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Shakeri R, Kheirollahi A, Davoodi J. Apaf-1: Regulation and function in cell death. Biochimie 2017; 135:111-125. [PMID: 28192157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is responsible for eliminating damaged or unnecessary cells in multicellular organisms. Various types of intracellular stress trigger apoptosis by induction of cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytosol. Apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) is a key molecule in the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, which oligomerizes in response to cytochrome c release and forms a large complex known as apoptosome. Procaspase-9, an initiator caspase in the mitochondrial pathway, is recruited and activated by the apoptosome leading to downstream caspase-3 processing. Various cellular proteins and small molecules can modulate apoptosome formation and function directly or indirectly. Despite recent progress in understanding the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, numerous questions such as the molecular mechanism of Apaf-1 oligomerization and caspase-9 activation remain poorly understood. In addition, reports have emerged showing non-apoptotic functions for Apaf-1. The current review summarizes the latest findings regarding structure-function relationship of Apaf-1 as well as its modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Shakeri
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Asma Kheirollahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Davoodi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Ferraro E, Pesaresi MG, De Zio D, Cencioni MT, Gortat A, Cozzolino M, Berghella L, Salvatore AM, Oettinghaus B, Scorrano L, Pérez-Payà E, Cecconi F. Apaf1 plays a pro-survival role by regulating centrosome morphology and function. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3450-63. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.086298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf1) is the main component of the apoptosome, and a crucial factor in the mitochondria-dependent death pathway. Here we show that Apaf1 plays a role in regulating centrosome maturation. By analyzing Apaf1-depleted cells, we have found that Apaf1 loss induces centrosome defects that impair centrosomal microtubule nucleation and cytoskeleton organization. This, in turn, affects several cellular processes such as mitotic spindle formation, cell migration and mitochondrial network regulation. As a consequence, Apaf1-depleted cells are more fragile and have a lower threshold to stress than wild-type cells. In fact, we found that they exhibit low Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression and, under apoptotic treatment, rapidly release cytochrome c. We also show that Apaf1 acts by regulating the recruitment of HCA66, with which it interacts, to the centrosome. This function of Apaf1 is carried out during the cell life and is not related to its apoptotic role. Therefore, Apaf1 might also be considered a pro-survival molecule, whose absence impairs cell performance and causes a higher responsiveness to stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Ferraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroembryology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela De Zio
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anne Gortat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain and IBV-CSIC, E-46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Bjorn Oettinghaus
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Pérez-Payà
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain and IBV-CSIC, E-46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroembryology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Mahjoub MR, Xie Z, Stearns T. Cep120 is asymmetrically localized to the daughter centriole and is essential for centriole assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 191:331-46. [PMID: 20956381 PMCID: PMC2958470 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201003009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cep120, a protein involved in maintenance of neural progenitor cells, is required for centriole duplication in cycling cells and for centriole amplification in tracheal epithelial cells. Centrioles form the core of the centrosome in animal cells and function as basal bodies that nucleate and anchor cilia at the plasma membrane. In this paper, we report that Cep120 (Ccdc100), a protein previously shown to be involved in maintaining the neural progenitor pool in mouse brain, is associated with centriole structure and function. Cep120 is up-regulated sevenfold during differentiation of mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTECs) and localizes to basal bodies. Cep120 localizes preferentially to the daughter centriole in cycling cells, and this asymmetry between mother and daughter centrioles is relieved coincident with new centriole assembly. Photobleaching recovery analysis identifies two pools of Cep120, differing in their halftime at the centriole. We find that Cep120 is required for centriole duplication in cycling cells, centriole amplification in MTECs, and centriole overduplication in S phase–arrested cells. We propose that Cep120 is required for centriole assembly and that the observed defect in neuronal migration might derive from a defect in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Sezen B, Seedorf M, Schiebel E. The SESA network links duplication of the yeast centrosome with the protein translation machinery. Genes Dev 2009; 23:1559-70. [PMID: 19571182 DOI: 10.1101/gad.524209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The yeast spindle pole body (SPB), the functional equivalent of mammalian centrosome, duplicates in G1/S phase of the cell cycle and then becomes inserted into the nuclear envelope. Here we describe a link between SPB duplication and targeted translation control. When insertion of the newly formed SPB into the nuclear envelope fails, the SESA network comprising the GYF domain protein Smy2, the translation inhibitor Eap1, the mRNA-binding protein Scp160 and the Asc1 protein, specifically inhibits initiation of translation of POM34 mRNA that encodes an integral membrane protein of the nuclear pore complex, while having no impact on other mRNAs. In response to SESA, POM34 mRNA accumulates in the cytoplasm and is not targeted to the ER for cotranslational translocation of the protein. Reduced level of Pom34 is sufficient to restore viability of mutants with defects in SPB duplication. We suggest that the SESA network provides a mechanism by which cells can regulate the translation of specific mRNAs. This regulation is used to coordinate competing events in the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengü Sezen
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
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