of sPIF-mediated neuroprotection. Using a clinically relevant rat newborn brain injury model, we demonstrate that sPIF, when subcutaneously administrated, is able to reduce cell death, reverse neuronal loss and restore proper cortical architecture. We show, both in vivo and in vitro, that sPIF activates cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) and calcium-dependent protein kinase (PKC) signaling, leading to increased phosphorylation of major neuroprotective substrates GAP-43, BAD and CREB. Phosphorylated CREB in turn facilitates expression of Gap43, Bdnf and Bcl2 known to have important roles in regulating neuronal growth, survival and remodeling. As is the case in sPIF-mediated let-7 repression, we provide evidence that sPIF-mediated PKA/PKC activation is dependent on TLR4 expression. Thus, we propose that sPIF imparts neuroprotection via multiple mechanisms at multiple levels downstream of TLR4. Given the recent FDA fast-track approval of sPIF for clinical trials, its potential clinical application for treating other CNS diseases can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Schoeberlein
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, PR China
| | | | - B Oppliger
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - U Reinhart
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Bordey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E R Barnea
- Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA.,BioIncept LLC, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Women and Children's Center for Blood Disorders, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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p27(KIP1) regulates neurogenesis in the rostral migratory stream and olfactory bulb of the postnatal mouse. J Neurosci 2009; 29:2902-14. [PMID: 19261886 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4051-08.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal progenitor cells of the anterior subventricular zone (SVZa) migrate along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they exit the cell cycle and differentiate. The molecular mechanisms that regulate SVZa progenitor proliferation and cell-cycle exit are largely undefined. We investigated the role of p27(KIP1) in regulating cell proliferation and survival in the RMS and olfactory bulb between postnatal day 1 (P1) and P14, the peak period of olfactory bulb neuron generation. A large proportion of cells in the RMS and the olfactory bulb express cytoplasmic p27(KIP1), but a small percentage display high nuclear p27(KIP1) immunostaining, which exhibit a caudal(low)-rostral(high) gradient: lowest in the SVZa and highest in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. p27(KIP1) is also present in the nucleus and/or the cytoplasm of neuron-specific type III beta-tubulin(+) cells. Cells with strong nuclear p27(KIP1) expression are BrdU(-) and Ki67(-). The percentage of BrdU(+) cells in the SVZa, RMS, and olfactory bulb is higher in p27(KIP1) null than wild-type (WT) mice at all ages analyzed. Consistent with these findings, p27(KIP1) overexpression in cultured p27(KIP1) null and WT SVZ cells reduced cell proliferation and self-renewal. Finally, in p27(KIP1) null mice, the diameter of the horizontal limb of the RMS is larger than in WT mice, and development of the olfactory bulb granule cell layer is delayed, together with increased apoptotic cell density. Our results indicate that in the postnatal brain, p27(KIP1) regulates the proliferation and survival of neuronal cells in the RMS and olfactory bulb.
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Jessberger S, Aigner S, Clemenson GD, Toni N, Lie DC, Karalay Ö, Overall R, Kempermann G, Gage FH. Cdk5 regulates accurate maturation of newborn granule cells in the adult hippocampus. PLoS Biol 2009; 6:e272. [PMID: 18998770 PMCID: PMC2581629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn granule cells become functionally integrated into the synaptic circuitry of the adult dentate gyrus after a morphological and electrophysiological maturation process. The molecular mechanisms by which immature neurons and the neurites extending from them find their appropriate position and target area remain largely unknown. Here we show that single-cell-specific knockdown of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) activity in newborn cells using a retrovirus-based strategy leads to aberrant growth of dendritic processes, which is associated with an altered migration pattern of newborn cells. Even though spine formation and maturation are reduced in cdk5-deficient cells, aberrant dendrites form ectopic synapses onto hilar neurons. These observations identify cdk5 to be critically involved in the maturation and dendrite extension of newborn neurons in the course of adult neurogenesis. The data presented here also suggest a mechanistic dissociation between accurate dendritic targeting and subsequent synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jessberger
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (FHG); (SJ)
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory D Clemenson
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Toni
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - D. Chichung Lie
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Özlem Karalay
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Overall
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (FHG); (SJ)
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