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Su CL, Wang YT, Chang MH, Fang K, Chen K. The novel heterocyclic trioxirane [(1,3,5-tris oxiran-2-yl)methyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione (TATT)] exhibits a better anticancer effect than platinum-based chemotherapy by induction of apoptosis and curcumin further enhances its chemosensitivity. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 68:597-609. [PMID: 24078402 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The heterocyclic trioxirane compound [1,3,5-tris((oxiran-2-yl)methyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione (TATT)] is a synthetic compound which has been used as an experimental anticancer agent in human clinical trials. Curcumin, an active natural compound in turmeric and curry, is an ingredient commonly used in the traditional diet of many Asian countries. In the present study, we observed that TATT exhibited a better anticancer effect on chemoresistant human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells and displayed less cytotoxicity on normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells, compared with FDA-approved anticancer drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin, or oxaliplatin) using MTT assay. TATT also induced a stronger apoptotic effect than that seen with the three studied anticancer drugs, as characterized by externalization of phosphatidylserine using flow cytometry. Administration of caspase 8-specific inhibitor (z-IETD-fmk) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor (cyclosporin A) demonstrated that TATT-induced apoptosis proceeded via both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways. It is noteworthy that coadministration of curcumin further significantly increased TATT-induced cytotoxicity, externalization of phosphatidylserine (representing early apoptosis), and the percentages of cells at the sub-G1 phase (representing late apoptosis), producing an additivity and/or synergistic effect, and vice versa. Suppression of nuclear NF-κB was involved in curcumin-enhanced chemosensitivity of TATT. Overall, our data indicate that TATT exerts a chemotherapeutic effect on colorectal cancer cells and coadministration of curcumin enhances the treatment effect of TATT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Su
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, He-ping East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan,
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Wang X, Han W, Du X, Zhu C, Carlsson Y, Mallard C, Jacotot E, Hagberg H. Neuroprotective Effect of Bax-Inhibiting Peptide on Neonatal Brain Injury. Stroke 2010; 41:2050-5. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.589051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- From the Perinatal Center (X.W., W.H., X.D., Y.C., C.M., E.J., H.H.), Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Department of Pediatrics (X.W., W.H., X.D., C.Z.), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (C.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Perinatal Center (Y.C., H.H.), Department of
| | - Wei Han
- From the Perinatal Center (X.W., W.H., X.D., Y.C., C.M., E.J., H.H.), Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Department of Pediatrics (X.W., W.H., X.D., C.Z.), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (C.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Perinatal Center (Y.C., H.H.), Department of
| | - Xiaonan Du
- From the Perinatal Center (X.W., W.H., X.D., Y.C., C.M., E.J., H.H.), Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Department of Pediatrics (X.W., W.H., X.D., C.Z.), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (C.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Perinatal Center (Y.C., H.H.), Department of
| | - Changlian Zhu
- From the Perinatal Center (X.W., W.H., X.D., Y.C., C.M., E.J., H.H.), Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Department of Pediatrics (X.W., W.H., X.D., C.Z.), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (C.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Perinatal Center (Y.C., H.H.), Department of
| | - Ylva Carlsson
- From the Perinatal Center (X.W., W.H., X.D., Y.C., C.M., E.J., H.H.), Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Department of Pediatrics (X.W., W.H., X.D., C.Z.), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (C.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Perinatal Center (Y.C., H.H.), Department of
| | - Carina Mallard
- From the Perinatal Center (X.W., W.H., X.D., Y.C., C.M., E.J., H.H.), Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Department of Pediatrics (X.W., W.H., X.D., C.Z.), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (C.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Perinatal Center (Y.C., H.H.), Department of
| | - Etienne Jacotot
- From the Perinatal Center (X.W., W.H., X.D., Y.C., C.M., E.J., H.H.), Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Department of Pediatrics (X.W., W.H., X.D., C.Z.), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (C.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Perinatal Center (Y.C., H.H.), Department of
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- From the Perinatal Center (X.W., W.H., X.D., Y.C., C.M., E.J., H.H.), Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Department of Pediatrics (X.W., W.H., X.D., C.Z.), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; the Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation (C.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; the Perinatal Center (Y.C., H.H.), Department of
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Benadiba M, Miyake JA, Colquhoun A. Gamma-linolenic acid alters Ku80, E2F1, and bax expression and induces micronucleus formation in C6 glioma cells in vitro. IUBMB Life 2009; 61:244-51. [PMID: 19180667 DOI: 10.1002/iub.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an inhibitor of tumor cell proliferation in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 150 muM GLA on the expression of E2F1, cyclin D1, bax, bcl2, Ku70, and Ku80 in C6 rat glioma cells. The Ku proteins were chosen as previous studies have shown that loss or reduction in their expression causes increased DNA damage and micronucleus formation in the presence of radiation. The fact that GLA exposure is known to enhance the efficacy of radiation treatment raised the question whether the Ku proteins could be involved in this effect as seen for other molecules such as roscovitine and flavopiridol. GLA altered the mRNA expression of E2F1, cyclin D1, and bax, but no changes were found for bcl2, Ku70, and Ku80. Alterations in protein expression were observed for bax, Ku80, and E2F1. The 45% decrease in E2F1 expression was proportional to decreased cell proliferation (44%). Morphological analysis found a 25% decrease in mitotic activity in the GLA-treated cells, which was accompanied by a 49% decrease in S-phase by FACS analysis. A 39% increase in the number of micronuclei detected by Hoechst fluorescence points to GLA's effects on cell division even at concentrations that do not produce significant increases in apoptosis. Most important was the finding that Ku80 expression, a critical protein involved in DNA repair as a heterodimer with Ku70, was decreased by 71%. It is probable that reduced Ku80 is responsible for the increase in micronucleus formation in GLA-treated cells in a similar manner to that found in Ku80 null cells exposed to radiation. The decreased expression of Ku80 and E2F1 could make cells more susceptible to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Benadiba
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Lee JC, Won SJ, Chao CL, Wu FL, Liu HS, Ling P, Lin CN, Su CL. Morusin induces apoptosis and suppresses NF-kappaB activity in human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 372:236-42. [PMID: 18485277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Morusin is a pure compound isolated from root bark of Morusaustralis (Moraceae). In this study, we demonstrated that morusin significantly inhibited the growth and clonogenicity of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells. Apoptosis induced by morusin was characterized by accumulation of cells at the sub-G(1) phase, fragmentation of DNA, and condensation of chromatin. Morusin also inhibited the phosphorylation of IKK-alpha, IKK-beta and IkappaB-alpha, increased expression of IkappaB-alpha, and suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and its DNA binding activity. Dephosphorylation of NF-kappaB upstream regulators PI3K, Akt and PDK1 was also displayed. In addition, activation of caspase-8, change of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO, and activation of caspase-9 and -3 were observed at the early time point. Downregulation in the expression of Ku70 and XIAP was exhibited afterward. Caspase-8 or wide-ranging caspase inhibitor suppressed morusin-induced apoptosis. Therefore, the antitumor mechanism of morusin in HT-29 cells may be via activation of caspases and inhibition of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenq-Chang Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Chen CS, Wang YC, Yang HC, Huang PH, Kulp SK, Yang CC, Lu YS, Matsuyama S, Chen CY, Chen CS. Histone deacetylase inhibitors sensitize prostate cancer cells to agents that produce DNA double-strand breaks by targeting Ku70 acetylation. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5318-27. [PMID: 17545612 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a histone deacetylation-independent mechanism whereby histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors sensitize prostate cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents by targeting Ku70 acetylation. Ku70 represents a crucial component of the nonhomologous end joining repair machinery for DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Our data indicate that pretreatment of prostate cancer cells with HDAC inhibitors (trichostatin A, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, MS-275, and OSU-HDAC42) led to increased Ku70 acetylation accompanied by reduced DNA-binding affinity without disrupting the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer formation. As evidenced by increased Ser(139)-phosphorylated histone H2AX (gammaH2AX), impaired Ku70 function diminished cellular capability to repair DNA DSBs induced by bleomycin, doxorubicin, and etoposide, thereby enhancing their cell-killing effect. This sensitizing effect was most prominent when cells were treated with HDAC inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents sequentially. Mimicking acetylation was done by replacing K282, K317, K331, K338, K539, or K542 with glutamine via site-directed mutagenesis, which combined with computer docking analysis was used to analyze the role of these lysine residues in the interactions of Ku70 with DNA broken ends. Mutagenesis of K282, K338, K539, or K542 suppressed the activity of Ku70 to bind DNA, whereas mutagenesis of K317 or K331 with glutamine had no significant effect. Moreover, overexpression of K282Q or K338Q rendered DU-145 cells more susceptible to the effect of DNA-damaging agents on gammaH2AX formation and cell killing. Overall, the ability of HDAC inhibitors to regulate cellular ability to repair DNA damage by targeting Ku70 acetylation underlies the viability of their combination with DNA-damaging agents as a therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Shi Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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